Inconsistent reporting can bias suicidality research findings. This study focused on an overlooked pattern-endorsing suicide plans while denying suicidal ideation-and estimated its impact on suicidality prevalence in the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Publicly available Youth Risk Behavior Survey data from 1993 to 2023 (n = 242,403) were analyzed. Four suicidality indicators were examined: active suicidal ideation, suicide plans, suicide attempts, and post-attempt medical treatment. Statistical analyses included proportion tests and Cohen's h. Overall, 3.1% of respondents reported suicide plans while denying suicidal ideation. Screening out inconsistent reporters systematically impacted the prevalence of suicide plans. By contrast, the prevalence of active suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and post-attempt medical treatment was only marginally affected. Decisions to include or exclude participants who endorsed suicide plans while denying suicidal ideation should be explicitly justified. Findings underscore the importance of addressing inconsistent reporting and suggest that the suicide plan item may require wording revision to enhance its validity.

Suicide remains one of the leading causes of death globally, with growing evidence that humanitarian emergencies and fragile states, most of which unfold in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs), are associated with elevated risk of suicide. However, the few suicide-targeted interventions for use in humanitarian contexts remain both sparse and fragmented. This scoping review aims to identify and synthesise evidence from suicide and self-harm prevention interventions implemented in all types of humanitarian settings, globally, that have been evaluated for their effectiveness in improving suicide and self-harm-related outcomes. We systematically searched eight electronic databases, including two grey literature databases, and relevant organisational websites for records published through November 2024 and in any language. Screening was done using the Covidence platform, with each record independently screened by two reviewers. Among other preselected inclusion criteria, studies must have conducted a quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of an intervention on improving suicide and self-harm-related outcomes during a humanitarian crisis to be included for data extraction. Data extraction and quality assessment were both conducted by two authors. In all, 6,209 records were screened at the title and abstract phase; 104 were included for full text screening; and 23 studies were included for data extraction. Most studies were conducted during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (COVID-19), and in high-income countries. Evaluated interventions encompassed various approaches, including psychotherapeutic, practical, and pharmacological assistance, often employing multiple components. The majority targeted the general population, were delivered via remote modalities and relied on mental health specialists for their administration. Overall, 15 (65.2%) interventions were associated with statistically significant positive effects on suicide and or self-harm-related outcomes. Promising approaches include cognitive behavioural therapy-based text services, skills-building programmes, and strategies that foster supportive environments for high-risk individuals. These findings highlight both promising approaches and critical gaps in suicide prevention efforts in humanitarian settings. The limited evidence base - particularly in LMICs and with particularly at-risk populations - alongside the increasing frequency of humanitarian crises, underscores the urgent need for future implementation and associated research of suicide and self-harm prevention initiatives within humanitarian contexts.

Background Perseverative coping refers to the persistent use of ineffective coping strategies, including the repetition of previously abandoned approaches. No empirical studies explored the mechanisms of stress and perseverative coping influences on suicide. Drawing on the stress and coping model of suicide risk and the diathesis-stress model of suicide, this study assessed the hypothesis that perceived stress moderates the relationship between perseverative coping and suicidal thoughts/suicide attempts. Method Participants comprised 912 college students (women = 485, men = 427) who completed self-report measures assessing perceived stress and perseverative coping. Six months later, they completed an additional questionnaire assessing suicidal thoughts/suicide attempts. Results Higher levels of perseverative coping and perceived stress were associated with higher levels of suicidal thoughts/suicide attempts. Moderating analysis revealed a significant interaction between perceived stress and perseverative coping, including that perceived stress moderated the relationship between perseverative coping and suicidal thoughts/suicide attempts. Conclusions This result indicated that when perceived stress was high, elevated levels of perseverative coping were associated with an increase in suicidal thoughts/suicide attempts. These findings implied that the transactional model of stress may contribute to the development of suicide research and that perseverative coping may prevent stress-induced suicidal thoughts/suicide attempts.

The irritability-suicidality link has been identified in extensive adolescent suicide research. Few studies, however, have investigated the mechanisms underlying this link within a developmental psychopathology framework. The present study aims to address this issue, with a consideration of contextual differences, by examining whether irritability observed at home and in school increases suicidal risk indirectly through dysfunctional parent-adolescent and peer relationships in a prospective cohort of 932 participants (53.0% girls; 54.6% Black, 25.2% White, 20.2% Mixed or Other race; from the United States). The general levels (i.e., random intercept, RI) of teacher-reported irritability across childhood (age 6-12) independently predicted mid- to late-adolescent suicidality (ages 16-18), whereas the parent RI and the interaction of these two RIs had limited predictive utility for suicidal risk. Poor relationships with parents and peers (age 14) partly mediated the prediction of suicidality from the parent and teacher RIs, respectively. These findings indicate that higher levels of teacher-reported irritability, irrespective of the levels of parent-reported irritability, place youth at greater risk for suicidality; dysfunctional parent-adolescent and peer relationships serve as possibly context-specific pathways from early irritability at home and in school, respectively, to later suicidality. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

Barriers to suicide research are also barriers to suicide prevention:Insights from conducting a mixed-methods project in oncology

Same outcome, different walls: rethinking comparisons in prison suicide research.

