Supplementation Of Water-soluble Vitamins Research Articles

Supplementation of Water-Soluble Vitamins Reduces Hyperhomocysteinemia, Insulin Resistance, and High-Sensitivity C-reactive Protein in Prehypertension Subjects.

Prehypertensives are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Hyperhomocysteinemia, insulin resistance, and increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) are independent risk factors for the development of cardiovascular complications. In prehypertensives, specific therapeutic approaches can be implemented at the earliest to prevent the onset of overt hypertension. So the present study was performedto study the effect of supplementation of water-soluble vitamins on cardiovascular risk factors like homocysteine, insulin resistance, and C-reactive protein in prehypertensive subjects. Sixty prehypertensive subjects were recruited into the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomized into two groups of 30 each. One group was given a placebo and the other was given water-soluble vitamins for four months. Serum homocysteine, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and hs-CRP were assayed. After four months of treatment with water-soluble vitamins, there was a significant decrease in levels of serum homocysteine, hs-CRP, and HOMA-IR when compared to placebo treatment. After four months of treatment, there was a significant decrease in the levels of hs-CRP, homocysteine, and HOMA-IR in groups treated with water-soluble vitamins compared to the basal levels. In subjects with prehypertension, supplementation of water-soluble vitamins decreases the level of homocysteine, insulin resistance, and hs-CRP.

CLINICAL EFFICACY OF HIGH DOSE WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS SUPPLEMENTATION ON LIPID PROFILE IN PRE-HYPERTENSIVE SUBJECTS

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is one of the preventable cardiovascular diseases (CVD) but it causes significant morbidity and mortality. Recently, incidence of pre-hypertension is increasing and it has a greater chance of developing into HTN. Dyslipidemia is one of the main risk factors for the development of CVD among the pre-hypertensive subjects. Water soluble vitamins display potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and also elicits favorable effect on lipid profile in HTN. In this backdrop, the present study was carried out to evaluate the supplementation of water-soluble vitamins on lipid profile in pre-hypertensive patients. Methods: This was a randomized, single blinded, and placebo-controlled study conducted on 60 pre-hypertensive subjects and was allocated into water soluble vitamins group (n=30) and received Becosules capsule for 4 months and placebo group (n=30) received starch capsule for 4 months. The blood was withdrawn at 2–4 months and the lipid profiles such as total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-C, and VLDL were measured. Then, the lipid profiles were compared with in the group and between the groups at 2–4 months using two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: In this study, the triglycerides and VLDL level were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in water soluble vitamin groups as compared to the placebo groups. Meanwhile there was no significant alteration in the total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C level between the groups. Conclusion: Thus, the study shows that water soluble vitamins displayed significant anti-dyslipidemia effect in pre-hypertension and might also confer protection in the future progression of HTN.

Basic Nutrition for Sports Participation, Part 2: Vitamins and Minerals.

Basic Nutrition for Sports Participation, Part 2: Vitamins and Minerals.

Differences in Dietary Intake and Vitamin and Mineral Status of Infants and Children on Dialysis Receiving Feeds or Eating Normal Food

Knowledge of the vitamin and mineral intake and status of children on dialysis is scarce. Guidelines suggest supplementation of water-soluble vitamins, but the need for supplementation of minerals is less clear. We evaluated vitamin and mineral intake and status of children on chronic dialysis in our center. We reviewed patient records of all 33 children aged 0-16years who were treated with chronic dialysis at a University Hospital between December 2014 and August 2019. Dietary intake was estimated from feed prescriptions and 3-day food records. Vitamin and mineral determinations were performed as part of routine care. Food records or adherence to dietary prescription of feeds were available for 29 children. Dietary intake of most nutrients was sufficient in children on feeds, but children not on feeds had low intakes of vitamins D, B1, B2, and B6 as well as zinc, iron, and calcium from their diet. Insufficient intake was corrected with supplementation. We discovered some children with blood concentrations below the reference range for vitamins D (3.1%) and C (15.4%) and copper (16.7%) and selenium (3.1%). In contrast, various proportions of children with blood concentrations above the reference range were detected for all nutrients apart from vitamin D. In our study, children receiving sufficient amounts of renal-specific feeds to meet at least 100% of age-specific requirements do not appear to need multivitamin-mineral supplementation, apart from vitamin D and calcium; in addition, children on PD usually need a sodium supplement and, on rare occasions with low intake from feeds, a phosphate supplement is needed. This study further revealed that other children at our center are more prone to deficient intakes of several vitamins and minerals, requiring supplementation based on dietetic review and, in some instances, laboratory measurements.

