Superior Energy Absorption Capability Research Articles

3D printing of biomimetic liquid crystal elastomers with enhanced energy absorption capacities

Spider dragline silks are noted for their unmatched toughness, which arises from their unique primary structure. However, the underlying mechanisms of this toughness have seldom been verified using synthetic structural materials. Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are polymer networks with mechanical properties bearing high resemblances to those of spider silks, and are ideal material for mimicking the primary structure of spider silk and revealing its toughing mechanisms. This study introduces a LCEs-based energy absorption structure that mimics the primary structure of spider dragline silks via 3D printing method. This LCEs-based biomimetic structure offers superior toughness and energy absorption capabilities with a damping capacity of 90%, significantly surpassing that of both artificial and biological viscoelastic materials. We successfully demonstrated that the biological primary structure provides the highest energy absorption capacity than other structures. This superior energy absorption capability was examined through hysteresis tests and then validated through intuitive ball free-falling tests. The work will illuminate a new pathway in the development of kinetic energy buffering and absorption materials.

Design and structural optimization of an assembled re-entrant auxetic structure

Abstract Auxetics represent a class of metamaterials that possess the unique quality of exhibiting a negative Poisson ratio. Considering the fact that the cross-section is reduced during compressive loadings, this class of materials and structures exhibit superior energy absorption capabilities in impact loadings, as the density of the material increases near the contact region. In this study, a novel approach in obtaining re-entrant auxetic structures is presented, consisting of the assembly and joining of components with simple geometries, that can be manufactured through conventional means (as opposed to additive manufacturing). The dimensions and aspect ratios of the structural members was evaluated numerically in order to obtain the optimal stiffness and strength values for a given mass. The design aspect also included special features that allows the assembly through shape, which facilitates the subsequent joining operation (welding or brazing).

Crashworthiness Investigations for 3D-Printed Multi-Layer Multi-Topology Engineering Resin Lattice Materials.

In comparison to monolithic materials, cellular solids have superior energy absorption capabilities. Of particular interest within this category are the periodic lattice materials, which offer repeatable and highly customizable behavior, particularly in combination with advances in additive manufacturing technologies. In this paper, the crashworthiness of engineering multi-layer, multi-topology (MLMT) resin lattices is experimentally examined. First, the response of a single- and three-layer single topology cubic and octet lattices, at a relative density of 30%, is investigated. Then, the response of MLMT lattices is characterized and compared to those single-topology lattices. Crashworthiness data were collected for all topology arrangements, finding that while the three-layer cubic and octet lattices were capable of absorbing 9.8 J and 7.8 J, respectively, up to their respective densification points, the unique MLMT lattices were capable of absorbing more: 19.0 J (octet-cube-octet) and 22.4 J (cube-octet-cube). These values are between 94% and 187% greater than the single-topology clusters of the same mass.

Mechanical Characteristics of Multi-Level 3D-Printed Silicone Foams.

Three-dimensional-printed silicone rubber foams, with their designable and highly ordered pore structures, have shown exceptional potential for engineering applications, particularly in areas requiring energy absorption and cushioning. However, optimizing the mechanical properties of these foams through structural design remains a significant challenge. This study addresses this challenge by formulating the research question: How do different 3D-printed topologies and printing parameters affect the mechanical properties of silicone rubber foams, and how can we design a novel topological structure? To answer this, we explored the mechanical behavior of two common structures-simple cubic (SC) and face-centered tetragonal (FCT)-by varying printing parameters such as filament spacing, filament diameter, and layer height. Furthermore, we proposed a novel two-level 3D-printed structure, combining SC and FCT configurations to enhance performance. The results demonstrated that the two-level SC-SC structure exhibited a specific energy absorption of 8.2 to 21.0 times greater than the SC structure and 2.3 to 7.2 times greater than the FCT structure. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the design of 3D-printed silicone rubber foams, offering a promising approach to developing advanced cushioning materials with superior energy absorption capabilities.