Identifying common reasons for Suicidal Ideation (SI) is central to prevention. Military suicide research has typically focused on combat experiences or non-work challenges such as mental illness, romantic relationships, finance, and legal issues. Stressors of performing military jobs in garrison are either absent from most suicide research, are uninformative by being presented as a homogenous category, or are restricted to relatively uncommon situations such as being under investigation. However, there are a number of reasons related to methodology and military culture to question whether more common non-combat occupational stressors, such as simply disliking one's job, might be more impactful to suicide behavior and SI than is currently reflected in the literature. As part of a climate survey across seven U.S. Army installations, 15,496 soldiers completed anonymous surveys, which included items from the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). Where SIs were indicated, soldiers were asked to select from a list of 16 potential non-combat related reasons any they felt were "main causes" for their SI. In total, 1617 soldiers (10.4%) reported a wish to be dead or thoughts of suicide in the past month. The top four endorsed reasons were all common occupational stressors: "Disliking your job" (51.0%); "Feeling like a failure in your career" (50.5%); "Feeling like you don't fit in at work" (46.2%); and "Lack of support from leaders" (34.9%). In total, 76.3% of soldiers with SI endorsed at least one of these stressors as a main cause. Problems with romantic partners and finances were identified less frequently (30.4% and 28.9%, respectively). Legal issues were endorsed by 9.7% and 5.9% for Army and non-Army legal/administrative actions, respectively. Soldiers who had some intention of acting on their SI (2.7% of soldiers) had a similar distribution of responses. Results show the importance of common non-combat occupational stressors as identified contributors to SI, and suggest that these factors have been underestimated for cultural and methodological reasons. Results suggest that suicide prevention efforts should include leader training to ensure that subordinates find satisfaction in their work, receive regular career-based counseling, form connections with their peers, and feel supported by their leaders.

Introduction: Suicide is a growing public health concern among adolescents worldwide. While many young people transition into healthy adulthood, adolescence remains a period of increased vulnerability for mental health. This study aims to examine scientific research on adolescent suicide and to analyze the major trends that have shaped the field over the past two decades. Methods: Data were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database. One thousand five hundred twenty-seven articles published between 2000 and 2024 with the keywords “suicide” and “adolescent/adolescents/adolescence” in their titles, and indexed in SSCI or SCI-E, were included. Network and cluster analyses were conducted using VOSviewer software. Results: Publications on adolescent suicide have increased steadily, peaking in 2023 with over 150 articles. Nearly 6,000 researchers from more than 1,900 institutions contributed, and articles originated from 84 countries across 450 journals. Collectively, the publications received over 50,000 citations, averaging 35 per article. Keyword analysis identified more than 2,000 distinct terms, with “adolescent,” “suicide,” and “suicide attempt” most frequent. Research trends emphasize the identification of risk factors, the prediction of suicidal behaviors, and longitudinal investigations of the post-pandemic period. Discussion: The findings revealed a thematic evolution, with a shift from descriptive studies toward predictive and interdisciplinary approaches. Technological advances, particularly machine learning and predictive models, increasingly shape research directions. Reliance on a single database is recognized as a limitation. Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of adolescent suicide research. The findings highlight the thematic evolution of the field and offer valuable insights to guide future scholarly work.

Ecological momentary assessment is a burgeoning methodology within suicide research, allowing for investigations of dynamics in suicidality and its risk factors in naturalistic settings. Less attention, however, has been paid to carefully examining whether measurement invariance is present across participants and prompts. This study examined the measurement properties of items assessing affective states in 237 adults with severe suicidal ideation (Mage = 27.12, 61.2% cisgender women, 86.9% White, 38.4% bisexual/pansexual). Utilizing latent Markov factor analysis, four questions were addressed: (a) how many measurement models (states) underlie the data? (b) how do these states differ? (c) were momentary suicidal intent and lifetime suicide attempts predictors of transitions between states? and (d) for whom does invariance hold? Results indicated that the best-fitting model had three states (R2entropy = .93). State 1 (Demoralization, 59% of observations) consisted of one factor characterized by high distress and lower arousal. State 2 (Agitated Arousal, 28%) consisted of one factor characterized by high distress and arousal. State 3 (Content, 13%) consisted of one factor characterized by low distress and absent arousal. Although these states were very stable across observations, momentary suicidal intent and suicide attempt history predicted transitions. Only a minority of participants (11.1%) remained in the same state throughout the entire study; thus, within-person and between-person invariance were insufficient. These findings underscore the importance of meticulous inspection of measurement properties when conducting intensive longitudinal research, as observations cannot be validly compared if measurement invariance is not met. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Extreme ("20") self-shocks during the Self-Aggression Paradigm and lifetime suicide attempt history: Potential use in suicide research.

