Sunny Weather Research Articles

Extracting visual navigation line between pineapple field rows based on an enhanced YOLOv5

The unmanned pineapple harvester is required to operate efficiently along crop rows. This study presents a novel approach for extracting visual navigation line in pineapple fields using an enhanced YOLOv5 algorithm. The objective is to overcome challenges related to positioning accuracy rate and stability encountered by unmanned pineapple harvesters. The improvements made to the YOLOv5 algorithm include the addition of a small object detection layer in the neck layer. Furthermore, modifications were made to the original loss function to enhance training stability and increase training speed. Experimental results demonstrate that the enhanced YOLOv5 model achieved a 3.62 % increase in training precision rate and a 2.15 % increase in recall rate compared to the original model. With an image resolution of 960 × 1080 pixels, the average detection speed reached 17.35 frames per second (fps). The enhanced YOLOv5 algorithm was utilized to recognize and extract feature points representing pineapple rows. A clustering algorithm was employed to classify these feature points by row, while a modified shortest distance algorithm was applied to fit the pineapple crop row centerline and calculate the optimal navigation line. Field experiments revealed an average extraction accuracy rate of 89.13 % and 85.32 % for sunny and cloudy weather in high-density crops, respectively, with an average accuracy rate of 85.74 %, row recognition accuracy rate of 89.29 % and angle error of 3.54° in different density crops, respectively. This algorithm offers a method for obtaining navigation paths for unmanned pineapple harvesters.

Distribution of Vitamin D Status in a Group from Syrian Society

Objective: The aim of this work is to study the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in a sample of healthy Syrians in the city of Homs. Method: A cross-sectional study, including 690 ostensibly healthy participants, was conducted at the National Hospital of Homs. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were measured using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Results: The overall prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy (insufficiency, deficiency, and severe deficiency) in the study samples was 76.5%. Additionally, 49% of the samples had vitamin D deficiency, with 18.5% suffering from severe deficiency. Furthermore, levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in females were lower than in males (11.3±2.3 ng/ml versus 39.6±11.28 ng/ml, respectively, p < 0.0001). Veiled women had serum levels of vitamin D lower than non-veiled women, 11.3±2.5 ng/ml versus 25.5±3.2 ng/ml, respectively, p < 0.0001. Female gender and clothing style were identified as independent risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was very common in the study population, despite the sunny weather in Homs city most of the year. Further studies with larger groups, including other Syrian governorates, are needed to elucidate lifestyle and sociocultural behavior risk factors for vitamin D deficiency.

Electricity Productivity Analysis of Thin Solar Panels

The requirement for electrical energy is anticipated to witness a 70% increase between the years 2000 and 2030, owing to the inevitable population growth that will consequently lead to a surge in electricity demand. To ensure an adequate supply of electrical energy, one can harness the potential of abundant energy sources, such as solar energy, which can be converted into electrical energy. Solar energy offers numerous advantages, including its environmentally friendly and clean nature, as well as its ability to avoid air pollution. The prevailing types of solar panels, namely polycrystalline and monocrystalline, are widely utilized, despite their considerable weight. However, in the future, the development of thin solar panels is expected, primarily due to their lightweight nature, which renders them suitable for a wide range of electronic devices. The objective of this study is to analyze the power productivity generated by thin solar panels. During sunny weather, the first thin solar panel generated power ranging from 0.87 watts to 15.60 watts, with the lowest value recorded as the minimum and the highest value documented as the maximum. Furthermore, under both sunny and cloudy weather conditions, the power generated ranged from 0.52 watts to 11.17 watts, with the lowest and highest values representing the minimum and maximum power outputs, respectively. Finally, during cloudy and rainy weather, the power generated ranged from 0.21 watts to 4.72 watts, with the lowest and highest values representing the minimum and maximum power outputs, respectively. This discrepancy can be attributed to the optimal absorption of power by thin solar panels under sunny weather conditions.