Energy absorption of foam-filled TPMS-based tubular lattice structures subjected to quasi-static lateral crushing

Aluminium foam and TPMS-based tubular lattice structures (T-TLS) were of interest due to their superior energy absorption capabilities and inherent lightweight characteristics. However, their synergistic functionality in a composite form remained unexplored. In pursuit of augmenting the crashworthiness characteristics, aluminum foam was filled into T-TLS to form foam-filled T-TLS. FE models were established and validated using lateral crushing experiments. Foam-filled T-TLS exhibited higher energy absorption (EA) compared to the sum of empty T-TLS and foam filler, primarily attributed to the interaction between T-TLS and foam filler. Compared to single circular filled tubes (SCFT) with the same outer sizes and mass, foam-filled T-TLS revealed markedly enhanced crashworthiness, with EA and SEA values being 3.5–3.9 times and 4.0–4.7 times that of SCFT, respectively. Subsequently, parametric investigations underscored the evident influences of relative densities of T-TLS and foam filler, tube thickness and diameter on crashworthiness of foam-filled T-TLS. Finally, a multi-objective optimization was performed to derive optimized configurations by using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) and radial basis function (RBF) metamodels. In comparison with the baseline designs, the optimal results demonstrated significant enhancements in crashworthiness, with SEA increasing by 173.3 to 206.6 %. The present work provided a new paradigm in the design and development of advanced energy absorbers characterized by high-efficiency energy dissipation under lateral impact scenarios.

Efficient energy absorption of bio-inspired bi-directional gradient hierarchical multi-cell structure

This research proposes a novel bio-inspired bi-directional gradient hierarchical multi-cell (BGHM) structure for efficient energy absorption. Its dynamic crushing performance and energy absorption behaviours are comprehensively investigated through numerical simulations and theoretical analysis. Extensive numerical simulations are conducted on the proposed BGHM structure with varying hierarchical orders and masses. The obtained results demonstrate that the specific energy absorption of the third-order BGHM tube is significantly improved, exhibiting a 110% increase compared to the zero-order BGHM tube. Additionally, the undulation of the loading resistance of the third-order BGHM tube decreased by up to 93.0% when compared to a conventional square tube, highlighting the tremendous potential of BGHM tubes for the development of highly effective energy absorbers. In addition, a new trigger mechanism using the pre-crushing method can eliminate the initial peak crushing force of the BGHM, demonstrating the promising potential of triggers in optimizing the crashworthiness of energy absorbers. Furthermore, a comparative analysis reveals that the specific energy absorption of the BGHM outperforms other existing hierarchical multi-cell square tubes in literature. This underscores the superior energy absorption capabilities of the proposed BGHM. To complement the numerical findings, a theoretical study on the proposed BGHM's mean crushing force is carried out. The results from this theoretical study show excellent agreement with the numerical results and further validate the efficacy of the proposed design. The findings indicate that the bio-inspired bi-directional gradient hierarchy incorporated in the BGHM structure offers promising prospects for advancements in energy absorption technology across various industries.

Multimaterial extrusion of programmable periodic filament structures via modularly designed extruder heads

There is a growing interest in patterning multimaterial structures into one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional motifs with spatially programmable inner structures. Harnessing material extrusion technology with customizable extruder heads greatly expands the possibilities of 3D printing to generate diverse multimaterial structures. However, the current choices of extruder heads are still limited largely due to the complexity in the design and fabrication of high-resolution microfluidic channels for multimaterial ink extrusion. Here, we report a modular strategy in multimaterial extrusion to program periodic structures and material compositions in printed objects. Our modular design greatly simplifies the design and manufacturing of multimaterial extruder heads to rapidly print complex multilayered architectures. Moreover, different extruder head modules can be combined in series or in parallel and different filament morphologies can be controlled by adjusting printing parameters such as flow rate and pressure. As exemplars, two immiscible materials with similar rheological properties but different mechanical properties are used for co-extrusion. The lamellar composite filaments and printed woodpile structures exhibit high toughness and superior energy-absorption capability, respectively. Our strategy provides new insights for the design of innovative filament structures for 3D printing and shows broad application prospects in tissue engineering, structural systems, optoelectronics, and beyond.

