Superconducting Super Collider Research Articles

Left-right symmetry and neutrino masses in a nonperturbative unification framework.

Within the nonperturbative unification framework pioneered by Maiani, Parisi, and Petronzio, it is shown how the mass of the right-handed $W$ boson can be determined just by knowledge of the values of ${sin}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{W}$ and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{3}(\ensuremath{\equiv}\frac{{g}_{3}^{2}}{4\ensuremath{\pi}})$ at the Fermi scale ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{F}\ensuremath{\approx}250$ GeV. It is found that ${M}_{{W}_{R}}$ can be as low as 8 TeV and, as a consequence, it may be possible to detect ${W}_{R}$ at the proposed Superconducting Super Collider. In the model considered here, light Majorana neutrino masses are found to be small ( 65 eV).

Measurements of the Surface Resistivity of a 99.99% Al/6063 Beam Pipe

The surface resistivity of a 99.99% Al/6063 beam pipe, which is proposed for vacuum chambers of the SSC (Superconducting Super Collider), was measured in the microwave frequency region at extremely low temperatures, near 10 K. The surface resistivity was found to be larger than that expected from the static resistivity, by a factor of 7, due to anomalous skin effects. Great attention should be paid in considering the beam impedance of the chamber at high frequencies.

Scalar-leptoquark production at hadron colliders.

We examine the single and pair production of scalar leptoquarks (S) in pp and p\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}p collisions. The signals and backgrounds for leptoquark production are discussed. We find that the discovery limits for pair production are ${M}_{S}$\ensuremath{\simeq}40 GeV at the CERN collider, 120 GeV at the Fermilab Tevatron, and 1.7 TeV at the proposed Superconducting Super Collider. The limits in the case of single S production are found to be model dependent.

Priority-Setting Urged in Funding of Major Science Initiatives

Policy makers for years have been urging the scientific community to become involved in setting priorities for federal research funding. That kind of input is needed now more than ever as new big initiatives and traditional little projects chase hard-to-find federal research dollars, according to speakers at the American Association for the Advancement of Science's Thirteenth Annual Colloquium on R&D Policy held late last month in Washington, D.C. President Reagan's fiscal 1989 budget request (C&EN, Feb. 29, page 7) seeks an average 14.5% increase over fiscal 1988 for nondefense R&D programs, though only a 2.2% increase for defense R&D. And as Rep. Doug Walgren (D.-Pa.), chairman of the House Subcommittee on Science, Research & Technology, pointed out, The R&D budget as proposed would commit the government to a number of new, expensive, highly visible science projects. These include the space station, the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC), the national space plane, a project to ...

99.99% Al/6063 alloy coextruded cryogenic beam tube

A beam tube composed of 6063 alloy aluminum with a coextruded inner surface of 99.99% pure aluminum is proposed for the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC). It has higher electric conductivity than oxygen-free pure copper at liquid-helium temperature. Thermal desorption rate is ∼10−12 Pa l/s cm2 after 150 °C 24-h baking. Dynamic gas desorption by synchrotron radiation from the inner surface at liquid-helium temperature was measured with and without magnetic field. Magnetic field reduces the pressure rise by synchrotron radiation by one order of magnitude at liquid-helium temperature. If a pure Al clad beam tube is accepted for SSC vacuum system, vacuum components of aluminum alloy which can be operated at liquid-helium temperature are needed. Dynamic bellows, nonmagnetic feedthroughs, an all metal gate valve, a compact turbomolecular pump, an automatic welding machine, and a new type of pressure monitor along the ring have been developed.

Probing the three-vector-boson vertex at hadron colliders.

Deviations of the ZWW vertex from the gauge theory prediction lead to an enhanced production of WZ boson pairs at large invariant masses at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC). The most general deviations observable in qq-bar annihilation are parametrized in terms of seven form factors, whose high-energy behavior is severely restricted by unitarity. Even when taking these unitarity constraints into account, W/sup +- /Z production at the LHC and SSC is up to 10 times more sensitive to anomalous ZWW couplings than W/sup +/W/sup -/ production in e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation at the CERN e/sup +/e/sup -/ collider LEP II.

Foreign funding for SSC still in doubt

Skeptical members of a House Science, Space & Technology subcommittee confronted Department of Energy officials last week at hearings over plans to build the multibillion-dollar particle accelerator, the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC). Subcommittee chairman Ralph M. Hall (D.-Tex.), full committee chairman Robert A. Roe (D.-N.J.), and other members support building SSC. However, they challenged what they called steadily increasing and unrealistically high predictions by DOE of foreign funding for SSC, culminating in an estimate on March 10 by Energy Secretary John S. Herrington of as much as half the cost. What accounts for this surging optimism? asked Rep. Sherwood L. Boehlert (R.-N.Y.). Is it just hype to get the budget through Congress this year? added Rep. F. James Sensenbrenner Jr. (R.-Wis.). James F. Decker, acting director of energy research at DOE, replied that recent missions to Japan, Canada, and Europe found strong interest in participating, and followup visits are planned in May o...

