Supercharged Research Articles

Quench dynamics in the Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard and Dicke models

Both the Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard (JCH) and Dicke models can be thought of as idealised models of a quantum battery. In this paper we numerically investigate the charging properties of both of these models. The two models differ in how the two-level systems are contained in cavities. In the Dicke model, the N two-level systems are contained in a single cavity, while in the JCH model the two-level systems each have their own cavity and are able to pass photons between them. In each of these models we consider a scenario where the two-level systems start in the ground state and the coupling parameter between the photon and the two-level systems is quenched. Each of these models display a maximum charging power that scales with the size of the battery N and no super charging was found. Charging power also scales with the square root of the average number of photons per two-level system m for both models. Finally, in the JCH model, the power was found to charge inversely with the photon-cavity coupling κ.

Gradient Transformation of the Double Gyroid to the Double Diamond in Soft Matter.

Transitions between gyroid and diamond intercatenated double network phases occur in many types of soft matter, but to date, the structural pathway and the crystallographic relationships remain unclear. Slice and view scanning electron microscopy tomography of a diblock copolymer affords monitoring of the evolving shape of the intermaterial dividing surface, allowing structural characterization of both the majority and minority domains. Two trihedral malleable mesoatoms combine to form a single tetrahedral mesoatom in a volume additive manner while preserving network topology, as the types of loops, the number of mesoatoms in a loop, minority domain strut lengths, and directions that connect a given mesoatom to its neighbors evolve across a 150 nm wide transition zone (TZ). The [111]DD direction is coincident with the [110]DG direction so that the (111)DD and (110)DG planes define the boundaries of the TZ. Selection of the particular crystal orientations and direction and width of the transition zone is to minimize the cost of morphing the mesoatoms from one structure to the other, by maximizing like-block continuity and minimizing the variation of the surface curvature and thickness of the domains across the TZ. Such coherent continuity of the independent, intercatenated networks across the transition zone is critical for applications such as graded mechanical trusses where the pair of different networks are joined to provide different mechanical properties for adjacent grains or could serve as a nanoscale anode/cathode allowing super charging and discharging provided the networks are continuous and rigorously separate.

Potential Use of Supercharging Agents for Improved Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody-Drug Conjugates.

The addition of supercharging (SC) reagents in electrospray ionization coupled mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has demonstrated several advantages for protein analysis such as reduced required mass range of the instrument, narrowed charge-state distribution, increased sensitivity, and adduct suppression. The potential use of SC reagents to improve analyses of larger and complex protein molecules such as monoclonal antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) has not been previously reported. In this study, the effect of seven SC reagents (meta-nitrobenzyl alcohol (m-NBA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ortho-nitroanisole (o-NA), propane sultone (PS), ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), and sulfolane) on ESI-MS acquired spectra of deglycosylated, intact, and reduced trastuzumab and a vcMMAE-trastuzumab ADC was investigated under denaturing conditions. The addition of any of the SC reagents resulted in a higher average charge state observed for all tested reagents for both trastuzumab and the ADC and a narrower charge-state envelope for o-NA and 1% sulfolane for trastuzumab. However, improved peak shapes or increased sensitivity was observed for several reagents, overall increasing the spectra quality. Finally, it was shown that SC reagents can be safely used for ADC analysis without impacting the obtained drug-to-antibody (DAR) values, as all DAR values were within 0.1 from the control sample.

Design and application of smart-microgrid in industrial park

Due to the uncertain and randomness of both wind power photovoltaic output of power generation side and charging load of user side, a set of wind-solar-storage-charging multi-energy complementary smart microgrid system in the park is designed. Through AC-DC coupled, green energy, such as wind energy, distributed photovoltaic power and battery echelon utilization energy storage power, can be supplemented as factory power. While alleviating the power consumption pressure in the plant, it also realizes functions such as smoothing the fluctuation green energy power generation, and peak loading shifting. Vehicle DC super and fast charging are also integrated in this station. The system realizes real-time state monitoring of different energy sources, energy storage, power distribution, and loads, which can guarantee green, smooth, efficient and economic operation of the multi-energy complementary system in the plant.

