Psoriasis is a common, chronic skin disorder that has negative impacts on patients’ quality of life, and is triggered by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. However, epidemiological evidence about the effect of air pollution on psoriasis risk is still limited and inconsistent. The generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to investigate the association between common air pollutants and daily psoriasis outpatient visits in Guangzhou, China from 2013 to 2019. The analysis focused on particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 μm and 2.5 μm (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). To examine the effect modifications, stratified analyses were conducted by gender, age, and season. Population attributable fraction of psoriasis burden from ambient air pollution exposure was further calculated. A total of 145,034 psoriasis outpatient visits were included during the study period. Each 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2 was significantly associated with an excess risk of psoriasis outpatient visits of 3.46% (95% CI: 2.53%, 4.39%), 2.51% (95% CI: 1.86%, 3.17%), 4.73% (95% CI: 2.67%, 6.82%), and 4.75% (95% CI: 3.78%, 5.73%) at lag05. Stratified analysis revealed notably stronger effects during the cold seasons. Based on the World Health Organization’s Ambient Air Quality Guidelines, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2 accounted for 9.08% (95% CI: 6.54%, 11.74%), 4.73% (95% CI: 3.45%, 6.06%), 8.93% (95% CI: 6.99%, 10.93%), and 0.18% (95% CI: 0.10%, 0.27%) of psoriasis outpatient visits, respectively. In conclusion, short-term air pollution exposure is an important risk factor for psoriasis outpatient visits, especially in cold seasons. PM2.5 and NO2 accounted for a relatively larger attributable burden among common air pollutants. Effective strategies are needed for air pollution control and prevention of psoriasis exacerbation.

In November 2024, the eruption of Mount Lewotobi Laki-laki on Flores Island, Indonesia, resulted in the release of substantial volcanic aerosols, including sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and volcanic debris. These aerosols impacted the environment, health, and aviation activities. The objective of this investigation is to examine the temporal and spatial dynamics of volcanic aerosols by employing the Absorbing Aerosol Index (AAI) in conjunction with TROPOMI satellite data (Sentinel-5P). The methodologies employed are as follows: spatial-temporal analysis with Google Earth Engine (GEE), aerosol dispersion simulation with the HYSPLIT model, and data processing with the Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP). The results indicated a substantial increase in volcanic activity from November 8th to 11th, 2024, as evidenced by an ash column that reached a height of as much as 10,945 m. The distribution of aerosols was influenced by atmospheric dynamics, with high concentrations observed in the vicinity of Mount Lewotobi Laki-laki and extending to the east-southeast. Although the level of volcanic activity declined in late November, aerosol concentrations were still detected in the atmosphere. This investigation offers critical insights into the distribution of volcanic aerosols during the eruption and its effects on disaster risk mitigation and air quality. It is anticipated that these discoveries will facilitate the implementation of more sustainable and effective risk management strategies for volcanic eruptions.

This study assesses the impact of municipal solid waste management on ambient air quality in Baghdad, Iraq (2024) by combining the AERMOD dispersion model with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The research focused on major pollutants, including methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), non-methane organic compounds (NMOCs), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), originating from both Al-Nabai landfill and the city's waste transport fleet. Emissions from the landfill were estimated using the LandGEM model based on site-specific data, while vehicle pollution concentrations were measured using a portable Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Dispersion modeling revealed maximum concentrations near the landfill, with peak values of 279,670 μg/m3 (CO2), 102,638 μg/m3 (CH4), 4381 μg/m3 (NMOCs), and 49.84 μg/m3 (CO). Concentrations decreased by 85.1% within 10 km, although CH4 and CO2 remained above background levels beyond 30 km downwind along prevailing northwesterly winds. Vehicle fleet pollution concentrations were highest near transfer stations and major corridors, with peaks of 1386.43 μg/m3 (NO2), 481.23 μg/m3 (CO), 446.18 μg/m3 (CH4), and 239.62 μg/m3 (SO2). Findings highlight the need for a 10 km minimum buffer around landfills and recommend siting future disposal facilities more than 40 km east of Baghdad's urban core. This research provides the first integrated framework combining LandGEM, AERMOD, GIS, and field FTIR data to characterize stationary and mobile waste-related emissions in Iraq, offering critical insights for sustainable urban air quality management.

