Superficial Elements Research Articles

HURI: Hybrid user risk identification in social networks

The massive adoption of social networks increased the need to analyze users’ data and interactions to detect and block the spread of propaganda and harassment behaviors, as well as to prevent actions influencing people towards illegal or immoral activities. In this paper, we propose HURI, a method for social network analysis that accurately classifies users as safe or risky, according to their behavior in the social network. Specifically, the proposed hybrid approach leverages both the topology of the network of interactions and the semantics of the content shared by users, leading to an accurate classification also in the presence of noisy data, such as users who may appear to be risky due to the topic of their posts, but are actually safe according to their relationships. The strength of the proposed approach relies on the full and simultaneous exploitation of both aspects, giving each of them equal consideration during the combination phase. This characteristic makes HURI different from other approaches that fully consider only a single aspect and graft partial or superficial elements of the other into the first. The achieved performance in the analysis of a real-world Twitter dataset shows that the proposed method offers competitive performance with respect to eight state-of-the-art approaches.

Wittgenstein & het logisch empiricisme. Een gespannen verhouding

Wittgenstein & logical empiricism Rudolf Carnap and Ludwig Wittgenstein share many philosophical interests: an admiration of Frege’s formal logic, an anti-metaphysical stance and a modernist aesthetic aimed at removing superficial elements from discourse or thought. Despite their shared interests, Carnap and Wittgenstein ended their interaction in a plagiarism dispute. In this essay, I discuss which metaphilosophical reasons lie behind their dispute. I argue that Wittgenstein’s overarching philosophical project stood in direct conflict with Carnap’s. First, Wittgenstein never accepted that there are meaningful sentences about the language of science. Thus, there could be no meaningful reflection on science, and this nullified Carnap’s Logic of Science project. Second, Wittgenstein had an overall disdain for Carnap’s desire, as displayed in the Manifesto and the Aufbau, to reform philosophical activity as a part of science itself in tandem with a general reform of the place science in society.

ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ЗОБРАЖЕНЬ І СИМВОЛІЗМУ ХРЕСТА В ХРИСТИЯНСТВІ

The article examines the general formation aspects of the cross image and its place in the Christian mythology through the evolution of its attributes and symbolism from the point of view of various movements and denominations since the ancient times the Christianity up to the present day. The author tries to establish the relationship between the semiotic content of the cross' superficial elements and the doctrinal features of the denominations that these elements reflect. In particular, the article provides a historical analysis of the most common forms of the cross, in order to determine the most authentic form from the evangelical point of view. In addition to analyzing the evolution of the external attributes, the author considers the changes in the spiritual and symbolic content of the cross at the universal level, and emphasizes the difference between the concepts of the "cross" and the "crucifix" at the semantic level. The author shares the opinion that the crucifix is not a type of the cross, but it is rather one of its elements that does not depend on the cross' form or shape. It is rather one of the supplementary attributes, in addition to the shape, that indicate the belonging of the image to a particular denomination of the Christianity, and therefore have a deep symbolic content. The article also argues that the primary meaning of the cross, the embodiment of the spiritual redemption for all the humanity through the physical suffering of Jesus Christ, remains an invariant despite the attributive or conceptual changes of its various forms. At the same time, the author refers to the scientific articles of diverse foreign authors, as well as to the comprehensive works of a number of prominent Ukrainian and foreign researchers in this field, in particular, Lubsky V. I., Schaff P., Barroso P. and others. However, the most important role in building the author's argumentation was played by researching and analysing the primary sources, i. e. the New and the Old Testaments.

Characterizing the Structural Behavior of FRP Profiles-FRCM Hybrid Superficial Elements: Experimental and Numerical Studies.

Composite materials have been increasingly used to produce hybrid structures together with concrete. This system is commonly applied to bridges and roof structures. The main idea of the current research was to extend this approach by replacing the concrete with a fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composite, resulting in a combination of composite materials. The main aim was to characterize the structural behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) profiles and FRCM hybrid superficial elements. Two different prototypes of the hybrid superficial structural typology were tested to cover bidimensional and three-dimensional application cases of the proposed technology. After mortar cracking, the experimental results revealed a ductile response and a high mechanical capacity. A finite element model was implemented, calibrated, and validated by comparing numerical data with experimental results of the two prototypes. The output was a validated model that correctly captured the characteristic response of the proposed technology, which consisted of changing the structural response from a stiff plate configuration to a membrane type due to cracking of the FRCM composite part of the full solution. The suggested numerical model adequately reflected the experimental response and proved valuable for understanding and explaining the resistive processes established along this complicated FRP-FRCM hybrid structure.