309 Prospective randomized open label comparison of fat soluble and water soluble vitamin supplementation in children with CF

309 Prospective randomized open label comparison of fat soluble and water soluble vitamin supplementation in children with CF

Effect of supplementation of water-soluble vitamins on oxidative stress and blood pressure in prehypertensives

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of water-soluble vitamins on oxidative stress and blood pressure in prehypertensives. Sixty prehypertensives were recruited and randomized into 2 groups of 30 each. One group received water-soluble vitamins and the other placebo for 4 months. Further increase in blood pressure was not observed in the vitamin group which increased significantly in the placebo group at the end of 4 months. Malonedialdehyde and protein carbonylation were reduced during the course of treatment with vitamins whereas in the placebo group there was an increase in the level of malondialdehyde. In conclusion, supplementation of water-soluble vitamins in prehypertension reduces oxidative stress and its progression to hypertension.

Provision of water-soluble vitamin supplementation for haemodialysis patients

Background: The 2010 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) by the UK Renal Association (Wright et al., 2010) recommend that haemodialysis patients should be prescribed daily supplements of water soluble vitamins, to replace intra-dialytic losses. A specific vitamin tablet or range of vitamins is not specified within these guidelines. This study aimed to explore the adoption of these guidelines in renal units in the UK and the suitability of existing vitamin formulations. Methods: Renal Dietitians registered with the BDA Renal Nutrition Group (RNG) were contacted and asked to fill in a questionnaire. The questionnaire established whether the unit routinely prescribed vitamins for all haemodialysis patients, haemodialysis patients with an identified need or not at all. If not a blanket referral it asked for a justification for the decision. For units only recommending vitamins for patients with an identified need it asked what criteria needed to be met. All respondents were asked which vitamin they recommended for haemodialysis patients when required and in what dosage. The questionnaire also asked whether the funding for the prescription came from the renal unit budget, the GP, the PCT or another source. The individual micronutrient contents of vitamin preparations identified by the questionnaire were compared with the levels set out in the European Best Practice Guidelines (Fouque et al., 2007) using an excel spreadsheet. Results: Questionnaires were returned from 24 different renal units, of which 14 (58%) provided water-soluble vitamins for ALL haemodialysis patients, six for selected patients only, and four didn't recommend any vitamins. Criteria for prescribing vitamins included: for those on dietary restrictions (e.g. low potassium), a consultant decision, for those on haemofiltration and for those with a poor nutritional intake. There were 12 different combinations of vitamins prescribed in varying doses, ranging from daily prescriptions to dialysis days only. The most commonly used vitamin preparation was Dialyvit®, used by 45% of centres. Reasons for not prescribing included: preferring to use food to meet requirements where able, reluctance to add another tablet to what is already a high number medications required by haemodialysis patients, insufficient evidence, financial constraints on the prescriber and no product meeting the need. Funding for the vitamin came from the GP in 68% of cases. Dialyvit® was the vitamin with the best nutrient profile, providing the closest levels of eight of the nine water-soluble vitamins when compared to levels in the European Best Practice Guidelines. Discussion: Results show that the provision of water-soluble vitamins for haemodialysis patients varies across the UK, with only 58% of the units responding providing routine replacement. It is difficult to meet the increased requirements for water-soluble vitamins through food alone when the majority of these patients are on low potassium diets which require limiting certain fruit and vegetables. Despite a lack of robust evidence guidance acknowledges vitamin provision as a low cost, low risk practice which may reduce morbidity and mortality. To our knowledge, the European guidelines are the only ones who include guidance on individual nutrients and their specific requirements. From the range of vitamins used in the UK Dialyvit® meets these recommendations most closely and is only one tablet daily, compared with other preparations which would increase the pill burden. Conclusion: Current UK practice for prescription of water-soluble vitamins to haemodialysis patients is variable despite recent guidelines and the availability of a supplement which meets the need.

