Scale For Suicide Ideation Research Articles

Immunological correlates of suicidality among adolescents with internalizing symptoms

BackgroundSuicide is a leading cause of death in adolescents and young adults globally. Well-established risk factors for suicide are depression and past suicide attempts. People experiencing suicidality may represent a distinct neurobiological group of people with depression. Because converging evidence has implicated inflammation in depression, we sought to investigate relationships between suicidality and immune markers in youth experiencing diverse mood and anxiety symptoms. We hypothesized that adolescents with suicidality would exhibit a unique immune signature. MethodsAdolescents underwent semi-structured interviews and completed self-reported measures to assess psychopathology, including suicidality (suicidal ideation, plans, or attempts). Fasting blood samples were collected, cultured with and without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate an inflammatory response, and analyzed for 41 immune analytes. To assess how immune function related to suicidality categorically and dimensionally, we conducted group comparisons and correlations while controlling for multiple comparisons using false discovery rate (FDR). To further uncover subtle immune-suicidality relationships, we employed a data-driven approach using factor analysis to extract major immune factors, each of which was subsequently correlated with suicidality measures. ResultsAmong 126 participants, 29 were healthy controls and 97 participants had internalizing symptoms; within the clinical group, 57 experienced suicidality. Three immune analytes differed between healthy controls, suicidal, and non-suicidal adolescents with internalizing symptoms in the LPS condition: Flt-3L (pFDR = 0.0246), GM-CSF (pFDR = 0.0246), and IFN-γ (pFDR = 0.0246). These analytes were negatively correlated with the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI): Flt-3L (ρ = −0.19, p = 0.04); GM-CSF (ρ = −0.26, p = 0.004); IFN-γ (ρ =−0.33, p = 0.0003). GM-CSF also negatively correlated with number of suicide attempts (ρ = −0.39, p = 0.003). Factor analysis reduced 41 analytes to several common immune factors across experimental conditions, with Flt-3L, GM-CSF, and IFN-γ all loading heavily onto immune factors that were hypoactive in suicidality. Through this data-driven approach, we detected further associations between suicidality and immune factors across all conditions. ConclusionsPeripheral immune function may be distinctly altered in adolescent suicidality. Future work should examine immune-suicidality relationships longitudinally.

Roles of Loneliness, Stress, and Religiosity in Suicide Ideation Among Nigerian Older Adults.

Suicidal behavior in older adults is a fundamental public health problem globally and the highest suicide rates occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there is limited research on suicidality among older adults, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. We sought to find out whether loneliness, stress and religiosity would be associated with suicide ideation in a sample of sub-Saharan African older adults (N = 500; aged 51-70 years, Mage = 58.97, SD = 6.16; 45.6% women). They completed the Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale, the UCLA Loneliness Scale-version 3, Perceived Stress Scale, and Religiosity Scale. Regression results showed that whereas suicidal ideation could be increased by loneliness and stress, religious older adults were less likely to report suicidal ideation. Interventions aimed at managing and protecting the mental health of older adults during their transition to late adulthood should guard them against loneliness and buffer their resilience and coping strategies with the connectedness that religiosity offers.

Inpatient Care for Elderly Suicide Survivors: Nurse-Led Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy.

The aim was to analyze the effects of nurse-led mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in hospitalized elderly suicide survivors. The data of middle-aged and elderly suicide survivors in the medical system and nursing records of our hospital from January 2018 to August 2023 were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into conventional group and MBCT group according to whether they actively received MBCT. The general demographic data of the patients and the changes in the scores of Suicidal Ideation Scale (SSI), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Patient Health Questionnaire 15 (PHQ-15), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) at admission and 3 and 6 months of follow-up were collected. Propensity score matching was used to balance the baseline data of the 2 groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the effect of the inpatient care program on each score. A total of 160 patients were included in the study, including 100 patients in the MBCT group and 60 patients in the conventional group. There was no significant difference in baseline data between the 2 groups after matching (P > .05). Suicidal Ideation Scale score, BHS score, PHQ-15 score, and GDS-15 score in MBCT group were lower than those in conventional group at 6 months of follow-up (P < .05). At the same time, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the intervention program was the main factor affecting the SSI (OR = 1.538, P = .010), BHS (OR = 1.614, P = .006), PHQ-15 (OR = 1.797, P = .001), and GDS-15 scores (OR = 1.642, P = .004) at 6 months of follow-up. The application of nurse-led MBCT in hospitalized elderly suicide survivors may reduce suicidal ideation, hopelessness, and depression and improve physical symptoms.