Machine learning prediction of cardiovascular disease risk progression from sulfur dioxide exposure in longitudinal population studies in China.

Cisplatin is widely used in the treatment of advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma; however, its therapeutic application is often limited by a high incidence of drug resistance. Recent studies have demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), acting as gaseous signaling molecules, exhibit anti-cisplatin resistance properties in tumor cells. Nevertheless, developing appropriate chemical tools to investigate the mechanisms underlying NO and SO2 mediated cisplatin resistance to cisplatin remains challenging. This study designed and synthesized a dual-responsive fluorescent probe to detect peroxynitrite (ONOO−) and SO2, enabling them to be visualized within cells. Using this probe to detect and image ONOO− and SO2 in cisplatin-resistant cell lines revealed that NO and SO2 combat cisplatin resistance by generating highly reactive ONOO− and depleting intracellular glutathione. The IC50 values of cisplatin-resistant cells treated with NO and SO2 were significantly lower than those of the control group. These results indicate that HCy–ONOO−–SO2 can serve as a powerful chemical tool for investigating the mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

This study investigates the seasonal variability and spatial distribution of key air pollutants across 20 distinct sites in Srinagar, Kashmir Valley, India, from summer 2022 to spring 2023. Using calibrated handheld sensors, five ambient air quality parameters, including carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), PM2.5, and PM10, were monitored across diverse land use categories, such as residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, and ecologically sensitive zones. The results revealed distinct seasonal and spatial variations in pollutant concentrations, with winter showing the highest pollution levels due to increased combustion for heating purposes, reduced atmospheric dispersion, and temperature inversions. Commercial and industrial zones recorded the highest PM10 and CO levels, while ecologically sensitive zones consistently exhibited the lowest concentrations. Statistical analysis (two-way ANOVA with post-hoc tests) confirmed that these seasonal and land-use differences were highly significant (p < 0.05), supporting the robustness of the observed trends. Spatial interpolation using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method highlighted pollution hotspots and visualized seasonal shifts in distribution. The results highlight the combined influence of land use, meteorological conditions, human activity density, and topography on air quality in a high-altitude urban environment. This study provides the first seasonally resolved, site-specific air quality dataset across diverse land-use zones in Srinagar, filling a critical monitoring gap for high-altitude Indian cities and informing local mitigation strategies. Findings underscore the need for season-specific interventions and demonstrate the utility of low-cost sensors for high-resolution environmental monitoring and evidence-based urban planning.

The reduction or elimination of sulphur dioxide (SO2) in winemaking represents a major technological and sustainability challenge due to the central antimicrobial and antioxidant roles of this additive. This study evaluated the technological feasibility and chemical stability of a no-added-SO2 vinification protocol applied under controlled winery conditions over four consecutive vintages, compared with a conventional sulphite-based protocol. The no-added-SO2 protocol integrated closed-circuit operations, controlled inert gas management, temperature-regulated fermentation, strict hygiene practices, the addition of grape seed extracts as alternative antioxidant agents, and real-time monitoring of CO2 production and O2 availability via a smart tank. Across all vintages, wines produced using the no-added-SO2 protocol showed regular alcoholic and malolactic fermentations and volatile acidity values consistently below the sensory perception threshold (1.2 g/L). Total SO2 levels ranged between 0.3 and 86 mg/L and free SO2 ranged between 0.4 and 16 mg/L, attributable exclusively to endogenous yeast production. Multivariate analysis confirmed that vintage was the dominant factor affecting most compositional parameters, particularly phenolic and anthocyanin profiles, whereas sulphur dioxide management represented a secondary but clearly identifiable source of variability. These findings indicate that sulphur dioxide-free vinification is technically feasible when supported by precise process control and continuous real-time monitoring. Rather than a universal replacement for conventional sulphite management, the no-added-SO2 protocol should be regarded as a complementary and technologically contingent tool for sustainable SO2 reduction within a precision oenology framework.