Noise model of ultraviolet light communication in sunny weather

Noise model of ultraviolet light communication in sunny weather

Thermally comfortable epidermal bioelectrodes based on ultrastretchable and passive radiative cooling e-textiles

On-skin electronics with excellent passive cooling performance are highly favorable in improving human thermal comfort and reducing cooling energy consumption, which has received less research attention recently. Herein, a permeable and skin-conformable electronic textile (e-textile) with remarkable passive radiative cooling (PRC) performance is developed for all-day multi-environment passive cooling and human electrophysiological monitoring. The excellent passive cooling performance is attributed to the evenly encapsulated Al2O3 microparticles and thermally-fused nano/micropores in the nonwoven styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) elastomeric microfibers, thus high emissivity (maximum emissivity>97%) and efficient backscattering of ultraviolet-visible-near infrared radiation (sunlight reflectivity>90%) can be realized simultaneously, resulting in the superior radiative cooling capability at daytime (10.5 °C and 11.3 °C for sunny and cloudy weather, compared with the ambient environment) and at nighttime (7.0 °C compared to pure SEBS textiles). Moreover, the obtained PRC e-textiles printed with liquid metal can serve as thermally comfortable and skin-mountable bioelectrodes for monitoring high-fidelity electrophysiological signals (including electrocardiograph (ECG), surface electromyogram (sEMG), and electroencephalograph (EEG) signals even underwater). Thus, this ultrastretchable PRC e-textile provides a promising alternative for zero-energy cooling in health monitoring epidermal electronics.

Dissolution Manufacturing Strategy for Designing Efficient and Low Cost Polymeric Solar Water Evaporator

AbstractThe scarcity of fresh water is a pressing issue globally, and solar water evaporation technology has emerged as a leading method for producing fresh water. However, the preparation of solar evaporators is hindered by high costs, complexity, and environmental concerns. In this work, a solar evaporator with hierarchical porous structure is prepared using a simple, low‐cost, and environmentally friendly dissolution manufacturing strategy. Excellent photothermal conversion capability and salt drainage performance are found owing to its hierarchical porous structure. The prepared sample exhibits a water evaporation rate of 2.19 kg m−2 h−1 and achieves evaporation efficiency of 84.3% under one sun. Furthermore, the evaporation rates of the samples in seawater and methylene blue are 2.04, and 1.98 kg m−2 h−1, respectively. The evaporation rate remains stable after ten evaporation cycles. The strategy also overcomes the dimensional limitations of traditional methods, as large‐size samples prepared by this strategy are successfully evaluated for evaporation experiments with natural seawater under sunny weather, and the quantity of water collected is ≈170 g in 6 h. The proposed strategy will offer not only sustainable water purification technologies, but also new routes for solar water evaporation, solar steam generation, and photothermal drive fields.

Performance enhancement of compound parabolic concentrating vaporized desalination system by spraying and steam heat recovery

This paper employs the compound parabolic concentrator to heat the thermal conduction oil as working fluid to a higher temperature. The feed water is sprayed and obtains heat from the working fluid in evaporation chamber. The spraying of feed water enhances heat and mass transfer and increases the vaporization intensity. The latent heat of steam is recovered to preheat the feed water which improves energy utilization. Multivariate orthogonal experiments were conducted to obtain the optimized nozzle arrangement in the evaporation chamber. Numerical simulations were performed to evaluate the effect of nozzle parameters on liquid film thickness and water production performance. In system performance experiments, the heat loss, heat recovery performance, fresh water production and gain output ratio in sunny weather were achieved. The daily fresh water production of the system was 15.1 kg with a maximum rate of 4.32 kg/h. The nozzle group arrangement optimization increases the fresh water production by 28.12 % and the maximum rate was 8.48 %. The heat recovery unit increases fresh water production by 13.18 %, with an average heat recovery efficiency of 0.85.

Variability of contribution of 1,25 (OH)2D3 (vitamin D) level to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation outcome