The Planetary Vaporization Event Hypothesis: Supercharging Earth’s Geothermal Core, Identifying Side Effects Blast Patterns, and Inferring how to Find Earth-Like Planets or Identifying Super Charged Geothermal Cores and their Byproduct Blast Patterns

The supercharged nature of the Earth’s geothermal core can be demonstrated by three thought experiments exhibiting it is tremendously more powerful than any other terrestrial object in the solar system (planet or moon). Identifying a minimum of four byproduct asteroid blast patterns linked to the formation of Earth’s supercharged geothermal core is critical to properly identifying stars that also have these four byproduct asteroid blast patterns. These stars are the most likely to host an Earth-like planet qualified by having a supercharged geothermal core. The Planetary Vaporization-Event (PVE) Hypothesis provides a basis for correlation between the supercharged nature of Earth’s geothermal core and at least 14 listed side effects: (1) the asteroid-wide/planet-scale homogenization and lack thereof of 182W ε for Earth, the Moon, Mars and meteors, (2) the primary and secondary shifting of Earth’s tectonic plates, (3) the solar system wide displacement of Earth’s wayward moons (including Ceres, Pluto, Charon and Orcus) outgassing identical samples of ammoniated phyllosilicates, (4) the formation of asteroids at 100+ times the expected density of a nebular cloud vs. pre-solar grains formation density at the expected density of a nebular cloud, (5) three distinct formation timestamps for all known asteroids within a 5 million year window 4.55+ billion years ago, (6) the estimated formation temperature of CAI at 0.86 billion Kelvin and (7) the remaining chondritic meteorite matrix flash vaporizing at 1,200–1,900 °C, (8) followed by rapid freezing near 0 K, (9) the development of exactly 2 asteroid belts and a swarm of non-moon satellites, (10) particulate size distinction between the 2 asteroid belts of small/inner, large/outer, (11) the proximity of the Trojan Asteroid Groups to the Main Asteroid Belt, (12) observation of a past or present LHB, (13) the development of annual meteor showers for Earth proximal to apogee and/or perigee, (14) the Sun being the most-likely object struck by an asteroid in the inner solar system. Through better understanding of the relevant data at hand and reclassification of the byproducts of supercharging the core of a planet, at least 5 new insights can be inferred and are listed as: (1) the original mass, (2) distance and (3) speed of Earth Mark One, (4) the original order of Earth’s multi-moon formation and (5) the high probability of finding detectable signs of life on a planet orbiting the stars Epsilon Eridani and Eta Corvi. There are at least 6 popular hypothesis that the PVE Hypothesis is in conflict with, listed they are: (1) a giant impact forming the Moon, (2) asteroids being the building blocks of the solar system, (3) the Main Asteroid Belt being the result of a planet that never formed, (4) the LHB being a part of the accretion disk process, (5) the heat in Earth’s core coming primarily from the decay of radioactive elements, (6) the Oort Cloud being the source of ice comets.

The Planetary Vaporization Event Hypothesis: Supercharging Earth’s Geothermal Core, Identifying Side Effects Blast Patterns, and Inferring how to Find Earth-Like Planets or Identifying Super Charged Geothermal Cores and their Byproduct Blast Patterns

The supercharged nature of the Earth’s geothermal core can be demonstrated by three thought experiments exhibiting it is tremendously more powerful than any other terrestrial object in the solar system (planet or moon). Identifying a minimum of four byproduct asteroid blast patterns linked to the formation of Earth’s supercharged geothermal core is critical to properly identifying stars that also have these four byproduct asteroid blast patterns. These stars are the most likely to host an Earth-like planet qualified by having a supercharged geothermal core. The Planetary Vaporization-Event (PVE) Hypothesis provides a basis for correlation between the supercharged nature of Earth’s geothermal core and at least 14 listed side effects: (1) the asteroid-wide/planet-scale homogenization and lack thereof of 182W ε for Earth, the Moon, Mars and meteors, (2) the primary and secondary shifting of Earth’s tectonic plates, (3) the solar system wide displacement of Earth’s wayward moons (including Ceres, Pluto, Charon and Orcus) outgassing identical samples of ammoniated phyllosilicates, (4) the formation of asteroids at 100+ times the expected density of a nebular cloud vs. pre-solar grains formation density at the expected density of a nebular cloud, (5) three distinct formation timestamps for all known asteroids within a 5 million year window 4.55+ billion years ago, (6) the estimated formation temperature of CAI at 0.86 billion Kelvin and (7) the remaining chondritic meteorite matrix flash vaporizing at 1,200–1,900 °C, (8) followed by rapid freezing near 0 K, (9) the development of exactly 2 asteroid belts and a swarm of non-moon satellites, (10) particulate size distinction between the 2 asteroid belts of small/inner, large/outer, (11) the proximity of the Trojan Asteroid Groups to the Main Asteroid Belt, (12) observation of a past or present LHB, (13) the development of annual meteor showers for Earth proximal to apogee and/or perigee, (14) the Sun being the most-likely object struck by an asteroid in the inner solar system. Through better understanding of the relevant data at hand and reclassification of the byproducts of supercharging the core of a planet, at least 5 new insights can be inferred and are listed as: (1) the original mass, (2) distance and (3) speed of Earth Mark One, (4) the original order of Earth’s multi-moon formation and (5) the high probability of finding detectable signs of life on a planet orbiting the stars Epsilon Eridani and Eta Corvi. There are at least 6 popular hypothesis that the PVE Hypothesis is in conflict with, listed they are: (1) a giant impact forming the Moon, (2) asteroids being the building blocks of the solar system, (3) the Main Asteroid Belt being the result of a planet that never formed, (4) the LHB being a part of the accretion disk process, (5) the heat in Earth’s core coming primarily from the decay of radioactive elements, (6) the Oort Cloud being the source of ice comets.