The temporal variation of air pollutants and their dispersion patterns in Dattawadi, Nagpur, India, based on twice a week air quality monitoring with 104 measurements over the study period, with HYSPLIT, a trajectories and backward dispersion modeling. sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) were consistently at lower levels compared to their national standards, with median values being 7 µg/m3 and 23 µg/m3, respectively. Particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, and TSPM), on the contrary, reached critical levels and consistently exceeded the maximum acceptable limits. The average PM10 was 90 µg/m3 and often surpassed the 100 µg/m3, with 46 occurrences exceeding that level and reaching a daily maximum of 180 µg/m3. PM2.5 averaged at 62 µg/m3, which is above its 60 µg/m3 standard, with 45days having daily average excesses and high values up to 127 µg/m3. The TSPM levels also regularly exceeded 159µg/m3 and even climbed to 250 µg/m3. The seasonal study indicated that meteorological conditions varied in their effect on pollutant dispersion, long-distance transportation of pollutants originating in the North-Northeast, which resulted in significant accumulation of pollutants and high deposition possibilities (up to 5.4 × 10-10 mg/m2 in post-monsoon). Summer displayed stronger winds and contributed to increased vertical mixing, whereas the monsoon season was more favorable due to wet deposition by the southwesterly and westerly winds, leading to cleaner air. These results highlight the need for a season and problem focused approach to air quality management to minimize particulate pollution and protect the health of the population.

Environmental exposures are increasingly recognized as important drivers of ocular surface inflammation, yet their combined contribution to the onset, exacerbation, and clinical burden of allergic conjunctivitis (AC) has not been comprehensively synthesized. This systematic review evaluated the evidence linking air pollutants, aeroallergens, and indoor or occupational exposures with allergic conjunctivitis. The review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 and AMSTAR-2 guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251162399). PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from inception to 18 September 2025. Two independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality using the MINORS tool. Owing to substantial heterogeneity, findings were synthesized narratively. Twenty-nine studies were included, encompassing more than three million outpatient visits. Consistent associations were observed between particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone with increased AC incidence and symptom severity, with variations by age, sex, and season. Pollen and air pollutants frequently acted synergistically. Indoor exposures were associated with increased risk in children, while occupational settings demonstrated exposure–response relationships. Experimental studies identified mechanisms involving epithelial barrier disruption, NF-κB activation, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin signaling. Overall, environmental exposures substantially contribute to allergic conjunctivitis and may inform improved prevention and personalized clinical management.

Association of ambient air pollutants with risk of lung cancer subtypes and survival after diagnosis.

Nitrogen stable isotope (δ15N), PCBs, PAHs and their nitro derivates (NPAHs) in tree rings as a reliable tool for air pollution reconstruction in urban areas: A study of CO, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, and SO2 concentrations in the air.

A materialized intelligent sensing platform driven by ultra-sensitive fluorescent probe: Smart phone-assisted portable detection of SO2 and its derivatives.

Triple-Channel fluorescent probe for simultaneous detection of Cys, SO₂, and H₂S to discriminate Cancer cells via Transsulfuration pathway metabolic profiling.

Lake water and sediment chemistry responses to reductions in mercury, other heavy metals, and sulfur dioxide emissions from the Flin Flon smelter, Manitoba, Canada, with historic comparisons to other emitters.

A ratiometric fluorescent probe with a large emission shift for the detection of sulfur dioxide derivatives in live cells, foods and plant.

Ambient air pollution and hospitalization of wide-spectrum digestive diseases: A nationwide case-crossover study in China.

A versatile aggregation-induced emission probe: Accurate quantification, on-site detection, and bioimaging of sulfur dioxide derivatives using a colorimetric and near-infrared fluorescent probe.