Beyond connectivity: An exploration of expert perspectives on conservation corridors

Corridors and connectivity have become prominent ideas within international conservation discourse. There is a considerable body of literature on the practice and impact of corridors, identifying various social, ecological and conceptual challenges with their implementation. However, there is relatively little inquiry into the perspectives of professional conservation stakeholders who are instrumental in interpreting policy and enacting corridors on the ground. Such research is needed to help understand why corridors often play out in unexpected ways while seemingly enjoying near universal support from the conservation community. Drawing on the concepts of the boundary object and discourse coalitions, this study uses Q methodology to discern three professional perspectives on conservation corridors in Tanzania: we name these Righteous Corridors, Imposed Corridors, and Instrumental Corridors. Conservationists aligning with each of these perspectives see the corridor differently: as a remnant of a formerly wild Tanzania, as an unimaginative and ultimately unhelpful manifestation of ‘business as usual’ conservation, and as an imperfect but important tool for achieving people-friendly ecological connectivity. The three different perspectives share an ambivalence towards notions of nature and naturalness which are not adequately expressed or made explicit within mainstream conservation discourse on corridors. In fact, debate on superficial elements of corridor management detract from these fundamental questions on corridor meaning and materiality, fuelling the growing hegemony of the corridor. As the corridor strategy gathers momentum, it becomes increasingly important that differences in perspective are not hidden within false consensus, but rather openly and honestly debated to avoid foreclosure of possible alternatives.249 words.

Sample size, number of categories and sampling assumptions: Exploring some differences between categorization and generalization

Categorization and generalization are fundamentally related inference problems. Yet leading computational models of categorization (as exemplified by, e.g., Nosofsky, 1986) and generalization (as exemplified by, e.g., Tenenbaum and Griffiths, 2001) make qualitatively different predictions about how inference should change as a function of the number of items. Assuming all else is equal, categorization models predict that increasing the number of items in a category increases the chance of assigning a new item to that category; generalization models predict a decrease, or category tightening with additional exemplars. This paper investigates this discrepancy, showing that people do indeed perform qualitatively differently in categorization and generalization tasks even when all superficial elements of the task are kept constant. Furthermore, the effect of category frequency on generalization is moderated by assumptions about how the items are sampled. We show that neither model naturally accounts for the pattern of behavior across both categorization and generalization tasks, and discuss theoretical extensions of these frameworks to account for the importance of category frequency and sampling assumptions.

σ-sporadic prime ideals and superficial elements

Let $A$ be a Noetherian ring, $I$ be an ideal of $A$ and $sigma$ be a semi-prime operation, different from the identity map on the set of all ideals of $A$. Results of Essan proved that the sets of associated prime ideals of $sigma(I^n)$, which denoted by $Ass(A/sigma(I^n))$, stabilize to $A_{sigma}(I)$. We give some properties of the sets $S^{sigma}_{n}(I)=Ass(A/sigma(I^n))setminus A_{sigma}(I)$, with $n$ small, which are the sets of $sigma$-sporadic prime divisors of $I$.We also give some relationships between $sigma(f_I)$-superficial elements and asymptotic prime $sigma$-divisors, where $sigma (f_I)$ is the $sigma$-closure of the $I$-adic filtration $f_I=(I^n)_{ninmathbb{N}}$.

