Supplementary Food Products Research Articles

Determination of Proximate Composition and Amino Acid Profile of Jackfruit Seed and Utilization of Its Seed Flour for Development of Protein Enriched Supplementary Food

The research focused on utilization of jackfruit seed (JFS) flour with higher nutritional worth to develop a protein enriched supplementary food. The nutritional analysis of JFS flour revealed that, it contains39.02%, 16.01%, 0.98%, 3.56%, 1.30%, 42.49% moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash and carbohydrate respectively. In JFS flour, amount of potassium (705.71 mg/100gm), calcium (115.85 mg/100gm) and magnesium (96.75 mg/100gm) were in higher quantity than other minerals. Proteins were isolated from JFS flour for its amino acid analysis. Highest Proteins extraction rate (89.94%) was found at pH-10 and isoelectric point for protein precipitation was found at pH-1.63. In the isolated protein the essential amino acids were Lysin (10.30%), Isoleucine (8.61%), Leucine (6.73%), Methionine (4.82%), Threonine (3.90%), Valine (1.73%), Histidine (1.92%), and non-essential amino acids were Aspertic acid (4.40%), Tyrosine (6.67%), Glutamic acid (4.34%), Glycine (4.94%), Arginine (2.44%), Serine (4.46%). In the study a protein supplementary food product, cake, was prepared by blending JFS flour with wheat flour. six sets of cakes were prepared at a ratio of 50(WC), 40:10(WJC1), 30:20(WJC2), 25:25(WJC3), 20:30(WJC4), 15:35(WJC5) by mixing wheat flour and JFS flour respectively. From proximate composition analysis and sensory evaluation of prepared cakes, WJC3 was found to contain a higher amount of protein, 13.50% and greater acceptability. Microbiological analysis showed that in WJC3 the presence of microorganisms (Total Viable Count, Coli form and Yeast &Mould) was within the range for safety indication of bakery products. So, the protein supplementary food using JFS flour is completely safe to eat without using any preservatives.

Sensory Acceptability of Sorghum Peanut Blend (SPB) and Corn Soy Blend Plus (CSB+) By Young Children With Moderate Acute Malnutrition in Karamoja, Uganda

<p>Sorghum peanut blend (SPB) and corn soy blend plus (CSB+) are highly nutritious supplementary food products. SPB is formulated using local food items while CSB+ is a traditional product donated by World Food Programme to malnourished children in Uganda. The acceptability of SPB and CSB+ among children and caretakers was studied in northeastern Uganda. A 5-point hedonic scale was used to evaluate the caretakers’ sensory preferences for the two supplementary diets. A four-day central tasting, two weeks home use trial, and exit interviews were carried out. Sensory attributes of both food supplements had a rank of > 4. Taste varied (<em>P < 0.05</em>) with the food type. CSB+ had a higher (<em>P < 0.05</em>) taste score than SPB. Other attributes were not statistically different. During central tasting, about 100% of the served porridge was consumed by the children. Feeding duration of 300 mL of porridge was 8.14 min for CSB+ and 8.24 min for SPB. Over the two weeks home use trial, 98.4% of SPB and 98.1% of CSB+ of the provided rations were consumed. The quantities of food consumed were above the recommended acceptability level of ? 75%. Reported allergic and intolerance cases were below the 10% threshold. Both food supplements were found to be acceptable to children.</p> <p><strong> </strong></p>

Development, Acceptability, and Nutritional Characteristics of a Low-Cost, Shelf-Stable Supplementary Food Product for Vulnerable Groups in Kenya

Food-based approaches have been advocated as the best strategies to curb hunger and malnutrition in developing countries. The use of low-cost, locally available, nutritious foods in the development of supplementary foods has been recommended. To develop low-cost food supplements using different traditionally processed local foods, consisting of cereals, legumes, nuts, fish, and vegetables, to meet the nutrient requirements for vulnerable groups in Kenya. Four food supplements were developed and evaluated by taste panel procedures. The product containing amaranth grain, pigeon pea, sweet potato, groundnuts, and brown sugar was found to be the most acceptable supplement. Evaluation of nutritional composition, shelf-life, and cost analysis of the acceptable supplement was carried out to assess if it could satisfactorily provide more than 50% of the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) of the basic nutrients for vulnerable groups. The acceptable supplement contained 453.2 kcal energy, 12.7 g crude protein, 54.3 g soluble carbohydrates, 20.8 g crude fat, and 10.1 g crude fiber per 110 g. The micronutrient contents were 93.0 mg calcium, 172.4 mg magnesium, 2.7 mg zinc, 5.7 mg iron, 0.8 mg vitamin B₁, 0.2 mg vitamin B₂, 7.9 mg niacin, 100 microg folic acid, and 140 microg retinol equivalent per 110 g. The supplement also contained 21% total essential amino acid in addition to appreciable levels of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and alpha-linolenic fatty acids. The shelf-life study showed that it could be stored in different packaging materials (polythene bags, gunny bags, and kraft paper) at 26°C without deleterious effects on its chemical composition for up to 4 months. Cost analysis of the supplement indicated that the product could be competitively sold at US$0.812/kg (KES 65.50/kg). Locally available indigenous foods can be used in the formulation of acceptable, low-cost, shelf-stable, nutritious supplementary foods for vulnerable groups.