The impact of vitamin D status on the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has recently been the focus of interest with a lot of controversy. In this study we aimed to evaluate the impact of pre-transplant vit. D level on the outcome of HSCT. In this study, we evaluated the impact of vitamin D level on the risk of development of graft versus host disease (GVHD) and survival after HSCT. The study included 97 patients who received allogeneic HSCT from an identical sibling. Serum vitamin D level was measured before conditioning using ELIZA. Student t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, ANOVA F-test and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were used to determine significance of difference for quantitative data. Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation and Chi-square test were used to determine correlations and associations. Kaplan-Meier and Log rank (Mantel-Cox) tests were used for analysis of survival. P value≤0.05 was considered significant. Vitamin D level showed a range of 18.24-84.6 with a mean of 38.14±9.73 and a median of 36.26ng/ml. Two patients had vitamin D level <20 and 17 had a level <30ng/ml. Acute GVHD occurred in 33 (34%) and chronic GVHD in 29 (29.9%) patients. Vitamin D level had no impact on frequency or severity of GVHD; either did it impact survival. This might be attributable to the relatively normal level in the majority of our patients on account of the sunny weather of Egypt. This might also be a potential explanation for the inconsistency of the different studies with variable levels of vitamin D. The current study failed to demonstrate an impact of pre-transplant vitamin D level on the outcome of HSCT. This might be attributed to the low prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in our population on account of our almost always sunny weather. The marked variability in the level of vitamin D that is considered sufficient interferes with objective comparison between studies; a consensus on what is considered sufficient, insufficient, or deficient is essential.

Exploratory comparison of flower visiting behavior and pollination ability of mason bees, bumble bees, and honey bees.

This study explored the flower visiting behaviors and pollination abilities of mason bees (Osmia excavata Alfken (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)), bumble bees (Bombus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Apidae)), and Italian honey bees (Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola (Hymenoptera: Apidae)) in apple orchards in early spring in Jinan (located in the central region of Shandong) and Yantai (located in the Peninsula of Shandong). We compared the pollen collection patterns, flower visiting behavior, flying speed, and effects on apple pollination of the 3 types of bees. The frequencies of flower visits were significantly higher for mason bees (12.89/min in Jinan and 10.63/min in Yantai) than bumble bees and Italian honey bees in the 2 regions. The single flower residence times were significantly higher for Italian honey bees (8.22 s in Jinan and 9.43 s in Yantai), but Italian honey bees were most affected by the climate. The 3 bees differed significantly in terms of the amount of apple pollen collected and their effects on the fruit setting rate in apples (mason bees > bumble bees > Italian honey bees). The results showed that the mason bee was the most suitable pollinating species for spring apple orchards; Bumble bees were more suitable as alternative pollinators during cloudy and low temperatures; Italian honey bees were able to take advantage of their large number of worker bees in sunny and warm weather. Compared to individual bee species, a combination of 2 or 3 species of bees might be more advantageous in dealing with complex and variable weather conditions.

A novel thermoelectrical model for dye-sensitized solar cells for consideration of the effects of solar irradiation, wavelength, and surface temperature

The present study aims to provide an innovative model to simulate the behavior of dye-sensitized solar cells, considering their advantages and the emerging technology of cells. The new model uses carrier particle continuity equations and the Butler-Volmer equation to examine the effects of solar radiation, wavelength, and temperature on cell performance. Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) is studied for sunny and cloudy days (7 am to 6 pm) based on input and output power. Parametric changes, including fill factor, open circuit voltage, and short circuit, are calculated in this regard. The good agreement observed between the outcomes of previous studies and the results obtained here emphasizes the reliability of the proposed model. As a striking novelty, the impact of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) recombination current on cell performance parameters is also examined using the Butler-Volmer equation under normal and diffuse radiation (low light). The results reveal that the effect of recombination current is more significant for diffuse radiation conditions than the clear sky (sunny day). For example, the efficiency and voltage drop are higher for the cloudy mode. The sunny weather has a reduction of about 0.2 % in efficiency, while the same state for the cloudy weather is about 1.8 %.

Niepewność pomiarów średniej temperatury promieniowania za pomocą termometrów kulistych = Uncertainty of mean radiant-temperature measurements using globe thermometers