ImportanceAlthough suicide attempt is the most robust estimator of suicide death, few individuals who attempt it go on to die by suicide (<10%), and approximately 50% of suicide deaths occur in the absence of evidence of prior attempts. The risks are particularly poorly understood in this group.ObjectiveTo study underlying polygenic liabilities among suicide deaths without evidence of prior nonfatal suicidality (SD-N) compared with suicide deaths with prior suicidality (SD-S), testing prior results showing significantly lower clinical risks of neuropsychiatric traits in SD-N vs SD-S.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, polygenic scores (PGS) were computed using summary statistics from 12 published source studies, then compared across SD-N and SD-S groups taken from the Utah Suicide Mortality Research Study (cases accrued between December 1998 and October 2022). PGS from the suicide death cohorts were also compared to unselected population controls. Evidence of prior suicidality was determined from diagnoses and clinical notes.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCohort differences in PGS reflecting neuropsychiatric conditions were tested using analysis of covariance, adjusting for sex, age, and genetic ancestry, followed by additional analyses within sex and within subgroups defined by age at death (50 years or younger vs older than 50 years). PGS spanned 12 neuropsychiatric conditions. Data were analyzed between July 2024 and July 2025.ResultsThe SD-N cohort (n = 1337) had significantly more male suicide deaths (1105 [82.65%] vs 974 [67.95%]), with an older mean (SD) age at death (47.5 [18.9] vs 41.4 [15.6] years) than the SD-S cohort (n = 1432). The control cohort (n = 19 499) had significantly fewer males (8597 [44.09%]) than both suicide death subsets. Genetic ancestry was similar across the SD-N and SD-S groups (96.77% and 96.81% European ancestry), and control (97.38% European ancestry) groups. Socioeconomic status was not significantly different across suicide cohorts adjusted for age and sex (occupation ranking SD-N mean [SD], 57.16 [24.54]; SD-S mean [SD], 54.72 [25.29]; t = 1.30; P = .70; maximum education SD-N mean [SD], 2.70 [1.12]; SD-S mean [SD], 2.67 [1.13]; Fisher exact test P = .38). Comparing SD-N to SD-S revealed significantly lower (false discovery rate P < .05) PGS in the SD-N group for major depressive disorder (adjusted mean difference, 0.085 [95% CI, 0.018-0.152]; P = .01), depressed affect (adjusted mean difference, 0.081 [95% CI, 0.012-0.149]; P = .02), anxiety (adjusted mean difference, 0.091 [95% CI, 0.021-0.161]; P = .01), neuroticism (adjusted mean difference, 0.102 [95% CI, 0.033-0.171]; P = .004), and Alzheimer disease (adjusted mean difference, 0.090 [95% CI, 0.021-0.1658]; P = .01), and lower (false discovery rate P < .10) PGS in SD-N for posttraumatic stress disorder (adjusted mean difference, 0.070 [95% CI, 0.001-0.139]; P = .04). Of note, SD-N PGS were not significantly different from controls for depressed affect (adjusted mean difference, 0.037 [95% CI, −0.019 to 0.093]), neuroticism (adjusted mean difference, −0.001 [95% CI, −0.057 to 0.055]), or Alzheimer disease (adjusted mean difference, −0.027 [95% CI, −0.083 to 0.029]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, SD-N showed significantly different genetic liabilities to neuropsychiatric conditions from SD-S. Results have implications for future suicide research and prevention for persons at risk of mortality.

Lived experience research in suicide explores how those personally affected by suicidality, suicide bereavement, or trauma offer unique insights that deepen understanding and improve research relevance, mental health care and support. Despite growing recognition, such work remains under-documented by researchers with lived experience themselves. This paper explores both the opportunities and tensions I encountered as a lived experience researcher, addressing emotional demands, dual roles, reflexivity and ethical considerations. This paper presents a first-person critically reflexive account of conducting suicide bereavement research as someone bereaved by suicide. I highlight some challenges of conducting suicide bereavement research, including ethical approvals, recruiting and supporting participants and prioritising self-care. I emphasise the importance of preparation, ethical sensitivity and emotional safety for all involved as key strategies for addressing these hurdles. My paper highlights the emotional and physical demands of lived experience research, emphasising its value in bridging academia and real-life experiences. I advocate for greater inclusion of lived experience voices in research to strengthen ethical, inclusive and impactful research that informs effective mental health care and policies.