Processo de Mudança para uma Orientação Sustentável: Análise das Capacidades Adaptativas de Três Empresas Construtoras de Santa Maria-RS

The roots of sustainability reasoning lie in trying to change the mindset of people towards a different conception of life. In this way, corporations play an important role. However, the sustainable orientation that is based on a broad proposal is still being incipiently deployed in enterprises. The building sector, due to a perverse history with regard to impacts on the environment and on working conditions, has been targeted by government control. Thus, the present study addresses this issue by investigating how building companies are promoting the shift to a sustainable orientation. This objective is referred by means of the analysis by Zollo, Cennamo and Neumann’s (2013) model for three building companies in Santa Maria-RS, Brazil. Data analysis was based on content analysis technique in order to emphasize the particularities of sustainable initiatives practiced by companies. The applicability of this model is confirmed, as it focuses not only on more superficial elements of change but also on efforts to achieve more subtle, implicit and fundamental elements. The study’s findings are presented in terms of adaptive capabilities that indicate genuine desires to take change processes. We also expose the main difficulties faced by the companies and identify the focus of the firms’ activities in relation to the three dimensions of sustainability.

The Power of Words: Sarpi’s Use of Language in Making History

In the late sixteenth century, when the so-called baroque style spread across Europe, Paolo Sarpi eschewed the contemporary tendency and embraced an innovative narrative using parsimonious prose which, though it appears simple and plain, was a product of a careful selection of words with precise meanings. In my article, I demostrate how Sarpi inaugurated a new way of writing history, avoiding eccentric redundancy and excessive emphasis and originating a style in which thought and form corrisponded completely. My inquiry shows how Sarpi's writing ability became an important weapon in his condamnation of the supremacy of the Church of Rome and how his prose, shorn of adornment, repetition and superficial elements, laid the foundations of modern historiography.

구라타 햐쿠조의 『출가와 그 제자』에나타나 있는 ‘성결함’에 관하여

The Priest and His Disciples was written in 1916, but published in 1929 because Kurata Hyakuzo spent 13 years in hospital from that year. During the period, he gained a strong desire for seeking truth through a religious experience. After such painful experience, he steeped in the literature of pursuit for the truth of life. Kurata Hyakuzo was aspire to get a relief from a Zen-like way, which was most holy in life from the sense of crisis that had to feel the remaining lifetime. He tried to become a holy saint with the way of such relief. The holy love he insisted, is not a curse to all love that allowed a disciple of Buddha through prayer succeed internally the fate prescribed wishes and that he sought to be obtained. Moreover, the holy love is to protect the quality of his own soul to look up to himself in what it is possible to deepen as to consideration by the others sacrifice and patience. It is well-known love and Buddha by love holy to the ideal in this work, such as is saying that it does not want to lose the idealism and innocent life, by holy love, evil and sin will be saved. Therefore, in the life of Kurata Hyakuzo was internal than superficial elements like the importance of his work in the agony and pain to get salvation outside the sacred holy love, and it is thought that suggests that practice.

Praise and Self-Promotion in Ausonius’ Epistula 18

Ausonius’ poetic Epistula 18 (Green) appears on its surface to be nothing more than a trivial piece of flattery for Ausonius’ younger protégé, Paulinus of Nola, the letter’s addressee. That, in fact, is how it has been read for several centuries. Upon closer examination it becomes clear that the poem’s superficial elements of praise, though doubtless sincere enough in the admiration they express for Paulinus, conceal a (perhaps playful) second agenda in the poem: self-advertisement for Ausonius himself, in respect to both his political and his literary attainments. Ausonius carries out this agenda by means of poetic technique, multivalent use of words, and self-referential allusion to his own poetry. This short letter demonstrates the high level of sophistication attained by literary correspondents in Late Antiquity.

Lean Leadership – Fundamental Principles and their Application

Lean production systems (LPS) have become state of the art in today's production facilities. But still, few enterprises succeed in maintaining a sustainable continuous improvement process (CIP). In many LPS, solely methods and tools are in focus of the implementation. But they merely represent the superficial elements of LPS. The actual key success factor is the involvement of employees in daily improvement. This can be achieved through a different way of leadership, the lean leadership. Although the importance of lean leadership has already been emphasized by many authors, so far no consistent structure or definition of this approach exist. Therefore, a literature study has been carried out, aimed at identifying the relevant principles of lean leadership. A subsequent survey reveals the application of lean leadership and points out future possibilities for improvement. The majority of participants confirms the particular importance of lean leadership and claim to apply almost all its elements in their enterprises. But the results also indicate that some elements have been misinterpreted and others are not used as thoroughly as they should.