In the analysis of the human heat balance, the biggest problem is to precisely determine the amount of energy absorbed by a human organism under dynamically changing solar conditions and while being surrounded by many different surfaces that can absorb, emit or reflect solar radiation in different ways. Therefore, in thermal comfort studies some simplifications of the radiation field around human body are necessary and thus the concept of mean radiant temperature (Mrt) is most often used. Mrt values can be derived either from direct instrumental measurements or calculated by one of the microclimate models. The most accurate way to determine the Tmrt outdoors is by integral radiation measurements and the calculation of angular factors (i.e. the proportion of radiation received by the human body from different directions). This method involves simultaneous measurements of long- and short-wave radiation flux densities in six directions, which requires three sets of net radiometers. Although this method of Mrt determination describes the radiation environment accurately and independently of the variable wind field, it requires the use of expensive and complex measurement devices. Cheap and easy to operate alternative offers globe thermometer. In steady state conditions, readings from the air temperature sensor inside the globe thermometer (tg) will reflect the convective and radiative heat exchange around the globe thermometer. Knowing tg, as well as globe emissivity and diameter, the Mrt may be calculated. In this research three different globe thermometers were used to determine Mrt: 15-cm standard globe thermometer (SGT) and two 4-cm custom made acrylic globe thermometers (AGT) painted in black and grey. The measurements were conducted in the summer in Warsaw, on two selected green areas, under sunny and warm weather conditions. In each location Mrt measurements were taken in two spots – in the shade of trees and in the open grassy spaces, with high SVF. Our results demonstrate, that globe thermometers, although being relatively cheap and less complex instruments for determining Mrt, can be used to a limited extend, due to high instability of their indications under significant radiative loads.

Rethinking building envelope design: Machine learning approaches to evaluate its impact on indoor ozone exposures

Ozone is widely recognized as an ambient air contaminant that causes acute and chronic health effects. However, there is a limited number of studies investigating indoor exposures to ozone in occupied houses and linking design variables to the predictive power of indoor ozone levels. This study focuses on typical envelope airflow paths used in residences in the Philadelphia area in the United States. The model development draws from the field data, including indoor and outdoor ozone concentration, environmental parameters, and building characteristics from four building envelopes. Five machine learning algorithms (i.e., support vector machine, lasso regression, random forest, Bayesian bridge regression, and gradient boosting) are employed, with indoor ozone concentration as the dependent variable, as it indicates how the hot and sunny weather that might lead to the possibility of indoor air quality (IAQ) alerts due to ozone. The results showed that gradient boosting model based on all field measurements had the highest R-squared value of 0.974 and low enough root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) which are 1.182 and 0.788, respectively. We conclude that indoor ozone forecasting model based on inputting environmental survey (ES) in addition to either design variables or indoor environment characteristics can effectively predict and can therefore be used at the building design phase to improve healthy living environments.

Monitoring and Investigating the Change Patterns of Major Growth Parameters of Almond (Badam) Trees under Different Irrigation Conditions

Knowledge of the response of growth parameters of almond (Badam) trees to different water supply conditions is important for Badam production. To identify growth parameters that are sensitive to water deficit in almond trees, field experiments were conducted during a median water year to monitor the major growth characteristics of almond trees under different irrigation conditions in Shache County, Xinjiang, China. A field (in-situ) monitoring system was also constructed using various sensors for the continuous and non-destructive monitoring of the growth parameters, such as soil water in the root zone, canopy temperature depression, trunk diameter, and fruit diameter of almond trees. The results confirmed the reliability of the monitoring system. Both canopy temperature depression and the diameter shrinkage of the trunk and fruit were significantly negatively correlated (r values ranging from −0.996 to −0.823) with the irrigation water quantity. This correlation was observed from the young fruit stage to the maturation stage of almond trees, under irrigation conditions representing 50–100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc). These parameters were sensitive (|r| ≥ 0.778) to the water deficit status of almond trees from 14:00 to 18:00 in sunny weather. These results can provide both technical and theoretical support for real-time non-destructive assessment of the water deficit status of almond trees.

Application habits and practices of regular sunscreen users in the United States: Results of an online survey

A nationwide online survey assessed claimed usage of sunscreen products in 2283 self-identified regular sun protection factor (SPF) consumers (RSPFC) in the United States. Subjects applied sunscreen most frequently when spending more than 3 h in the sun. Sunscreen usage peaks during the summer, with sunny weather prompting 99% usage of beach/recreational SPF products but drops to approximately 50% and 30% on partly cloudy and cloudy days, respectively, regardless of SPF product category. About half of RSPFC augment sunscreen product usage by limiting time in the sun and wearing a hat. SPF products are not reapplied by approximately 20–60% of RSPFC, depending upon product category, and reapplication was less than 33% on cloudy and partly cloudy days. Primary reasons for reapplication were water exposure, number of hours in the sun, and being active/sweating, most notably for beach/recreational SPF products. Importantly, in children, 45% of parents reported “redness” as a signal for reapplying sunscreen product. Only 10% of respondents correctly identified sunscreen products as drugs. Based on these results, while sunscreens may share common ingredients and efficacy measures, their usage by consumers varies widely depending on product type, season, weather, gender, age, and geographical location.