Investigating the State of Self-Harm and its Relationship with Suicidal Ideation in College Students: Evidence from a Cross-sectional Study in Southern Iran

Introduction Self-harm behaviors and suicidal ideation as two important psychological challenges can have irreparable consequences for students. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the state of self-harm and its relationship with suicidal ideation in students. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 290 students of different fields at Jiroft University of Medical Sciences in the south of Iran between June and September 2023. Data were collected using two standard questionnaires of the Beck scale for suicidal Ideation (BSSI) and self-harm behaviors. Descriptive statistics methods were used for the scores of self-harm behaviors and suicidal ideation. Pearson's correlation coefficient was also used to check the correlation between these two main variables, and statistical tests such as t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare averages between groups. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 23. Results Self-harm behaviors were at low, average, high, and very high levels in 24%, 67%, and 9% of students, respectively. Also, Suicidal ideation was in low, moderate, and high (readiness to commit suicide) levels in 5.6%, 3.4%, and 1.05% of students, respectively. Furthermore, 89.95% of students also had no suicidal thoughts. There was a statistically significant correlation between self-harm behaviors and suicidal ideation of students (p&lt;0.001, r=0.667). Also, the mean score of self-harm behaviors, including dormitory residents (p=0.02), males (p=0.04), singles (p=0.001), undergraduates (p=0.003), and unemployed (p=0.01) was significantly higher than others. In addition, the average score of suicidal ideation was significantly higher in students living in the dormitories (p=0.03), including singles (p=0.005), undergraduates (p=0.02), and unemployed (p=0.04) than in others. Conclusion It is suggested that the officials of student, counseling, and cultural affairs of universities improve the living conditions of students in dormitories, pay attention to the needs of students, and try to solve their mental and psychological problems, as well as provide employment and marriage of students to reduce their self-harm behaviors and suicidal ideation. Additionally, government policy interventions, such as routine mental health care screening programs for students and timely interventions to solve mental health problems, are suggested.

Suicidal ideation in medical students of Hebei province: prevalence and associated factors.

This study investigated the prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) among Chinese medical students and its associated risk factors. A total of 6643 medical students (2383 males/4260 females) were recruited from a medical college in Hebei Province, China. Demographic data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ-SF) was used to evaluate childhood maltreatment (CM), and the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist (ASLEC) was used to evaluate the stressful life events. Suicidal ideation was assessed using the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors affecting SI. The prevalence of SI in medical students was 11.5% (763/6643). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that SI was significantly associated with younger age, a female sex, being lovelorn, being introverted, experiencing CM during childhood, and experiencing stressful life events within the past 12 months. Of the five subtypes of CM, emotional abuse may have the strongest effect on SI (OR=2.76, 95% CI: 1.72-4.42). The joint effects of CM and stressful life events were significantly associated with an increased risk of SI (OR=5.39, 95% CI: 4.15-6.98). The prevalence of SI among medical students is high, and medical students who have experienced CM and stressful life events have a higher tendency towards SI. Screening for both CM and stressful life events may be an effective way of identifying individuals at high risk of SI.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELIGIOSITY AND SUICIDAL IDEATION IN FINAL SEMESTER STUDENTS

This study aims to determine the relationship between religiosity and suicidal ideation in final-semester students. The research was conducted using a correlational quantitative approach. The population in this study were final semester students of the Faculty of Ushuluddin and Da'wah with a sample of 107 people (80.4% female and 19.6% male) collected by random sampling technique and the scales used were religiosity scale and suicidal ideation scale. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between religiosity variables and suicidal ideation was -0.121, so it can be concluded that there is a negative relationship between religiosity and suicidal ideation in final-semester students. For further research, it can expand the scope of research and consider relevant variables.