Geographic inequalities in suicide mortality in Italy: Insights from spatial epidemiology.

3.2 2025 Klingenstein Third Generation Foundation Award for Research in Depression or Suicide, supported by the Klingenstein Third Generation Foundation: Suicidality and Self-Harm Behavior of Adolescents During the Early Phase of the War in Ukraine

1.51 Trajectories of Depression and Anxiety Profiles in Youth From the Texas Youth Depression and Suicide Research Network Study

The COVID-19 pandemic led to major disruptions in society across many spheres, including healthcare, the economy and social behaviours. While early predictions warned of an increased risk of suicide during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, rates of suicide deaths remained stable or decreased over that period for most countries. In contrast, the prevalence of suicidal ideation doubled and suicide attempts slightly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in the adult general population worldwide, accompanied by a higher prevalence of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. While these data can tell us what happened, they cannot tell us why. Qualitative suicide research seeks to understand experiences of individuals with suicide-related thoughts and behaviours, provides an in-depth exploration of their lives and interactions with others and centres their views and unique context. There is little qualitative research focusing on suicidality during the pandemic. This study will use a qualitative approach to explore the extent and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Canadians who experienced suicidality and review their experiences of accessing mental healthcare to identify key components in supporting safety and recovery. This study will involve approximately 100 semistructured interviews with participants across four Canadian provinces and will explore experiences with suicide-related thoughts and behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic. Transcripts will be analysed through qualitative analysis informed by constructivist grounded theory. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Board of the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto Academic Health Sciences Network (for JZ: CAMH REB No 104-2022). In addition to traditional peer-reviewed presentations and publications, a report will make study findings accessible to policy makers, media and the public.

The landscape of suicide risk factors in Latin America.

Objective Conducting youth suicide research comes with inherent challenges related to topic and age sensitivities. Despite this, there is a paucity of knowledge about how young people experience their research involvement. This study aimed to explore the experiences of young people with lived or living experience of suicide of being involved as collaborators or participants in suicide research. Method In this qualitative study, 13 semi-structured interviews were conducted via video software between August 11 and November 19, 2021. Participants included those aged 18–29 years, who had lived or living experiences of suicide, had been involved in suicide research, and were living in United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada. Eight participants had previously been involved in co-production and five as participants. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and reflexive thematic analysis was used to generate themes. Results Three themes were generated: (1) Young people want—but don’t always receive—support that is individualized, multi-faceted and actionable; (2) The relationship with the researcher drives the experience; and (3) Using traumatic experiences to create positive and meaningful change. Conclusion For young people with lived and living experience of suicide to be safely and effectively involved in suicide research, individual support that is nuanced, dynamic, and tailored is required, regardless of the type of research involvement.

This paper discusses key themes from the literature on navigating institutional ethics approval for suicide research. We used a narrative review approach to identify recurring issues that Research Ethics Committees (RECs) commonly raise as concerns and the strategies that might be effective to manage the intricacies of institutional processes. Six dominant themes were: risk aversion overshadowing benefits of suicide research; participant agency and informed consent; ethically reflexive practice is not supported through current processes; dominance of quantitative research tradition; lack of standardisation in RECs decision-making; and lack of evidence on risk in suicide research. Four strategies to navigate institutional ethics approval were: relationship-building and dialogue between researchers and RECs; researcher safeguarding strategies; supporting ethically reflexive practice of the researcher; and RECs processes are evidence-based and provide ethical justification. We suggest how to improve institutional ethics processes specifically for suicide research and highlight the need for more insight into REC members' perspectives.

ABSTRACT Suicide is an under-researched public health problem in Islamic countries. We examined the trend of suicide research in Islamic countries to identify the potential gaps. We searched Scopus and analysed the articles published on suicide in Muslim-majority countries for the period 1995–2024. The bibiometric analysis revealed that the number of papers on suicide has increased yearly. Türkiye was the leading country, universities from Iran were the leading institutes (especially Tehran University of Medical Sciences), S.M.Y. Arafat was the leading author (n = 90) from Bangladesh, and the Asian Journal of Psychiatry was the leading journal. We found that suicide research has increased in the Muslim-majority countries in the last three decades, and suggestions are made for stimulating this trend.