Primum non nocere, safety of continuous renal replacement therapy

To highlight selected adverse effects of continuous renal replacement therapy and to suggest measures for reducing harm. Adverse effects of continuous renal replacement therapy are related to bioincompatibility, bleeding, metabolic consequences, loss of heat, vascular access and human error. Bioincompatibility initiates coagulation and inflammation. Use of membranes with high pore size permits direct removal of the locally formed inflammatory mediators. Regional anticoagulation with citrate reduces the risk of bleeding and abolishes polymorphonuclear and platelet degranulation in the filter. Continuous renal replacement therapy is associated with increased losses of amino acids and the water-soluble vitamins carnitine and selenium. Compared to bicarbonate, lactate-buffered fluids may increase energy needs and glucose intolerance. Patients on continuous renal replacement therapy may lose heat. Several measures can be considered to improve safety of continuous renal replacement therapy. Among these are the use of membranes with high pore size, implementation of citrate to reduce bleeding and bioincompatibility, supplementation of water-soluble vitamins and selenium to increase antioxidant defense, use of bicarbonate-buffered solutions in the most critically ill, and prevention of loss of heat. Last but not least, improvement of safety needs continuous training of staff for better understanding of the method.

Low concentrations of MEM vitamins during in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes improves subsequent parthenogenetic development

To investigate the effects of water-soluble vitamin supplementation for IVM/IVC of porcine oocytes and evaluate maturation and developmental capacity in vitro, porcine cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) was matured in NCSU-23-based medium with water-soluble vitamins for 44 h and then cultured in PZM-3 for 7 days following activation. The COCs were allocated into five treatment groups and matured in various concentrations of MEM vitamins (control, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 1×). Metaphase II plates of the cumulus-free oocytes were observed following Hoechest 33258 staining. The COCs were allocated into four treatment groups, matured in various concentrations of MEM vitamins (control, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4×) and cultured in PZM-3 following activation. Also, COCS were matured without MEM vitamins and cultured in PZM-3 with various concentrations (control, 0.1, 0.4, 1.0, and 2.0×) of MEM vitamins. Furthermore, 2 × 2 factorial (IVM/IVC) experiments were performed in IVM medium with or without 0.05× MEM vitamins and IVC medium with or without 0.4× MEM vitamins to examine the in vitro development of parthenogenetic embryos. Maturation rates of COCs treated with MEM vitamins did not differ significantly among groups. However, compared to the control group, oocytes matured with the addition of 0.05× MEM vitamins developed to blastocysts at a higher percentage ( P < 0.05) following activation and culture in PZM-3 without MEM vitamins. Total cell number of blastocysts was significantly higher in the 0.05× group. Addition of 0.4× MEM vitamins decreased ( P < 0.05) cleavage and blastocyst developmental rates compared with 0.05× MEM vitamins-treated group. In contrast, addition of vitamins to PZM-3 medium for in vitro culture of activated porcine oocytes did not affect development. In conclusion, addition of a low concentration of MEM vitamins to IVM medium for porcine oocytes enhanced subsequent development and improved embryo quality.

Indicators of Vitamin and Mineral Status in Athletes' Blood: A Review

This review examines the hypothesis that vitamin and mineral status in athletes is inadequate for optimal sports performance. The review is based on indicators determined from blood and on studies published since 1980. Most of the studies did not find micronutrient status in athletes to be different from untrained controls. The serum ferritin concentration in females was lower than in males (27 vs. 78 micrograms.L-1), and the prevalence of low serum ferritin concentration was higher in female athletes than in untrained female controls (37 vs. 23%). Supplementation of water-soluble vitamins and iron was associated with an improvement in the corresponding indicators. Excluding a few studies with mildly anemic subjects, improvements in indicators of micronutrient status were not associated with enhanced athletic performance. Consequently, the levels of indicators of micronutrient status seen in athletes' blood were apparently compatible with optimal physical performance.

Vitamin Status in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

The vitamin status of nine uremic patients was assessed before the institution of CAPD, after six months of CAPD with oral water-soluble vitamin supplementation (as in hemodialysis) and after a further six months without vitamin supplementation. We concluded that it is necessary to provide supplements of pyridoxine and ascorbic acid but probably not folic acid. Levels of the lipid soluble vitamins A and E were within the normal range.