Design of a Cooling System Integrated with Ultraviolet Light for Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables at Variable Tropical Weather Conditions: A Case Study of Arusha, Tanzania

Post-harvest losses of fruits and vegetables pose significant challenges, especially in tropical climates. This study introduces the development and performance evaluation of a solar-powered evaporative cooling storage system integrated with ultraviolet light (UV) designed for preservation of perishable fruits and vegetables. The cooling chamber supplied with ultraviolet lamp was developed using locally available materials such as sisal, sponge, and bricks. The performance of the system was evaluated in terms of air temperature decrease, relative humidity increase, and evaporative cooling power capacity both for sunny and cloudy tropical weather conditions. The study reveals that activating the UV light considerably extends the shelf life of fruits and vegetables. The system was able to extend the shelf life of perishable products by up to 21 days when exposed to ultraviolet light and by 9 days when not exposed to ultraviolet light. On sunny days, active system operation leads to an average temperature reduction of 5.0 °C, along with a relative humidity increase of 23%. On the contrary, on cloudy days, the cooling impact diminishes slightly, resulting in temperature decrease of approximately 3.5 °C and relative humidity increase of 18%. These findings emphasize the potential of the solar-powered evaporative cooling system, combined with UV light treatment, as a viable approach to combat post-harvest losses in tropical environments.

Rancang Bangun Circulating System Water Heater dengan Sumber Panas Solar Cell

The use of solar energy is very important to increase today because solar energy is renewable energy and also does not cause pollution, but solar collector equipment is still needed to convert solar energy into heat energy. This study aims to analyze the heat transfer in the flat plate solar collector which is used as a source of thermal energy in the water heating process for bathing. A solar collector is used to absorb solar thermal energy and then transfer it to a water pipe. The pipe material uses copper which has a very high conductivity value with an outer diameter of 5/8 '' (15.7 mm). The collector plate uses aluminum plates, because aluminum plates are quite high heat conductors. The dimensions of the box / collector frame are 150 cm long, 80 cm wide and 80 cm high. The collector frame is made of steel, with an angle of 15 ˚ of the tool. The results of the study in sunny weather conditions 46.8 c, then the results in the form of sunny cloudy weather produce an outflow water temperature of 44.3 c and finally the results data collection in the form of cloudy weather the results obtained are 38.3 c. Based on the experimental process, the collector temperature was taken using a thermocouple,heat the water to the initial temperature in a bucket of 28˚c and the temperature of the water out during the study to produce 40˚c.

Vision-Based Autonomous Driving: A Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning Approach

Human drivers have excellent perception and reaction abilities in complex environments such as dangerous highways, busy intersections, and harsh weather conditions. To achieve human-level driving performance, autonomous driving systems require powerful environmental perception systems and the ability to make accurate decisions in difficult situations, enabling vehicles to maintain smooth driving. However, making decisions based on visual perception is still a daunting challenge for autonomous vehicles, also current end-to-end networks and modular frameworks have limitations in effectively addressing perception, decision-making, and control, such as a lack of interpretability and weak generalization ability in complex environments. This paper proposes an elaborate modular pipeline for autonomous driving that effectively integrates semantic perception information, multi-level decision tasks, and control modules. The decision-making module comprehensively considers high-level maneuver selection and low-level motion control in both horizontal and vertical directions. The proposed MP framework is trained end-to-end by a novel hierarchical reinforcement learning method with a new action sampling mechanism. To adapt to the experimental scenarios, we use the CARLA simulation platform to collect data to evaluate the proposed autonomous driving framework and its new training method, considering various environmental factors such as sunny, dusk, and rainy weather. The results show that the framework exhibits smooth and effective driving strategies in different environments and can converge quickly and stably. The method improves learning efficiency and reduces unnecessary coupling and error propagation. Overall, the proposed framework and training method provide new ideas for improving existing autonomous driving systems.