Attachment-Based Family Therapy for Transgender Adolescent with Suicidal Thoughts: A Case Study

Aim: The aim of present study was the application of the Attachment-Based Family Therapy (ABFT) for a transgender adolescent with suicidal thoughts. Methods: Multiple baseline experimental single case study was used as the method of the present study. The population sample is a transgender adolescent (female to male) and his/her parent chosen according to the purposive sampling method. The adolescent completed The Suicidal Ideation Scale (SIS) over the course of the sessions. ABFT was implemented in twenty-seven 90 minute-sessions. Furthermore, visual inspection is applied to analyze and interpret data. Results: The results of this qualitative and step-by-step investigation of the attachment-based family therapy showed that this therapy was effective in significantly reducing the suicidal thoughts in the transgender adolescent. Conclusion: Effective intervention with transgender adolescents and their families can foster a secure attachment relationship. Family therapists may employ attachment-based family therapy to address suicidal tendencies among transgender individuals. This approach also supports families in navigating the transformative journey of their transgender child.

Association between suicidal ideation, negative symptoms and theory of mind in first episode psychosis.

Suicidal thoughts are common among patients with first episode psychosis (FEP). The impact of symptoms' severity and social cognition on suicidal risk should be a focus of attention. This study aimed at assessment of the severity of suicidal ideation in patients with FEP and its potential association with the theory of mind (ToM) impairment and symptoms' severity. Ninety-six participants were recruited consecutively and subdivided into three equal groups: FEP, schizophrenia, and healthy controls (HC). The symptoms' severity was assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Suicidal ideation was evaluated using Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI). Reading the Mind in the Eyes revised version (RMET) was used to assess ToM. Suicidal ideation was significantly higher only in FEP compared to HC (p = 0.001). Both FEP and schizophrenia had substantially lower performance than HC on RMET (p < 0.001). Higher depression (β = 0.452, p = 0.007) and negative symptoms (β = 0.433, p = 0.027) appeared to be significantly associated with increased suicidal ideation severity in FEP while RMET did not. Patients with FEP and chronic schizophrenia have comparable deficits in theory of mind dimension of social cognition. The severity of negative and depressive symptoms potentially contributes to the increased risk of suicide in FEP.

Serum lipid level as a biomarker in depressive disorder: A cross-sectional case control study

Objectives: This study investigates the potential of serum lipids as markers for depression, specifically focusing on symptoms such as suicidal ideation and anhedonia. In the context of advancing psychiatric biomarker research, this study aims to identify lipid-related markers and their underlying biological connections to depression, offering valuable insights for clinical practice and patient outcomes. Material and Methods: This case-control observational study was conducted over 18 months at a tertiary care center. The study enrolled patients aged 18–60 years diagnosed with depression attending outpatient and inpatient departments, totaling 100 subjects, including 100 cases and 100 controls, with gender and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls. Inclusion criteria for cases required depression diagnosis using the International Classification of Diseases-10-Diagnostic Criteria for Research criteria, while controls comprised healthy individuals within the same age range. Exclusion criteria encompassed comorbid psychiatric illnesses, substance use disorders (except tobacco), unstable medical conditions, lipid-lowering agent use, and a BMI over 30. Clinical assessments, including the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 item scale, Modified Scale for Suicidal Ideation, and Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale-Clinician administered, were administered. Serum lipid parameters, including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, were measured. Results: In a cross-sectional case-control study (n = 200), we examined serum lipids as potential depression biomarkers. Cases (n = 100) matched controls in age, BMI, and gender. Cases had lower TC (153.27 mg/dL vs. 171.34 mg/dL, P &lt; 0.01*). Serum TG and low-density lipoprotein also varied significantly with depression severity (P &lt; 0.01*). However, HDL levels remained consistent. No significant associations were found between suicidal ideation and anhedonia, and post hoc analyses revealed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in lipid parameters across various depression severity levels. Conclusion: These findings suggest a complex relationship between serum lipids and depression, with potential implications for understanding the biological underpinnings of depression and its severity. However, there was no such relationship that was observed between serum lipids and anhedonia or suicidal ideation. These insights could inform clinical practices and improve patient outcomes in depression management.

Impulsiveness, suicide, and aggression in a sample of patients with disorders of methyl amphetamine use.