바실러스 발효대사물이 함유된 신규 칼슘보충용식품의 성장기 쥐 장골 성장촉진효과

기존 칼슘보충용식품의 성장촉진효능을 증진시키기 위하여 칼슘흡수 관여 물질인 γ-PGA를 다량 생산하는 Bacillus subtilis SE4 균주를 선발하였다. 선발된 B. subtilis SE4의 발효대사물을 기존 칼슘보충용식품에 첨가하여 성장기 수컷 흰쥐에 28일간 경구투여 한 결과 발효대사물이 첨가된 신규칼슘보충용식품군에서 혈청 내 IGF-Ⅰ 함량이 대조군이나 기존칼슘보충용식품군에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p＜0.05). 일일증체량, 일일사료섭취량, 장골길이, 장골 무게, 장골폭 등의 성장관련 지표에서도 장골의 길이와 일부 부위별 두께에서의 유의적 결과를 포함하여 전반적으로 신규칼슘보충용식품군이 대조군과 기존칼슘보충용식품군에 비해 양호한 성적을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 기존칼슘보충용식품에 발효대사물을 첨가함으로써 나타난 칼슘의 생체흡수율 증대 및 성장호르몬의 분비활성화 등 여러 성장관련요인들이 흰쥐 성장에 긍정적으로 작용한 때문으로 생각되어진다.

Reactions with phenolic substances can induce changes in some physico‐chemical properties and activities of bromelain – the consequences for supplementary food products

SummaryBromelain was allowed to react with phenolic compounds. The activity and selected physico‐chemical properties of the resulting derivatives were characterized. In vitro experiments showed that the proteolytic activity of bromelain was inhibited. Bromelain also serves as a food protein, because food stuffs based on pineapple contain relatively high concentrations of bromelain. In vitro digestion of bromelain derivatives with the main proteolytic enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract was also adversely affected. A covalent attachment of the phenolic compounds was identified at the tryptophan, free amino (lysines and N‐terminal) and thiol groups of bromelain. A decrease in solubility of the derivatives was observed. The isoelectric point was shifted to lower pH values and high molecular weight fractions were identified. All effects observed depended on the reactivity of the phenolic substances. Two supplementary food products containing both bromelain and quercetin were also tested in terms of their proteolytic activity and digestibility.

Optimum timing and placement of a supplementary food spray Envirofeast® for the establishment of predatory insects of Helicoverpa spp. in cotton systems in Australia

Investigations to determine the optimum timing and placement of a supplementary food spray, Envirofeast® on the abundance of predatory insects on cotton was conducted in irrigated commercial cotton fields at Yarral near Narrabri, New South Wales, Australia, in 1998 v - v 99. Plots treated with the supplementary food product at the four-true leaf stage recorded a significantly higher number of predatory beetles, bugs and lacewings per metre compared with plots treated at two, six and eight-true leaf stages and unsprayed (control) plots. The cumulative total number of predatory beetles, bugs and lacewings recorded throughout the season in both treated and control plots was 23.81 per m. Of this total, plots treated at four true leaf stage recorded the highest (7.15 per v m) (i.e 30.03%), followed by two true leaf (5.81 per m) (24.41%), six true-leaf (4.31 per v m (18.12%), eight true-leaf stage (4.63 per v m) (i.e. 19.44%) and the unsprayed (control) plot recorded the lowest (1.91 per m (8.03%). The number of spiders per metre were not significantly different ( p v > v 0.05) among treatments and the control plots. The number of predators recorded in cotton crops treated with the supplementary food product as a band spray (33 v - v 50% band) or skip row spray (i.e. to every second row) was not significantly different ( p v > v 0.05) from plots where the product was applied as a solid spray to the entire crop (no skip row and/or no banding). Thus, tailoring Envirofeast® treatment in this way will ultimately reduce the quantity of product used, the cost of the product and allow cotton growers to adopt a multiple-use pattern for the product to support integrated pest management programmes in cotton.

The integration of psychosocial components in nutrition education in northeastern Thai villages.

The impact of a series of interactive video nutrition education programmes was studied in northeastern villages in Thailand. One of the five modules (VTR-4) was particularly child development oriented, aimed at creating maternal awareness of the child as an individual with early perceptual ability, importance of mother-child interaction, play and supplementary feeding. Village mothers with children under two years old were interviewed individually prior to the introduction of the media and at two, ten and 14 months later when the VTR-4 had been shown three, four and seven times, respectively in each village. A supplementary food product was produced and made commercially available at a low cost. Four hundred and seventy-eight men, 930 women and 3, 225 school children watched the VTR-4. Nutritional status of the children, maternal knowledge and attitude towards child rearing were assessed as well as some aspects of practice observed during home visits. There was a significant improvement in maternal awareness of infants' perceptual abilities, knowledge and attitude toward breast feeding, childplay and play materials and supplementary feeding, especially a more positive approach to tongue thrusting. Random observation during home visits revealed some changes in accordance with the media, i.e., mother-child interaction, existing play materials and the type of cradle used. Significant difference was also noted in the percentage of mothers intending to give their next baby colostrum compared to the control group at post tests 2 and 3. Although the prevalence of malnutrition among those under two years old in these villages has not decreased significantly during the study period, it was clear that the integration of psychosocial components into nutrition education had a considerable impact on maternal knowledge, attitudes and some aspects of child-rearing practice.

Marketing supplementary food products in LDCs: A case study in Morocco

Developing country governments as well as a number of international agencies have become directly involved in the past two decades in the production and marketing of supplementary food products. This article discusses the Moroccan government's involvement in introducing a weaning food targeted for elaborates on the factors which contributed contributedm to the failure of this and other similar ventures, while drawing attention to the important low-income Moroccan children. It role that marketing plays in launching socially desirable food products in developing country environments.