Revolutionize China’s Auto Market Setup by Chinese EV Brands? Answers from Consumers

As the foreign and joint venture brands introduced thier electric vehicle (EV) into China, the pattern of China’s EV market changed quietly. Under such circumstance, whether Chinese EV brands can subvert the structure of the Chinese automobile market is a question worth studying. This article uses the discrete choice experiment (DCE) to answer this question from the perspective of consumer preference. We divided the entire EV market into mid-end and high-end EV markets, a binary logit regression model was used to analyze the possibility of consumers’ purchase choice of EVs in different markets depending on the different levels of price, range, energy efficiency, number of super charging stations, service stores and installation of automated driving system. We finally found that compared with the high-end EV market, Chinese domestic EV brands are more competitive in the mid-end market, but even in the mid-end market, Chinese branding EVs are still not as attractive to consumers as joint venture brands. Generally speaking, although Chinese domestic EV brands will cause certain changes in China’s overall automotive market structure, the changes would be very limited. In the future, the Chinese brand EVs should improve its brand-specific charging service levels which can greatly increase thier competitiveness.

Możliwości doładowania w motocyklu Suzuki GSX-R 750 k5

In the paper, possibility for the power increase of motorcycle Suzuki GSX-R 750 is proposed. The turbocompressor available in the market was selected, and its characteristics were checked. Calculations proved that theoretical improvement of 33 kW, which is ca. 29%, was possible, which meant the ratio power to mass could be increased up to 1.1 kW/kg. This way, the discussed motorcycle achievable power could be similar to the ones with engines of stroke capacity 1000 cm3.

Performance of Semi Adiabatic DI Diesel Engine with Supercharged air using Crude Jatropha Oil

Vegetable oils are the only fuels, can be substituted as alternative to overcome the shortage in developing countries. Using non-edible oil like crude jatropha as alternative, waste land can be effectively cultivated and employment can be improved. Experiments were Initiated on semi adiabatic diesel engine with super charging air through the intake manifold using crude jatropha oil with varied injection pressure and varied injection timing to study the performance of the engine. Tests were also conducted using diesel fuel in diesel engine and engine with high grade heat rejection combustion chamber at recommended injection timing at 270bTDC with super charging air using crude jatropha oil. Improvement in performance was found with super charging when comparing with natural aspiration.

Clinical application of the technology of supercharging and making flap in Yamano area I type II replantation of broken finger

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of the use of the technology of supercharging and making flap on Yamano area I type II replantation of broken finger. Methods From January, 2016 to June, 2018, 15 cases (16 fingers) of type II replantation of severed fingers in Yamano area I were treated. During the operation, 2 arteries in the severed fingers were anastomosed and supercharged outside the arteries. Bone fragments in the severed fingers were removed to make them flaps. The blood supply and long-term healing of replanted finger were observed after routine treatment including antiinfection, anticoagulation and antispasm in outpatient follow-up. Results Sixteen fingers of replantation of severed fingers survived smoothly. Followed-up for 6-12 months showed that there were no deformities in the surviving finger, good nail growth, full abdomen and recovery of pain and temperature. The static 2-PD was 7-9 mm. According to the Evaluation Criteria of Replantation Function of Severed Finger of Chinese Medical Association Hand Surgery Society, 13 fingers were excellent and 3 fingers were good. Conclusion In the replantation of Yamano area I type II amputated finger, high survival rate and good healing effect can be achieved by using the technology of supercharging and making flap. Key words: Replantation of broken finger; Yamano I area; Supercharging; Making flap

Supercharging your supper

Supercharging your supper

On-line preconcentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate-protein complexes using electrokinetic supercharging method with a prefilled water plug in capillary sieving electrophoresis.