Effectiveness of composite energy dissipation restrainer on mitigating pounding and unseating failure of highway bridges

In earthquake-prone regions, large relative displacement between piers and girders may lead to pounding damage and unseating failure in highway bridges. To mitigate these effects, this study presents a composite energy dissipation restrainer (CEDR) that incorporates a composite energy tube (CET) as a fundamental component (comprising an aluminum honeycomb buffer and an expansion tube). The energy absorption characteristics of the CET are analyzed, and the influence of the aluminum honeycomb is thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, a design procedure and mechanical model for the CEDR, considering rare earthquakes, are developed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed design method and the behavior of limiting displacement of the CEDR are demonstrated through nonlinear time history analysis of an implemented project. The results reveal that the aluminum honeycomb buffer exhibits superior energy absorption capability, enhancing buffering efficiency and reducing damage. Compared to common cable-type restrainers (CCR), the CEDR reduces the relative peak displacement of the bridge by 40%, decreases the frequency of reciprocating displacement by 30% on average, and mitigates impacts on the abutment by 80%.

Lightweight cellular multifunctional metamaterials with superior low-frequency sound absorption, broadband energy harvesting and high load-bearing capacity

Multifunctional materials are highly desired for the design of compact engineering structures, such as aircraft where weight reduction, sound absorption, load carrying, and energy harvesting are key considerations. However, design challenge remains in the balance of multiple functionalities. Here, we combine the sandwich structure with the neck-embedded cavities to design a cellular metamaterial having sound-absorption, compression/impact resistance and energy harvesting functionalities. For sound absorption, an autoencoder-like neural network is constructed to generate an instant design, after which a probabilistic module is inserted to optimize it by searching solutions in a slightly expanded design space. This inverse design has been experimentally validated, showing broadband sound absorption from 400 to 650 Hz merely with nine ultra-thin resonators. Beyond serving as absorber, the resonant cavities, once installed with well-tuned piezoelectric membranes, can gather broadband acoustic energy at low frequencies. Additionally, the cellular metamaterial inherits the excellent mechanical properties of honeycomb cores, having a low density of 0.64 g/cm3 yet displaying a high yield strength (21.2 MPa) in out-of-plane compression test and a superior energy absorption capability (8.6 J/cm3) in low-velocity impact tests. This work presents an effective approach to design lightweight metamaterials of superior mechanical and acoustic functionalities highly sought-after in practical engineering.

Experimental and numerical investigation on the crashworthiness performance of double hat‐section Al‐CFRP beam subjected to quasi‐static bending test

AbstractNowadays, hybrid structures, which combine low‐density composites with low‐cost thin‐walled metals, have shown great effect in enhancing the performance of automotive body structures, especially the energy absorber components. This study focuses on the experimental and numerical investigation of the bending energy absorption behavior of CFRP/aluminum hybrid double hat‐section beams used in the side part of the car body. In the experimental section, two types of double hat‐section beams were fabricated: aluminum and Al/CFRP. These beams were then subjected to quasi‐static three‐point bending tests. The results demonstrated that the hybrid beam exhibited superior energy absorption capabilities compared to the single beam. Subsequently, a finite element model was developed using LS‐Dyna software and was validated by comparing the experimental and numerical load–displacement results. In‐depth numerical analyses were conducted to investigate the influence of various design parameters, including CFRP‐reinforcement configuration, numbers of CFRP layers, CFRP ply‐angle, CFRP reinforced length, and aluminum/CFRP mass, on crashworthiness indicators. The numerical findings indicate that the hybrid beam with , ply‐angles exhibited better crash force efficiency (CFE) and specific energy absorption (SEA) compared to other ply‐angles, respectively. Furthermore, increasing the number of CFRP layers within the total beam's mass improved its energy absorption capacity. It was also revealed that the CFRP length on the upper and lower hats could be considered as 42.5% of the total aluminum beam length, as opposed to the full CFRP length, providing enhanced energy absorption capabilities.Highlights Bending behavior of the Al and Al/CFRP double hat section beams. Effects of variable thickness and identical mass on the double hat section beam. Effects of variable ply angle and number of CFRP layers on the hybrid beams. Discrete effect of CFRP reinforcement configurations and inner CFRP lengths.