Research has showed a link between patients with methamphetamine dependence and the risk of impulsiveness, aggression, and the risk of suicide. But, this link has not been studied in patients abusing methamphetamine, and it is unknown how impulsiveness, aggression, and the risk of suicide affect them. This cross-sectional study included 130 adult patients diagnosed with the disorder of the use of amphetamine, methamphetamine, cannabinoids, alcohol, other substances, and polysubstance admitted in the Addiction Department for Mental Health. Participants were interviewed for detailed psychiatric history using a structured questionnaire comprising of structured clinical interview for diagnosis I, Arabic version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS), Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation for the evaluation of suicidal ideation and behavior, and the Aggression and Hostility scale for adolescents and youth. SPSS was used for data analysis; Initial analysis included descriptive statistics: frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and mean and standard deviation for continuous variables. Chi-square test/Fisher's exact test assessed for association between categorical variables, whereas one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)/ Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare continuous variables. Patients who used methamphetamine either alone (23%) or with polysubstance (42.6%) were associated with higher suicidal risk than patients who did use other substances than methamphetamine (36.1%). A comparison of the three groups on impulsivity, showed significant difference regarding total scores, motor preservation, and non-planning self-control. No significant differences found between three groups on the aggression scores. There was a higher rate of impulsivity and suicidal risk in patients with methamphetamine dependence in comparison to dependence on other substances, while there was no difference with regard to aggression between patients with methamphetamine dependence and those dependent on other substances. This finding raises the issue of methamphetamine use disorder as a new substance of dependence.

Psychometric Properties of the Modified Scale for Suicidal Ideation-Self-Report–Revised With High-Risk Adolescents

In treatment-seeking samples, approximately 40% of adolescents with suicidal ideation transition to engaging in suicidal behavior. Thus, assessment of the severity of suicidal ideation during care is critically important. However, few free, self-report, evidence-based measures that assess for severity of suicidal ideation exist. To address this need, the present study examined several psychometric properties of a revised version of the Modified Scale for Suicidal Ideation–Self Report (MSSI-SR-R) with adolescents. A sample of 284 adolescents (Mage = 15.30; SD = 1.42; range = 12–18; 62.7% White; 75.7% Non-Hispanic/Latinx) enrolled in a partial hospital program (PHP) completed the MSSI-SR-R at the beginning of treatment. The factor structure of the MSSI-SR-R was assessed using bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling. Measurement invariance across sexual identity was also examined. Internal consistency was calculated using omega. Validity was assessed by comparing scores on the MSSI-SR-R to well-validated self-report measures of suicidal thought and behaviors as well as depressive symptoms. Results supported a bifactor model with a general factor and two specific factors (i.e., Desire/Ideation and Plans/Preparation), which was invariant across sexual identity. The MSSI-SR-R total score demonstrated good reliability and was positively associated with measures of suicidal ideation and behaviors as well as depressive symptom severity. Though additional psychometric work is needed, the MSSI-SR-R demonstrated good psychometric properties. It may offer utility in clinical settings as a brief, free, and validated assessment of severity of suicidal ideation.

Development and Effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy integrated Counseling Program for Reducing Suicidal Ideation

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a counseling program called Motivational Interviewing-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Integrated Counseling Program (MICBT-CP) and evaluate its effectiveness in post-case management of individuals who have attempted suicide.Methods: Twenty-eight participants with a history of suicide attempts and high scores on Beck’s Scale for Suicidal Ideation were divided into three groups: an experimental group (EG), control group 1 (CG1), and control group 2 (CG2). Each group received different interventions: MICBT-CP for the EG, cognitive-behavioral treatment-based case management (CBT-CM) for CG1, and general case management (GCM) for CG2. Measurements of suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness, problem-solving competence, life motivation, and perceived motivation were taken at baseline (T1), 6 weeks (T2), and 18 weeks (T3).Results: Significant improvements in life motivation, perceived motivation, and problem-solving competence were observed in the EG compared to CG1 and CG2. Moreover, the EG showed significant reductions in suicidal ideation, hopelessness, and depression. The treatment of CG2 with GCM did not yield significant results, indicating the limitations of current GCM in post-suicide attempt case management.Conclusion: The study emphasizes the need for effective programs such as MICBT-CP and improved practitioner skills in post-suicide case management.

CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY ON PROTECTIVE FACTORS AGAINST SUICIDE IN INDIVIDUALS WITH SEVERE DEPRESSION

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to find out “factors that prohibit those suffering from severe depression with suicidal ideation of committing suicide”, admitted to the psychiatric unit of a tertiary care hospital in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar. STUDY DESIGN Cross sectional study PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY This study was conducted in psychiatry department of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from May 2023 till November 2023. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We conducted this study on 230 admitted patients, and they were diagnosed with severe depression according to ICD-10 and beck scale for suicidal ideation was applied and a score of ≥ 8 was considered positive for the presence of suicidal ideations and then a “modified version of reasons for living scale” to identify protective factors against suicide. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. RESULTS The most common protective factor found in our study was religious and moral objections in 37.4% patients followed by fear of social disapproval in 17.4%, hopefulness and fear of suicide in 15.7% each and responsibility towards family was present in 13.9% patients. Data stratification for protective factors and other demographic characteristics including gender, residential, socioeconomic, marital, educational statuses and family system were statistically significant with their P-values of &lt;0.001. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that religious and moral objections were the most common protective factors in prevention of suicide, followed by fear of social disapproval, hopefulness, fear of suicide and responsibility towards family. Gender, residential, socioeconomic, marital, and educational statuses along with family system were significantly associated with the presence of protective factors against suicide.

Psychometric Properties of a Persian Version of the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) in Iranian Soldiers.

Objective: Suicide is an important health issue nearly all over the world. The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) is a well-known instrument for suicide risk assessment. Our purpose in this study is to provide a Persian version of the C-SSRS and evaluate its psychometric properties in the Iranian military population, particularly suicide risk leveling characteristic of the C-SSRS. Method : For linguistic adaptation, we gathered opinions of an expert panel consisting of 23 professionals in mental health sciences. Furthermore, this version was administered to two groups of soldiers, one representing a sample of normal population (N = 338), while the other group comprised a sample of clinical population from a referral psychiatric hospital (N = 348) in Tehran, capital of Iran, from July 2021 until one year later. Besides the C-SSRS, the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BSS), and General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ28) were obtained from the participants. Correlation coefficients, internal consistency, and factor analysis were evaluated using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 23) software. Results: All items of the Persian version of the C-SSRS had acceptable content validity and face validity. This tool demonstrated high correlation coefficients with the BSSI (r = 0.73, P < 0.001) and BHS (r = 0.64, P < 0.001), but a low correlation coefficient with the GHQ28 (r = 0.22, P < 0.001). Specifically, the suicide risk level based on the C-SSRS had a high correlation with both the BSSI and BHS. Also, its internal consistency was satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89). Furthermore, factor analysis revealed two factors that is consistent with suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior factors. Conclusion: Our results indicated acceptable validity and reliability for the Persian version of the C-SSRS, demonstrating its capability to classify suicide risk. It can be concluded that the ordinal suicide risk level (as red, orange, yellow and green) is a valid index for the application of the C-SSRS.

Effects of Different Anesthesia Applications on Mood, Depression, and Anxiety Levels in Burn Patients.

Adequate and effective pain management and prevention of depression are essential in patients with burns. This study aims to explore the effects of ketamine sedation in patients with burns in terms of mood disorders, depression, anxiety, and suicidality during postoperative follow-up in the intensive care unit. This study targeted subjects aged 18-65 years, in the ASA I-II class, with basic communication skills, no history of diagnosed mental illness, and no history of neuropsychiatric or cognitive disorders or related treatment. The study was conducted on 67 patients. After preoxygenation, anesthesia induction was practiced with 2 mg/kg intravenous (IV) propofol and 1 mcg/kg IV fentanyl in the general anesthesia group. Anesthesia was continued with a mixture of 0.3-0.5 mcg/kg/min remifentanil, 2% sevoflurane, 50% air, and 50% oxygen. In the sedation group, 1 mcg/kg IV fentanyl and 1 mg/kg IV ketamine were administered at induction; anesthesia was maintained by adding 30-50 mg IV propofol if necessary. The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI) have been administered via way of means of a psychiatrist preoperatively and on the primary postoperative day. In intragroup evaluations, MADRS values for the sedation anesthesia group decreased statistically significantly after the anesthesia (11.63 ± 5.49) compared to the preanesthesia period (14.44 ± 7.22) (P < .001). HAM-A scores of both anesthesia groups decreased statistically significantly after anesthesia. No patient was found to have suicidal ideation in all evaluations in which BSSI was used. Patients with burns may have a high potential for depression, anxiety disorders, and suicidal tendencies due to the trauma they have experienced. In these patients, sedation anesthesia with ketamine may reduce negative mood, depression, anxiety, and suicidal tendencies in the postoperative period.