Fungal lectin of Peltigera canina induces chemotropism of compatible Nostoc cells by constriction-relaxation pulses of cyanobiont cytoskeleton

A glycosylated arginase acting as a fungal lectin from Peltigera canina is able to produce recruitment of cyanobiont Nostoc cells and their adhesion to the hyphal surface. This implies that the cyanobiont would develop organelles to motility towards the chemoattractant. However when visualized by transmission electron microscopy, Nostoc cells recently isolated from P. canina thallus do not reveal any motile, superficial organelles, although their surface was covered by small spindles and serrated layer related to gliding. The use of S-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)isothiourea, blebbistatin, phalloidin and latrunculin A provide circumstantial evidence that actin microfilaments rather than MreB, the actin-like protein from prokaryota, and, probably, an ATPase which develops contractile function similar to that of myosin II, are involved in cell motility. These experimental facts, the absence of superficial elements (fimbriae, pili or flagellum) related to cell movement, and the appearance of sunken cells during of after movement verified by scanning electron microscopy, support the hypothesis that the motility of lichen cyanobionts could be achieved by contraction-relaxation episodes of the cytoskeleton induced by fungal lectin act as a chemoattractant.

THE “LURE OF THE FABULOUS”: GIFT-BOOK BEAUTIES AND CHARLOTTE BRONTË'S EARLY HEROINES

Charlotte Brontë indulged her early fascination with “high life” by reading and imitating silver-fork literature and iconography in her juvenilia. Although critics have contended that Brontë's rejection of silver-fork subject matter was necessary for her artistic growth, the legacy of “the fabulous” persists in her mature fiction, particularly in the development of her female characters. Her literary representations of aristocratic beauties, as they were rendered in gift annuals and silver-fork fiction, signal her attempt to negotiate female desire as it is represented through fashionable dress. With her “copies” in the late juvenilia, Brontë both closely reproduces and satirizes the feminine consumption of material excess in order to discover a more original means of depicting feminine subjectivity. The period between 1838 and 1839, during which Brontë wrote the novelettes Stancliffe's Hotel, Captain Henry Hastings, and Caroline Vernon, marks such a crossroads; while all three contain superficial elements of the annuals and silver-fork fiction, they also exhibit Brontë's emergent concern with interiority. Her eventual shift to a plainly dressed yet actively desiring female heroine in her late juvenilia represents a new visual template for representing female subjectivity which becomes the prototype for heroines in her mature work.

On the Chern Number of a Filtration

We study the first Hilbert coefficient (after the multiplicity) $e_1$ of a local ring $(A,\m). $ Under various circumstances, it is also called the {\bf Chern number} of the local ring $A.$ Starting from the work of D.G. Northcott in the 60's, several results have been proved which give some relationships between the Hilbert coefficients, but always assuming the Cohen-Macaulayness of the basic ring. Recent papers of S. Goto, K. Nishida, A. Corso and W. Vasconcelos pushed the interest toward a more general setting. In this paper we extend an upper bound on $e_1$ proved by S. Huckaba and T. Marley. Thus we get the Cohen-Macaulayness of the ring $A$ as a consequence of the extremal behavior of the integer $e_1.$ The result can be considered a confirm of the general philosophy of the paper of W. Vasconcelos where the Chern number is conjectured to be a measure of the distance from the Cohen-Macaulyness of $A.$ This main result of the paper is a consequence of a nice and perhaps unexpected property of superficial elements. It is essentially a kind of machine for local rings. In the last section we describe an application of these results, concerning an upper bound on the multiplicity of the Sally module of a good filtration of a module which is not necessarily Cohen-Macaulay. It is an extension to the non Cohen-Macaulay case of a result of Vaz Pinto.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMAGE OF STREETSCAPE ON TEMPORAL CHANGES IN THE COLOR

The purpose of this study is to analyze the temporal image-change about the streetscape by the day, by focusing the color among the elements of the streetscape. We choose three streets of around east entrance to Nagoya station in Aichi for the research.At the first, we make the “facade of street” from the photograph taken by the hour, and extract superficial elements of the street from meshing the “facade of street”. Second, we define the tone of color in the superficial elements of the street as the “color” and classify it into 7 types. Third, we set the “material” and the “danction” among the superficial elements of the street into the subject of analysis and analyze the characteristics of three elements and the relation between the “color” and the other.We examine the distributed aspect and the analyze trend the usage frequency of the color and in architectural style within it by each time, appearing in the street.From the analysis of the temporal change in the “color” of the streetscape, we can understand that the color of the streetscape is divided two types into the red-yellow system (red and yellow) and the bule-aqua system (blue and cyan).