Cloudy or sunny? Effects of different environmental types of urban green spaces on public physiological and psychological health under two weather conditions.

Numerous studies have demonstrated that urban green spaces (UGSs) benefit human health, but few have focused on the influence of weather on environmental restorativeness. This study assessed how different weather conditions and environments affect human health. We exposed 50 participants to different UGS environments under cloudy and sunny conditions and collected physiological, psychological and aesthetic preference data. The result showed that the physical and mental benefits of UGSs were stronger on sunny days (pulse: [t = 2.169, p < 0.05]; positive affect: [Z = -10.299, p < 0.001]; perceived restortiveness: [Z = -3.224, p < 0.01]). The spaces with exposed sky had greater physiological restorativeness on sunny days; the spaces with calm water had greater emotional restorativeness on cloudy days, and natural spaces with less sky exposure had greater perceived restoration in both weather conditions. The spaces with water and less sky exposure promoted psychophysiological restoration in both weather conditions. This study demonstrates that weather significantly influences the restorative potential of UGSs, and there are also restorative variations in different green space environments under two weather conditions. In future UGS planning practices, it would be advisable to select appropriate environmental types and features based on the climatic characteristics of different regions. For instance, in areas with frequent overcast conditions, incorporating serene water bodies could be advantageous, while regions with predominantly sunny weather should encompass spaces with expansive sky views. By conducting comprehensive research on restoration environments that take weather conditions into account, new insights and nature-based solutions can be provided for creating healthy human habitats in the context of global climate change.

Contextual Targeting in mHealth Apps: Harnessing Weather Information and Message Framing to Increase Physical Activity

Mobile technologies provide a unique opportunity for practitioners to identify users’ real-time context and provide personalized interventions to influence their behaviors. However, less is known about a way to improve the effectiveness of mobile health intervention by using context information. This study provides design guidelines on how to use weather information with messaging formats to spur exercise. Through a field experiment that each participant experience different weather conditions in two different treatment periods under the gain or loss interventions, we found that the effects of gain or loss interventions under different weather conditions are heterogeneous. Loss intervention leads to higher fulfillment of exercise goals than gain intervention in sunny weather, whereas gain interventions are more effective than loss interventions in cloudy weather. In addition, we found that weather-based intervention can be used repeatedly over time without losing its effectiveness. Furthermore, we reveal that weather-based intervention is effective toward at-risk populations such as inactive individuals or lower income groups, serving as an mhealth solution that closes the health gap between the haves and have nots. Our findings provide useful guidelines for health service providers and health policymakers regarding how to effectively leverage contextual cues into mobile health intervention.

Development and evaluation of a hybrid smart solar dryer.

A hybrid smart solar dryer (HSSD) based on indirect forced convection and a controlled auxiliary heating system was developed, fabricated, and tested to be convenient for sunny and cloudy weather conditions. The achievements of the developed dryer focus on controlling the temperature of the dryer, increasing the drying rate, reducing energy consumption, and providing high-quality products. The HSSD was tested and evaluated for drying basil and sage herbs at 30, 40, and 50°C. The results showed that the fresh basil and sage leaves of 1kg with a moisture content of 84.7% and 75.53% (wet basis) were dried within 58, 46, 32 and 38, 28, and 20h at 30, 40, and 50°C, respectively. Correspondingly, the traditional drying methods achieved 96h outdoors and 144h indoors at room temperature. The average of the fabricated flat-plate solar collector efficiency (thermal efficiency, ηfpsc ) was ranged from 49.18%±9.52% to 66.02%±2.8%. The highest drying rates were achieved with the HSSD method. Moreover, the HSSD method led to a remarkable saving in energy with values ranging from 25.54% to 77.1% versus the traditional drying methods. While the best quality in terms of essential oil content and microbial load for the dried basil and sage herbs was achieved by the HSSD at 40°C. Finally, the HSSD is a promising energy-efficient method where it can save 70% of energy consumption, thus reducing the carbon footprint of drying processes, and providing higher quality products compared to the conventional methods.