Suicidal Ideation Status and Its Related Factors Among Older Adults in Yazd, Iran

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation and identify the factors associated with it among the elderly population in Yazd during the year 2021. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting(s): Tabriz, the capital city of the East Azerbaijan province in northwestern Iran. Participants: A total of 386 seniors aged 60 years and above, residing in Yazd, participated in this study. The sample consisted of 212 women and 174 men selected using the cluster random sampling method. Outcome measures: Data were collected via the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI). Results: Five percent of the participants have a high level of suicidal risk and readiness for suicide. Additionally, the mean score of suicidal ideation varied significantly based on demographic variables such as gender, occupation, education level, and income type (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the risk of suicidal ideation was higher among women compared to men, particularly among housekeepers compared to other occupational groups (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, elderly individuals who relied on support from their children and other supportive institutions as their source of income were more susceptible to suicidal ideation compared to others (P &lt; 0.05). In terms of education, elderly individuals with no education or only primary education had a higher risk of suicidal ideation compared to those with a high school diploma or higher education (P&lt;0.05). In addition, individuals with a history of psychiatric disorders, musculoskeletal diseases, high blood pressure, comorbidity, and high cholesterol levels obtained significantly higher scores for suicidal ideation compared to elderly individuals without these conditions (P&lt;0.05). Conclusions: The elderly individuals in Yazd exhibited a desirable level of suicidal ideation, with a low risk of suicide. However, the risk factors for suicidal ideation examined in this study highlight the need for increased attention by healthcare managers to the mental health of the elderly population.

Adulthood's Marital Adjustment and Suicidal Ideation

The present study attempted an empirical investigation to the marital adjustment and suicidal ideation of adulthood. In order to collect data, participants were selected purposively; a total 108 respondents were selected. Out of these 108 respondents, 54 were of single family and 54 were of joint family. In the 54 single families, 27 were of rural areas and 27 were of urban areas. And in the 54 joint families, 27 were of rural areas and 27 were of urban areas. Again, each group consisted of 9 early adulthood, 9 middle adulthood and 9 late adulthood. Their age ranges were from 17 to 60 above years. The Bangla version of "Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) (Ilyas 2001)" and "Suicidal ideation scale (Uddin and Hossain 2007)" were used to measure marital adjustment and suicidal ideation. The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation t-value, one- way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson product moment correlation. The findings of the present study showed that mean of marital adjustment of late adulthood shows more marital adjustment than middle and early adulthood (F=68.98,df=2,p&lt; 0.00); mean of marital adjustment of joint family was more than single family (F =14.24, df =1, p .&lt; 0.00); mean of marital adjustment of rural areas was more than the urban areas (F = 12.23, df = 1, p &lt; 0.00). On the other hand, early adulthood was more suicidal ideation than middle and late adulthood (F·=. 19.49, df =2, ·p &lt;0.00); single-family was more suicidal ideation than joint family (F = 6.08, df = l, p &lt;0.01); but residence had no significant on suicidal ideation. Result also 'showed negative correlation (r= - 0..32, p&lt;0.001 ) between marital adjustment and suicidal ideation of adults. The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci. 8(1&amp;2): 87-98.2013

Oral ketamine effects on dynamics of functional network connectivity in patients treated for chronic suicidality.