Tests of prototype SSC magnets

Results are presented from tests of the third full-scale development dipole magnet for the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) and from a retest of a 4.5-m model magnet of the same design mounted in an SSC cryostat. The 4.5-m magnet showed consistent quench performance between its original tests in boiling liquid helium in a vertical dewar and the current tests in forced-flow helium in a horizontal cryostat. Little or no retraining was observed over several thermal cycles. The full-length magnet required 12 quenches to train to its short-sample limit of 6800 A and displayed a reasonably stable quench plateau following training. Data are presented on quench behavior as a function of current and temperature, and on azimuthal and longitudinal loading of the coil by the support structure. >

Source location of quenches in SSC dipole magnets

Superconducting-to-normal transitions in two 16.6-m-long superconducting dipole magnets for the Superconducting Supercollider (SSC) were monitored with six axially-distributed acoustic emission (AE) sensors. The origin of each quench was determined by examination of AE data captured at quench. In one magnet, these data showed that the first few quenches started from various locations along the magnet while most later quenches started from the feed end. In the second magnet, most of the spontaneous quenches started near the feed end of the magnet. By supplementing AE data captured at quench with AE attenuation data taken at room temperature, it was determined that, of these, more than half started in the region within 25 cm of the feed end. The results are in general agreement with temperature and pressure post-quench histories. >

Science big in 1989 budget

The $1.09 trillion budget that President Reagan sent to Congress on February 18, 1988, calls for large increases in science and technology spending while staying close to but not always within the limits of the budget summit agreement reached by the White House and congressional leaders late in 1987.Big science was a big winner in the Fiscal Year (FY) 1989 spending plan, the last budget that the Reagan administration will bring to Congress. The Space Station and the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC), two multibillion dollar federal projects that received ambiguous financial support from the House and Senate last year, will be back again, with requests of nearly $1 billion for the Space Station and $363 million for the SSC. For FY 1988, Congress approved $25 million for the SSC and funded the Space Station at $425 million, less than half the amount the White House originally requested. Reagan's 1989 budget also requests appropriations for the Space Station totaling $6 billion through 1991

SSC magnet technology

To minimize cost of the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) facility, small-bore high-field dipole magnets have been developed. Some of the technology developed at several US national laboratories and in industry is summarized. Superconducting wire with high magnetization current density and filaments as small as 5- mu m diameter produced with mechanical properties suitable for reliable cable production is reported. A variety of collar designs of both aluminum and stainless steel used in model magnets is described. A low-heat-leak post-type cryostat support system used and a system for accurate alignment of coil-collar-yoke in the cryostat is discussed. Brief mention is made of model magnets of 1-m, 1.8-m, 4.5-m, and 17-m lengths built during the past two years.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Fierce Debate Looms over Funding Of Superconducting Super Collider

The coming session of Congress looks like a crucial one in the present era of Big Science. Legislators will have to decide on whether to go ahead and approve construction funding for the biggest atom smasher of all time, the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC). The Administration will be asking for about $230 million (out of a scheduled $350 million) to begin work. But uncertainties loom, and the debate ahead looks bloody. The SSC is a project the Department of Energy says will cost $4.4 billion in fiscal 1988 dollars, rated according to a targeted completion date in 1996. The General Accounting Office pegs the cost at $4.9 billion in 1985 dollars. In inflationary and project stretchout dollars, the figure could easily double. But money for science is again tight in the government, and battles that lie ahead involve the competition between science and social programs, and, indeed, between the sciences themselves. The main difference between ...

SSC Sites: Then There Were Eight

First there were 43, then 36, and now just 8 candidate sites remain for the proposed Superconducting Super Collider (SSC). Arizona, Colorado, Illinois, Michigan, New York, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas have been selected by a committee of the National Research Council as the best locations for the $5.3-billion particle collider. The committee made its selection from 36 site proposals, backed by truck loads of supporting documents, that the Department of Energy (DOE) asked it to review. Not surprisingly the choice has proved controversial. At least four states - California, Ohio, Mississippi, and Nevada - are lodging protests with Energy Secretary John Herrington, claiming that they should not have been cut. Herrington is reviewing the committee's recommendations and will announce a list of finalists next week.

