A ruthenium-catalyzed addition of sulfonic acids to acetylene is reported. This method employs bulk industrial feedstock acetylene as C2 synthon under atmospheric pressure to access vinyl sulfonates in good to excellent yields without using toxic mercury catalysts, offering high atom economy and practical scalability. The resulting vinyl sulfonates serve as versatile vinylating reagents and can be readily transformed into diverse functionalized molecules.

Ionic PFAS in PM2.5 and Dust: Insights on Indoor-Outdoor Profiles and Distribution.

The AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Strategic Food Analytical Methods approved AOAC INTERNATIONAL Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPRs®) 2023.003 for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in produce, beverages, dairy products, eggs, seafood, meat products, and feed. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) method is a single laboratory validated (SLV) method for determination of 30 PFAS in food and feed. In response to a call for minimum method performance characteristics and analytical requirements, the FDA's method for detection of PFAS in food and feed was validated in a single laboratory study with comparison to AOAC SMPR 2023.003. Samples were extracted using (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe) QuEChERS followed by solid phase extraction (SPE) clean-up and concentration using nitrogen. Analysis was performed using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method was validated for parameters such as limit of quantification, recovery, repeatability, system suitability, and reference materials were analyzed. A full validation was conducted in European Union (EU)-regulated matrixes (eggs, shrimp, clams, salmon, chicken, beef liver) and other matrixes (produce, milk, baby food, ground coffee, fish oil, protein powder, corn snaplage) with satisfactory performances both in terms of recovery and reproducibility. Recovery percentages at target limits of quantification (LOQ) and two additional levels for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) were between 80-120% and repeatability (RSDr) results were ≤20% for EU-regulated matrixes. For other matrixes recovery percentages were between 65-135% and repeatability results were ≤25%. All were within acceptable ranges as per AOAC SMPR 2023.003. The FDA's method for detection of 30 PFAS in food and feed compares favorably with the requirements of AOAC SMPR 2023.003 and should be adopted as a First Action AOAC Official Method. The FDA's single lab validated method for PFAS detection in food and feed meets the requirements of AOAC SMPR 2023.003.

Reliable mass accuracy is essential for the confident identification of diagnostic fragment ions in high-resolution mass spectrometry. During the analysis of perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) with a Q Exactive Orbitrap, we consistently observed the characteristic O3Ṡ- fragment, expected at a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of 79.9574, reported at m/z 79.9568, a systematic deviation of approximately -6 parts per million (ppm). Similar errors affected other ions below m/z 100, while precursors and higher-m/z fragments remained within the specification. Comparison with an Exploris 120 instrument, calibrated with anchors down to m/z 59, confirmed that the deviation is not intrinsic to the ion but originates from the limited calibration range of the Q Exactive standard calibration solution. We demonstrate that extending calibration to include additional low-m/z anchors generated in situ by in-source fragmentation fully corrects the error without affecting the accuracy at a higher m/z. This adjustment resolves systematic deviations for ions below m/z 100 in the Q Exactive instruments.

Production of Sustainable Aviation Fuel Precursor from Furanics Using High Surface Area Ordered Mesoporous Sulfonic Acid Functionalized Silica

Selective lead leaching from lead refining dross using methanesulfonic acid: kinetics and process optimization

Kinetic leaching studies using methanesulfonic acid (MSA) as an eco-friendly lixiviant for high nickel NCM black mass leaching

Chemicals in homes and gardens: understanding sources, exposure and risk.

Optimization of the electrodeposition process of Sn bi eutectic alloy in a methanesulfonic acid system

Fate and transport of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) across the groundwater-to-estuary continuum in an aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)-impacted watershed.

Colorimetric sensing platform based on persulfate activation on fluorine-modified metal-organic frameworks for fast and selective detection of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid

Inflammation mediates the association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure and kidney function: Integrating epidemiological and animal evidence.

Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) perturbs skeletal muscle oxidative phosphorylation by a different mechanism than liver.

PFAS-induced immunotoxicity in freshwater fish of inland China: mechanisms and ecological risks.

Spatiotemporal distribution, source apportionment, and driving factors of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the river-to-sea systems of China Between 2004 and 2024.