Crashworthiness study of aluminum foam-filled tubular lattice structures based on triply periodic minimal surface metamaterials under lateral crushing

Owing to their superior energy absorption capabilities and lightweight characteristics, both aluminum foam and tubular lattice structures based on triply periodic minimal surfaces (named T-TLS) had attracted a lot of attention. However, they had never functioned together in combination. Accordingly, aluminum foam was filled into T-TLS to form foam-filled T-TLS with the aim of enhancing the energy absorption performance, and their mechanical properties under lateral crushing were experimentally and numerically studied. Quasi-static lateral crushing experiments were firstly performed on the empty T-TLS, cylindrical foam filler, and foam-filled T-TLS to obtain deformation modes, force–displacement responses, and crashworthiness parameters. The experimental results indicated that filling aluminum foam changed the deformation mode from a four-hinge mode to a six-hinge mode. Moreover, foam-filled T-TLS displayed significantly enhanced energy absorption performance attributed to the interaction between T-TLS and aluminum foam, as evidenced by higher energy absorption (EA) and specific energy absorption (SEA). Subsequently, validated finite element (FE) models of foam-filled T-TLS were developed to further reveal their crushing responses and crashworthiness performances. Numerical results revealed evident influences of relative densities of T-TLS and foam filler on the deformation mode and energy absorption performance. The competition in stiffness between T-TLS and foam filler led to three distinct deformation modes. Finally, a multi-objective optimization was carried out to derive optimized configurations for foam-filled T-TLS subjected to lateral crushing. In comparison with the baseline designs, the optimal results demonstrated enhanced crashworthiness, with the SEA value increasing by 40.6 to 97.3%.

Crashworthiness investigations for 3D printed multi-layer multi-topology carbon fiber nylon lattice materials

Cellular solids have superior energy absorption capabilities as compared to monolithic materials. Within this category of materials, lattice materials are of particular interest since their periodicity offers repeatable – and thus predictable – behavior. In combination with the advancements in additive manufacturing technologies, these lattice materials can be highly customized for a desired response. In this paper, the crashworthiness of unique multi-layer, multi-topology (MLMT) lattices is investigated. First, the nylon-carbon fiber composite material properties within a developed numerical model were tuned based on strut orientation. Then, the response of single-layer and three-layer cubic and octet lattices was investigated, where all lattices were designed with a relative density of 30%. Following the characterization of single-topology lattices, the response of MLMT lattices were investigated. Stress-strain, efficiency-strain, and multiple crashworthiness parameter data was collected for all lattices to facilitate in the comparison of those lattices. It was found that, experimentally, the unique MLMT lattices did not absorb more energy than their constituent layers combined, though modifications to the interface between layers could increase the energy absorption capability; the prediction of energy absorption of the MLMT lattices based on constituent layers was similar to actual numerical results. As all lattices were designed at the same relative density, the mass-specific energy absorption of the cubic-octet-cubic MLMT lattice (1.56 x103 J/kg) outperforms the single-topology octet lattice by 19% to 36% (1.15–1.31 x103 J/kg). While the octet-cubic-octet MLMT lattice (0.71 x103 J/kg) is outperformed by the single-topology cubic lattices (1.69–3.76 x103 J/kg), they see an increase of 59% to 77% in plateau stress (5.1–9.2 MPa) as compared to the MLMT lattice (2.1 MPa).

Self-similar hierarchical honeycombs in two different fractal layouts: A comparative study of the in-plane crushing behaviors

This paper provides a new avenue for the development of cellular structures. By mimicking the chemical structural formula of the TpPB-Fe coordination polymer, a new self-similar hierarchical honeycomb was proposed. With respect to the existing self-similar hierarchical honeycomb in the literature which was constructed by replacing every three-edge vertex of the regular hexagonal honeycomb with a smaller hexagon, the new one is created by setting the fractal position at the midpoint of the cell walls of the regular hexagonal honeycomb. What I am really curious about is the difference in mechanical properties between the two self-similar hierarchical honeycombs. Finite element (FE) model was first built and validated by comparing against the existing theoretical data. Subsequently, the in-plane crushing behaviors of the honeycombs under different impact velocities were fully investigated by FE simulations. The deformation modes, plateau stress as well as the energy absorption capability of the honeycombs were studied. Different macroscopic and microscopic deformation patterns between the two hierarchical honeycombs were observed. The plateau stress of the new hierarchical honeycomb is higher than that of both the existing counterpart and the basic regular hexagonal one. Under low- and medium-velocity impact loading, the new honeycomb with low fractal ratio (α) has superior energy absorption capability with respect to the existing counterpart and the basic regular hexagonal one. However, the new honeycomb will lose its advantage in energy absorption when the fractal ratio or the impact velocity is large.