The underlying brain mechanisms of ketamine in treating chronic suicidality and the characteristics of patients who will benefit from ketamine treatment remain unclear. To address these gaps, we investigated temporal variations of brain functional synchronisation in patients with suicidality treated with ketamine in a 6-week open-label oral ketamine trial. The trial's primary endpoint was the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS). Patients who experienced greater than 50% improvement in BSS scores or had a BSS score less than 6 at the post-treatment and follow-up (10 weeks) visits were considered responders and persistent responders, respectively. The reoccurring and transient connectivity pattern (termed brain state) from 29 patients (45.6 years ± 14.5, 15 females) were investigated by dynamic functional connectivity analysis of resting-state functional MRI at the baseline, post-treatment, and follow-up. Post-treatment patients showed significantly more (FDR-Q = 0.03) transitions among whole brain states than at baseline. We also observed increased dwelling time (FDR-Q = 0.04) and frequency (FDR-Q = 0.04) of highly synchronised brain state at follow-up, which were significantly correlated with BSS scores (both FDR-Q = 0.008). At baseline, persistent responders had higher fractions (FDR-Q = 0.03, Cohen's d = 1.39) of a cognitive control network state with high connectivities than non-responders. These findings suggested that ketamine enhanced brain changes among different synchronisation patterns and enabled high synchronisation patterns in the long term, providing a possible biological pathway for its suicide-prevention effects. Moreover, differences in cognitive control states at baseline may be used for precise ketamine treatment planning.

Beyond Despair: Delving Deep into the Complex Threads of Suicidal Thoughts and Understanding Their Multifaceted Nature

Understanding suicidal thoughts requires a delicate examination of their multifaceted nature across different demographics. Through an online survey of 100 students in urban areas of Jaipur and Hyderabad, this study aimed to explore the complex threads of suicidal ideation, focusing on age and gender dynamics. Utilizing the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI) scale, the research assessed risk and protective factors associated with suicidal behavior. Findings revealed an equal gender distribution and an average age of 20.12 among participants. Contrary to hypothesized gender differences, statistical analysis showed no significant variance in risk levels across gender for the PANSI, PANSI-NSI, and PANSI-PI scales. However, age emerged as a significant factor, particularly influencing non-suicidal self-injury behaviours among younger age groups, as evidenced by the PANSI-NSI scale. Prevalence rates varied across scales, with the PANSI demonstrating the highest prevalence of symptomatic individuals. Through a synthesis of empirical research, theoretical frameworks, and clinical insights, this paper elucidates the complex interplay of risk factors and protective factors, highlighting the importance of tailored interventions and prevention strategies. This paper emphasizes the need for personalized interventions and prevention strategies. Ultimately, our goal is to foster understanding and support for individuals grappling with suicidal thoughts, no matter their age or gender.

Suicidal ideation and their relationship with job satisfaction and job strain among Jordanian hospitals' healthcare professionals: a cross-sectional study.

Suicidal ideation is a major health problem that occurs in response to complex interactions among psychological, sociocultural, and environmental factors. The phenomenon of suicidal ideation among healthcare professionals is still shrouded in mystery in Jordanian society, and there is still a scarcity of studies on its relationship with job strain and job satisfaction has been examined in the Arab world. Therefore, to fill this gap, this study aimed to reveal the prevalence of suicidal ideation among Jordanian hospitals health care professionals, and its relationship to job satisfaction and job strain. Additionally, how some sociodemographic factors were correlated with suicidal ideation levels, including age, sex, monthly income, occupation, years of experience, and sector type. Data were collected through a survey including sociodemographic characteristics, Suicidal ideation Scale (SIS), Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS), and Demand Control Support Questionnaire (DCSQ). The survey was distributed among 910 physicians and nurses of both sexes in public and private Jordanian hospitals. The survey was conducted using an anonymous online platform via Google Forms between October 2022 and December 2023. In light of the strain theory of suicide (STS), our results showed that physicians and nurses reported low levels of suicidal ideation and job satisfaction, with high levels of job strain. Suicidal ideation was positively correlated with job strain and negatively correlated with job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is negatively correlated with job strain. Job satisfaction was a significant mediator between job strain and suicidal ideation. Greater attention should be paid to the work environment in healthcare, particularly to enhance social support, increase job satisfaction levels, reduce job strain, and provide extensive training on effective prevention strategies for suicidal ideation and behaviour in the workplace. Additionally, policies and practices related to the health sector should be modified to create stable, healthy, and safe relationships and work environments.