Word is out on SSC short list

Sites in eight states have been selected by a panel from the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) as finalists in the selection process for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Superconducting Super Collider (SSC), two Republican Senators announced today. DOE acknowledged that it had received a list from NAS but would not confirm the contents of the list.According to the Associated Press, Senators Jesse Helms (R‐N.C.) and Phil Gramm (R‐Tex.) were notified about the list by Secretary of Energy John Herrington. In a subsequent news conference, Helms announced that sites in Texas, Arizona, Colorado, Tennessee, New York, Illinois, Michigan, and North Carolina had been placed by the NAS panel on a “short list” and presented to DOE.

SSC may join nuclear waste in Nevada

Congress has named Yucca Mountain in Nevada as the nation's future high‐level nuclear waste repository, preempting earlier plans for the evaluation of at least three western sites by the Department of Energy (DOE). The move comes despite opposition by the state's governor and members of Congress. However, amendments to the legislation may placate Nevada with a brass ring of sorts—DOE's Superconducting Super Collider (SSC), a ring 26 km in diameter.The measure was finalized December 17, 1987, in a House‐Senate conference as part of a $30.2 billion deficit‐reduction bill. 12 last‐minute amendments attached to the bill by Senator Chic Hecht (D‐Nev.) call for compensations to Nevada that could include selection of the state as the future home of the SSC, as well as up to 20 million dollars per year in cash.

Astronomy in West Germany Goes Supernational

Astronomy in West Germany Goes Supernational

House authorizes billion for SSC

On October 15, 1987, the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science, Space, and Technology voted favorably on H.R. 3228, a bill authorizing $1.079 billion over the next 3 fiscal years (FY) for the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) proposed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The bill authorizes $10 million to be spent in FY 1988 on siting and construction. Site proposals from 26 states are currently under review by DOE and the National Academy of Sciences.Before the committee approved the authorization, Don Ritter (R‐Pa.) introduced numerous amendments to the bill. The intent of the measures was to delay complete funding for the project until careful and objective site selection and partial funding of the SSC from other countries could be assured. All of the amendments were voted down.

Control of the fields due to superconductor magnetization in the SSC magnets

Field uniformity of better than one part in 10,000 is required for the dipole magnets for the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC). The high field dipole and quadrupole magnets proposed for the SSC generate higher multipole components of field due to magnetization (persistent currents) in the superconductor. When the superconductor filament diameter is of the order of 20μm, the sextupole term alone is about 17 parts in 10,000 at an injection induction of 0.3 tesla in the SSC dipole magnets at a radius of 1 cm. This paper shows calculations of the magnetization phenomena which agree very well with magnetic measurement. Several passive methods for removing the sextupole component and higher components of the field generated by magnetization of the superconductor in the SSC dipole magnets are presented in the paper.

Quench pressure analysis of adiabatically stable magnets

Adiabatically stable magnets are used in applications such as magnetic resonance imaging and high energy physics. The maximum pressure induced during a quench is more severe for long magnets such as dipole magnets required in constructing the Superconducting Supercollider (SSC). Following an adiabatically stable magnet quench, joule heating is generated through the magnet windings causing helium heating and inducing flow both within the windings and along the magnet cooling channel. The helium trapped in the windings is expelled as it is heated, transferring energy to the helium coolant in the channel. The maximum pressure during a quench strongly depends on the magnet length and is higher for longer magnets. To determine the maximum pressure induced in the cooling channel, it is necessary to simultaneously solve the time-dependent continuity, momentum, and energy equations for the helium flow in the channel, the heat conduction equation in the windings, and the current decay equations. A quasi-steady state solution of the fluid flow equations is valid as long as the magnet length divided by the speed of sound ratio is much less than the quench time. This particular case can be analyzed using General Dynamics code MAGPRES (1) and will not be discussed in this paper. The analytical approach, including the model developed to determine the mass and energy transfer associated with the helium flow from the windings, is presented in this paper. Quench pressure results employing a simplified model of an adiabatically stable magnet are also presented for some special cases to test the newly developed General Dynamics computer code QMAG. Also included are results of one computer run for SSC dipole magnets for the case of uniform quenching. The computer code will be used for more detailed analysis of SSC magnets; the results will be published as they become available.

The superconducting super collider from a department of energy staff point of view

The U.S. high energy physics community has given highest priority to the creation of a new forefront accelerator facility called the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC). A brief description of the proposed facility is presented. The scientific need for the SSC and the DOE mission it supports is described. Progress to date, through the Department of Energy (DOE) review and approval process, is reported. Near term and longer term possible actions are discussed.