Air pollution is one of the most pressing environmental issues, with direct impacts on human health and environmental quality. The increasing intensity of transportation activities, industrial operations, forest and land fires, and regional development in South Sumatra Province has increased the risk of air pollution, particularly from nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). This study aims to analyze the concentrations and multi-year trends of NO2 and SO2 in South Sumatra based on passive sampler measurements conducted at 68 monitoring sites across 17 districts and municipalities during the period 2021–2024. The results show that the average concentrations of NO2 ranged from 6.654 to 9.944 micrograms per cubic meter, while SO2 concentrations ranged from 7.303 to 8.456 micrograms per cubic meter. All measured concentrations were below the National Ambient Air Quality Standards as well as the European Union guideline values. Trend analysis indicates a consistent decrease in NO2 and SO2 concentrations from 2021 to 2024. These findings contribute to the availability of long-term air quality data and enhance understanding of NO2 and SO2 dynamics, providing a scientific basis for the development of evidence-based strategies for air pollution control and prevention in South Sumatra Province. Keywords: nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, passive sampler, South Sumatra, air pollution trends.

Currently, there are limited data to support the association between sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposure and semen quality. Here, we analyzed nine elements including vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), and strontium (Sr) in seminal plasma of 738 participants using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Each participant was assigned an average SO2 exposure of 0-90 days preceding semen collection. Associations were determined using multivariable linear models, susceptible exposure windows were identified via distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNM), and indirect effects and effect modification were examined based on mediation and interaction analyses. Notably, SO2 exposure was negatively associated with sperm concentration (β: -0.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.13 to -0.01; P = 0.02), total sperm count (β: -0.09; 95% CI: -0.15 to -0.03; P < 0.01), progressive motility (β: -0.04; 95% CI: -0.07 to -0.01; P = 0.02), and total motility (β: -0.03; 95% CI: -0.07 to -0.01; P < 0.01), but positively associated with sperm abnormal morphology (β: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.42; P < 0.01). DLNM identified a susceptibility window during spermiogenesis (lags 37-69 days). Se was positively associated with sperm concentration (β: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.45; P < 0.01) and total sperm count (β: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.40; P < 0.01), mediating 23.6% and 14.6% of the effects of SO2, respectively. A significant interaction between SO2 and Ni was detected in sperm abnormal morphology (β: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.51; P = 0.02). These results indicate that SO2 exposure may reduce semen quality, and this effect may be mediated by Se and modified by Ni.

The sulfur-containing volatile organic compounds (VOSCs) have a pronounced potential to impact the atmosphere. Hence, studying their photooxidation reactions with tropospheric oxidants has substantial relevance. Allyl methyl sulfide (AMS), which falls under this category, is found to be released from various sources. Hence, the present study explored the kinetics of AMS + OH and AMS + Cl reactions over 283-363 K, employing both experimental and computational methodologies. Pulsed laser photolysis─laser-induced fluorescence (PLP-LIF) technique was utilized to determine the rate coefficients of the AMS+OH reaction, whereas the kinetics of the AMS + Cl reaction were assessed using the relative rate (RR) technique, aided by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The reaction products formed during the oxygen-assisted AMS + Cl reaction were separated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The Arrhenius expressions determined using experimental methodologies include kAMS+OH(283-363 K) = (3.28 ± 1.07) × 10-12 exp{(534 ± 104)/T} and kAMS+Cl(283-363 K) = (9.14 ± 1.34) × 10-11 exp{(426 ± 47)/T} cm3 molecule-1 s-1. Computational studies were performed to complement the experimental findings and confirmed the addition pathways as the major pathways in both reactions. An inverse correlation with the temperature was observed for the rate coefficients of AMS + OH and AMS + Cl reactions. At the same time, the AMS + OH reaction kinetics were found to be independent of the pressure, and a positive correlation with the pressure was revealed for the AMS + Cl reaction. Sulfur dioxide, a key product of the AMS+Cl reaction, can lead to various atmospheric issues that can cause serious human health problems.