Sulfonic acid electrolyte additives realizing high-energy-density magnesium-air batteries by pH-controlled interphase engineering and in situ protective layer construction

Abstract Methanesulfonic acid (MSA), an acid molecule with properties similar to that of sulfuric acid (SA), has attracted increasing attention for its role in driving atmospheric new particle formation (NPF). Currently, ethanolamine (MEA) is recognized as the most promising atmospheric organic amine for promoting the formation of MSA‐based clusters. Given the complexity of multi‐component aerosol nucleation mechanisms, it is essential to explore the potential of other gaseous substances participating in the MSA‐MEA‐driven NPF. Formic acid (FA), the most abundant organic acid in both the atmospheric gas phase and particulate phase, warrants urgent investigation regarding its potential role in aerosol nucleation. Herein, we investigate the enhancement potential of FA on MSA‐MEA‐driven NPF within the troposphere. The results indicate that the enhancing effect of FA emerges in the lower troposphere ( T ≤ 278.15 K) when [FA] ≥ 10 10 cm −3 . The enhancement strength, R FA , increases with decreasing temperature and increasing FA concentration, reaching a factor of up to 21.54 at 258.15 K, and is most significant in regions with high MEA emissions. At 258.15 K, when [FA] ≥ 10 11 cm −3 , FA can directly promote the MSA‐MEA‐FA growth pathway, rather than merely acting as a catalyst for the MSA‐MEA pathway. Consequently, the ternary MSA‐MEA‐FA nucleation mechanism may play a crucial role in the NPF processes in cities with severe Industrial pollution, forested areas, industrial zones rich in volatile compounds, cold oceans, and polar regions.

Beyond the watchlist: How the TOP assay exposes untargeted PFASs for current and future regulations in consumer products.

Per- and poly fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose significant global health risks. Although the use of classical PFAS such as perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is regulated, the toxicological effects of alternative PFASs remain unknown. Cleft palate is a congenital condition influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Although PFOS has been linked to cleft palate, the effects of other PFAS compounds remain unexplored. The aim of this study was to clarify the involvement of classical and alternative PFAS (PFHxA and PFHxS) in human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cell (HEPM) proliferation. Following PFAS treatment for 48 h, cell viability, apoptosis, and expression of cell cycle-related proteins were tested. In addition, miRNA levels and predicted target genes were measured, and a rescue experiment against PFHxS was conducted using an miR-374a-5p inhibitor. Among the four PFASs, PFHxS decreased the number of cells showing cyclin- and cyclin-dependent kinase reduction. In addition, PFHxS treatment upregulated miR-374a-5p and downregulated its downstream genes. Furthermore, miR- 374a-5p inhibitor alleviated the PFHxS-induced reduction in cell proliferation. These findings therefore indicate that miR-374a-5p plays a key role in the development of PFHxS-induced cleft palate and that alternative PFAS may have a highly toxic effect on HEPM cells.

ABSTRACT Hydrogel membranes composed of poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) and sultone‐modified poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were successfully synthesized and evaluated as promising proton‐conducting materials. A key advantage involves the premodification of PVA with 1,3‐propane sultone to introduce sulfonic acid groups, thereby imparting proton conductivity to the PVA backbone. This sultone‐modified PVA was then physically entangled within a PAMPS cross‐linked network to form novel semi‐interpenetrating network (semi‐IPN) hydrogels. This synergistic design leverages the excellent film‐forming and mechanical properties of PVA with the high proton conductivity inherent to PAMPS. The synthesized membranes exhibited robust mechanical properties, with tensile strengths ranging from 5 to 30 MPa and percentage elongations between 200% and 400%, depending on their humidity content. These hydrogel membranes demonstrated proton conductivities ranging from 0.6 to 4.3 × 10 −2 S cm −1 . The activation energy for proton conduction was found to be as low as 3.5 kJ mol −1 , significantly lower than that of the commercial benchmark membrane, Nafion 117 (12 kJ mol −1 ). These findings underscore the potential of these novel PAMPS/sultone‐modified PVA semi‐IPN hydrogel membranes for advanced fuel cell applications.