On Fiber Cones of 𝑚-Primary Ideals

AbstractTwo formulas for the multiplicity of the fiber cone of an 𝑚-primary ideal of a d-dimensional Cohen–Macaulay local ring (R, 𝑚) are derived in terms of the mixed multiplicity ed–1(𝑚|I), the multiplicity e(I), and superficial elements. As a consequence, the Cohen–Macaulay property of F(I) when I has minimal mixed multiplicity or almost minimal mixed multiplicity is characterized in terms of the reduction number of I and lengths of certain ideals. We also characterize the Cohen–Macaulay and Gorenstein properties of fiber cones of 𝑚–primary ideals with a d–generated minimal reduction J satisfying ℓ(I2/JI) = 1 or ℓ(I𝑚/J𝑚) = 1.

Geometry of superficial elements

Dans ce travail, nous etudions les elements superficiels d'un ideal relativement a un module d'un point de vue geometrique, en terme d'eclatements. Ils sont caracterises par une propriete de leur transformee faible sur cet eclatement. Nous donnons alors comme application directe une autre caracterisation de ces elements superficiels qui est le pendant geometrique d'un theoreme de D. Kirby. On indique aussi comment le meme resultat peut aussi etre obtenu algebriquement a partir d'un theoreme de Flenner et Vogel.

Laminar analysis of the origin of the various components of evoked potentials in slices of rat sensorimotor cortex

In slices of rat sensorimotor cortex, extracellular field potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of the white matter were recorded at various cortical depths. In order to determine the nature of the various components, experiments were performed in 3 situations: in a control perfusion medium, in a solution in which calcium ions have been replaced by magnesium ions to block synaptic transmission, and in cortices in which the pyramidal neurons of layer V had been previously induced to degenerate.In the control situation, the response at or near the surface was a positive-negative wave. From a depth of about 150 μm downwards, the evoked response consisted usually of 6 successive components, 3 positive-going, P11, P3 and P6 and 3 negative-going, N2, N4 and N5. P1 and N4 were apparent in superficial layers only. The amplitude of the remaining waves variable in the cortex but all diminished near the white matter.The early part of the surface positive wave arises from a non-synaptic activation of superficial elements, probably apical dendrites. The late part of the surface positive wave and the negative wave are due to the synaptic activation of neurons located probably in layer III.The large negative wave N2 represents principally the antidromic activation of cell bodies and possibly of proximal dendrites of neurons situated in layers III, IV and V, through the compound action potentials of afferent and efferent fibers may contribute to a reduced part to its generation.The late components N4 to P6 are post-synaptic responses. The negative component N5, the amplitude of which is largest in layers III and IV, represents excitatory responses of neurons located at various depths in the cortex. The nature of the positive component P6 is less clear, although the underlying mechanism might be inhibitory synaptic potentials.

Patterns in effects of sulfhydryl reagents on transport in bovine lens.

Active fluxes of Na+ and Rb+ and mediated transport of organic nutrients in the bovine lens were inhibited by five sulfhydryl reagents, whereas that of inorganic ions was increased, with the exception of the ouabain-resistant component of Na+, which was not significantly altered. The changes produced by the reagents indicate that cysteinyl residues are essential for normal operation of most of the transport systems investigated. The variable effectiveness of the reagents on transport of some of the solutes may provide information on the microenvironment of critical sulfhydryl residues in the transporters: that for glucose, adenosine, and influx of Ca++ appears to be hydrophobic; for acetate and influx of Na+, hydrophilic. Comparison of the rates of inactivation of influx via the L-system of 1-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylate indicates that p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonate is most effective, inhibiting almost completely in 10 minutes. There was no significant lag in inhibition by the selective glutathione oxidants, tert-butylhydroperoxide and diazinedicarboxylic acid-bis (N,N-dimethylamide), indicating that they either rapidly oxidize glutathione in superficial cellular elements, or, less probably, act directly on the transporter.