An electrokinetic supercharging (EKS) method with a prefilled water plug at the head column of capillary was developed for on-line preconcentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-protein complexes in capillary sieving electrophoresis (CSE). Conventional EKS is a combination of electrokinetic injection with transient isotachophoresis (tr-ITP). The capillary is first filled with background electrolyte, then an appropriate amount of a leading electrolyte is filled and electro-injection is carried out for certain duration. After that, terminating electrolyte is filled, and tr-ITP is subsequently initiated, followed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation. In this work, the performance of EKS was evaluated by integrating multiple sub-methods step by step, and a water plug containing polymer was introduced before electrokinetic injection in order to further improve the concentration effect. The positive effects of the sub-methods were verified, including molecular sieving effect of polymer, field enhanced sample injection (FESI) with and without a water plug, and transient isotachophoretic electrophoresis-based FESI. It was observed that analyte discrimination usually encountered in conventional electrokinetic injection was eliminated due to the similar charge to mass ratios of SDS-protein complexes. Based on these results, a hybrid on-line preconcentration method, EKS with injecting a water plug containing polymer before sample electrokinetic injection, was proposed and used to indiscriminately preconcentrate SDS-protein complexes, which provided a sensitivity enhancement factor of more than 1000. It was very suitable for the analysis of low-abundance proteins, providing the information of their molecular mass.

Explain Pain Supercharged

Explain Pain Supercharged

New and Improved! A supercharged antibiotic to fight superbugs

New and Improved! A supercharged antibiotic to fight superbugs

The effect of operating parameters on the formation of fuel wall films as a basis for the reduction of engine particulate emissions

The new European Emission Standard Euro 6d will limit the particulate number emissions under real driving conditions for gasoline engines, and meeting these new requirements will be quite challenging for modern direct-injection spark ignition (DISI) engines. In these engines, the source of soot particles are fuel rich zones above fuel films resulting from spray impingement onto the piston and the cylinder wall. To reduce these exhaust emissions, the deposition of fuel wall films must be minimized, or ideally avoided. In order to do this, the formation behaviour of fuel films has to be studied and understood.The present paper aims at providing a broad overview over factors influencing the fuel wall film formation, this paper merges the results of four fuel wall film measurement campaigns. This way it is possible to present the influence of different important parameters on film formation, including ambient pressure and temperature, rail pressure, fuel temperature, nozzle/wall distance and spray impingement angle. To measure the wall film patterns, masses and areas the method of laser-induced fluorescence was applied. The measurements were performed using iso-octane, with 3-pentanone dissolved as fluorescence tracer. For the spray generating a high-pressure, six-hole nozzle was used.The acquired results show that with increasing initial fuel temperature, surrounding temperature, rail pressure and nozzle/wall distance, the wall film mass decreases. Increasing ambient pressure – up to values representative for turbo- or super charging – was found to increase the film mass. Additionally, flatter impingement angles increase the wall film area but decreases the total fuel film mass. With the results provided in this paper, the effects of several major engine operating parameters on fuel wall film formation are quantified.

A Supercharged Atomic Engine

A Supercharged Atomic Engine

Supercharging and Dethrottling

Supercharging and Dethrottling

Optimizing Battery Design for Fast Charging through a Genetic Algorithm Based Multi-Objective Optimization Framework

As the innovation of battery technology, batteries have higher power density than before and electric vehicles can travel longer distance per charge. However, the long charging time of electric vehicles is still one of its limitations. Electric car takes much longer time to fully charge its batteries. Fast charging and super charging are the available solutions but they have a potential of damaging battery with accelerated degradation. It is critical to reduce the charge time without compromise long-term performance. New materials, nanoscale structures, charging strategy have been studies to decrease the charging time. All of these approaches can further benefit from an optimal design of the batter structure for fast charging. We investigate the effect of design variables such as porosity, particle size, and thickness for both anode and cathode electrodes on battery charging and degradation by using a physics-based side-reaction coupled electrochemical model. We develop a computational optimization framework with the Elitist Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) to find the optimal design variables to improve battery charging and long-term performance. The computational optimization work is computationally efficient of providing a guidance for battery design.

Design and Implementation of Novel Super Charging Capacitor

Design and Implementation of Novel Super Charging Capacitor

低回転域における高過給４ストローク火花点火エンジンの特性および過給システムに関する基礎的研究

低回転域における高過給４ストローク火花点火エンジンの特性および過給システムに関する基礎的研究