Dynamic compressive behavior of high-strength engineered geopolymer composites

As a low-carbon geopolymer material, Engineered Geopolymer Composite (EGC) possesses high tensile ductility, holding tremendous potential for structural construction and reinforcement. However, the dynamic behavior of EGC has not been fully explored. In this study, the effect of various fiber lengths (6 mm, 12 mm, 18 mm) on the dynamic compressive response of EGC was investigated by Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) test. The findings indicated that as the fiber length increases, the workability and compressive strength of EGC decrease, while the tensile strength improves. In comparison to geopolymer matrix, EGC specimens exhibited a more significant strain rate sensitivity under impact loading, and fiber length had a notable effect on strain rate sensitivity. By adjusting the length of incorporated fibers, it was observed that EGC with 12 mm fibers demonstrated the highest dynamic compressive strength and dynamic increase factor (DIF), along with superior energy absorption capability. A modified CEB-FIP model was proposed to describe the dynamic behavior of high-strength EGC. The proposed model for DIF provides valuable guidance for optimizing EGC design and application.

A bio-inspired auxetic metamaterial with two plateau regimes: Compressive properties and energy absorption

Auxetics are a unique class of materials that exhibit a negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) owing to their distinguish deformation behavior. However, some auxetics are either weak in their in-plane directions and/or deform non-uniformly under quasi-static compression, resulting in inferior mechanical performance. This study aims to develop an auxetic metamaterial with relatively uniform deformation pattern and superior energy absorption capability. Inspired by the geometry of a butterfly, a novel auxetic metamaterial, namely, butterfly-shaped auxetic metamaterial (BSAM), was developed. The in-plane compressive performances of the proposed metamaterial were experimentally and numerically investigated. Polyamide11 specimens were 3D printed using Multi Jet Fusion (MJF). NPRs were observed during the compression along both directions. The compressed BSAM revealed two distinctive plateau regimes in its nominal stress-strain curves. Influences of specific parameters on the mechanical performance and energy absorption of the BSAM were numerically examined. Moreover, when BSAM was compressed along the Y direction, the specific energy absorption outperformed that of BSAM compressed along the X direction. A comparative study was carried out using the validated numerical models between the proposed metamaterial (BSAM) and two other popular auxetic honeycombs: re-entrant and anti-tetrachiral. Young's moduli and plateau stresses of the BSAM were significantly surpasses those of the two honeycombs. Moreover, the specific energy absorption per unit mass (SEA) were 2.4 and 3.2 times that of re-entrant honeycomb when they were compressed along the X and Y directions, respectively. Meanwhile, the SEA of the BSAM in the X and Y directions were 2.1 and 2.7 times that of the anti-tetrachiral honeycomb. The exquisite geometric configurations of the BSAM revealed distinguished and controllable mechanical properties which could sheds light on the possibility to design bio-inspired metamaterial with multi plateau regimes and energy absorption capacities for specific applications.

Compression and energy absorption characteristics of short fiber‐reinforced 2D composite lattices made by material extrusion

AbstractWith the advent of additive manufacturing, lattice structures have been of increasing interest for engineering applications involving light‐weighting and energy absorption. Several studies have investigated mechanical properties of various lattices made up of mostly unreinforced polymers and lack numerical analysis for reinforced lattice structures. In this paper, mechanical response of short fiber reinforced lattice structures under compression is investigated through experiments and numerical simulations. Three different 2D lattices namely, square grid, honeycomb, and isogrid along with their rotated counterparts were fabricated using 15% wt carbon fiber‐acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and experimentally evaluated through uniaxial compression testing up to 30% strain. As simulations on fiber‐reinforced lattices under large compressive strains are rarely performed and published, finite element models accounting for fiber orientation induced anisotropic mechanical properties and geometrical imperfections were developed to predict the stress–strain characteristics up to 30% compressive strains. The stress–strain curves predicted from the numerical simulations matches well with the experimental responses for various lattice geometries. Various failure mechanisms such as thin strut buckling, contact within the lattice, and fracture of struts under large deformation were investigated. Analyzing energy absorption characteristics of these lattices revealed that the honeycomb structures in horizontal configuration exhibits superior energy absorption capability.

Ballistic impact response of elastomer-retrofitted corrugated core sandwich panels

The ballistic impact resistance of metallic corrugated sandwich panels retrofitted with elastomeric coating (polyurea) is investigated through combined experimental and numerical efforts. Dynamic penetration process, failure mechanisms, ballistic limit velocity, and perforation energy threshold of polyurea-coated sandwich panels are firstly elucidated via experiments and then compared with those of non-coated sandwich panels. Subsequently, based upon a user-defined compressible model of polyurea, three-dimensional finite element (FE) simulations of both non-coated and coated sandwich panels are carried out to analyze the ballistic impact response, interrogate the energy absorption mechanisms, and assess the influence of coating position/thickness and projectile rigidity on ballistic performance. Excellent agreement between experimental measurements and numerical predictions is achieved. It is demonstrated that the presence of a sufficiently thick (e.g., ∼15 mm) impact-side elastomeric coating helps to curtail the kinetic energy of flat-ended projectiles, thus enhancing the penetration resistance considerably. The use of a thicker and impact-side coating is favored owing to its superior energy absorption capability. It is also ascertained that the effectiveness of polyurea coating in resisting rigid, flat-ended projectiles is much more remarkable relative to deformable, conical ones. Further, retrofitting an all-metallic sandwich panel with elastomeric coating broadens its multifunctionality significantly, enabling it to simultaneously carry structural loads, mitigate impact and blast loadings, and resist projectile penetration, at a minimal increase in fabrication cost and structural mass. The insights of this study provide a potential new avenue for enhancing the ballistic impact resistance as well as multifunctional attributes of all-metallic sandwich construction.

Compression and energy absorption properties of the truss-like lightweight materials based on symmetric groups

Truss-like lightweight materials (TLMs) have been widely used in aeronautics and astronautics, because of excellent mechanical property and superior energy absorption capability. The design of TLMs’ meso-structures was a critical task to improve its performance. Hence, a structure design method based on the symmetric groups was proposed for TLMs, and a novel hexagonal prism TLM’s meso-structure was deduced by the symmetric and translational operations of the space group P6mm. To investigate the performance of the novel TLM, the mechanical analysis model was established. The predictive equations of compression performance was proposed based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The stress distribution of the novel TLM’s meso-structure under compression load was discussed by the finite element analysis method, and its compression and energy absorption properties were investigated. The simulation results were in agreement with the predictive results. In addition, the common FCC and BCC TLMs were discussed using the symmetry group analysis method, and their compression properties were predicted. The results showed that the proposed novel TLM in this study had better compression property than BCC and FCC TLMs at the same relative density.

Comparison of different quasi-static loading conditions of additively manufactured composite hexagonal and auxetic cellular structures

Auxetic cellular structures have the potential to revolutionise sandwich panel cores due to their potential superior energy absorption capability. Because of their negative Poisson's ratio, auxetics behave counterintuitively and contract orthogonally under an applied compressive force, resulting in a densification of material in the vicinity of the applied load. This study investigates three cellular structures and compares their compressive energy absorbing characteristics under in-plane and axial loading conditions. Three unit cell topologies are considered; a conventional hexagonal, re-entrant and double arrowhead auxetic structures. The samples were additively manufactured using two different materials, a conventional Nylon and a carbon fibre reinforced composite alternative (Onyx). Finite element simulations are experimentally validated under out of and in-plane loading conditions and the double arrowhead (auxetic) structure is shown to exhibit comparatively superior energy absorption. For the carbon fibre reinforced material, Onyx, the specific energy absorbed by the double arrowhead geometry was 125% and 244% greater than the hexagonal (non-auxetic) and re-entrant (auxetic) structures respectively.

Mechanical properties of functionally graded rotating lattice structures fabricated with SLM process

Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) based sheet lattice structure, especially the Diamond sheet structure, has higher strength than traditional TPMS network lattice structure. However, the mechanical properties of sheet lattice structures with rotating orientation should be further investigated to utilize the unique properties of lattice structure fully. In this paper, the structure with a graded rotation angle from 0° to 45° (DGRS) is designed and manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). Then, the mechanical properties of DGRS are compared with that of other lattice samples, namely, non-rotating structure (DNS) and the structure with a uniform rotation angle of 45° along the x- axis (DRS). The experimental results demonstrate that DGRS has the highest plateau stress and more stable stress variation at the post-yield stage than other samples. The numerical simulation exhibits dispersive equivalent stress distribution in DGRS, which could alleviate the local stress concentration in the joint area of the lattice structure. Additionally, DGRS shows superior energy absorption capability.