Sugar Farmers Research Articles

Strategy for the development and sustainability of sugar palm farming (Case: Juhar Tarigan Village, Juhar District, Karo Regency)

The aim of this study is to identify internal and external factors in palm farming and to determine business development strategies located in Desa Juhar Kecamatan Binanga Kabupaten Karo. The location of the study was determined deliberately based on the consideration that the area under study is one of the centres of the palm farming. The method used in this research is purposive sampling that the sampling method is based on criteria or goals (intentional). The sample of this research is the owner of the palm sugar farming Data analysis was carried out by means of descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis. The results showed that the internal factors that influence the development and sustainability of sugar palm farming in Juhar Village, Tigabinanga District, Karo Regency, namely land availability and suitable agro-climate, farmer experience, availability of labour, availability of production inputs, quality of palm sugar. External factors that influence the development and sustainability of sugar palm farming in Juhar Village, Tigabinanga District, Karo Regency, namely high sugar demand, Ease of selling production, Training from the Government, Producer Level Prices, Supporting Institutions, Transportation Facilities, Marketing Reach, Labour Skills while the development strategy and the sustainability of sugar palm farming in Juhar Village, Tigabinanga District, Karo Regency is the ST Strategy (Strengths-Threats).

Diversifikasi Produk Olahan Berbahan Dasar Gula Merah Menjadi Aneka Minuman Bernilai Ekonomi Tinggi di Desa Borisallo Kec. Parangloe, Gowa

Borisallo village is one of the villages that has the potential for sugar palm so some of its residents work as brown sugar farmers. Besides brown sugar, one of the potentialAnother interesting thing about this area is that the village of Borisallo is an axis road a district that connects the city of Makassar with the village of Malino which is a tourist attraction so along the axis road there are several restaurants. So it has the potential to create a small business of processed brown sugar which can boost the economy of brown sugar farmers. Solutions that offered to socialize the potential for processing brown sugar/palm into products ready-to-eat preparations, Conduct training in the manufacture of processed brown sugar in the form of various Cold Drinks (Milk -Brown Sugar, Milk Boba Brown Sugar, Milk Coffee Brown Sugar), conduct training on product packaging and marketing. After this PkM activity was carried out, the local brown sugar farmers have knowledge and skills in the technique of processing brown sugar productsinto other processed products with higher economic value and interest and motivation to carry out entrepreneurial activities. The entrepreneurial motivation initiated by the entrepreneurial starter kit that we provide is in the form of a set of tools beverage sealer/packaging. This tool will be managed by the Owned Enterprises Village (BUMDES) which will facilitate residents to do entrepreneurship

ANALISIS KEUNTUNGAN USAHA GULA AREN DI DESA WANGA KECAMATAN MOTOLING TIMUR KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN

This study aims to analyze the profits of palm sugar business in Wanga Village, East Motoling District, South Minahasa Regency. This research was carried out from November 2020 to May 2021. Sampling was carried out using a purposive sampling method, namely 10 respondents from 287 palm sugar farmers in Wanga Village. Data was collected through observation, documentation, and interviews. Data analysis used in this research is quantitative analysis, namely business profit analysis. The results showed that the large profits and R/C value obtained by all palm sugar processors when calculated with raw materials and labor, processors experienced losses. Meanwhile, if it is not calculated with raw materials and labor, processors experience large profits.

ANALISIS KEUNTUNGAN USAHA GULA AREN DI DESA WANGA KECAMATAN MOTOLING TIMUR KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN

This study aims to analyze the profits of palm sugar business in Wanga Village, East Motoling District, South Minahasa Regency. This research was carried out from November 2020 to May 2021. Sampling was carried out using a purposive sampling method, namely 10 respondents from 287 palm sugar farmers in Wanga Village. Data was collected through observation, documentation, and interviews. Data analysis used in this research is quantitative analysis, namely business profit analysis. The results showed that the large profits and R/C value obtained by all palm sugar processors when calculated with raw materials and labor, processors experienced losses. Meanwhile, if it is not calculated with raw materials and labor, processors experience large profits.

Increasing The Productivity Of Palm Sugar Through High Degree Of Crystalline Sugar Production

One of the victims of Covid-19 is micro industry. The research team attempts to find the community of original palm sugar (sugar from sugar palm tree) industry which will be process to become gula semut (crystalline sugar). The location where the research and the public service are done is Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatera. It seems that the farmers of palm sugar industry are decreasing in number in Deli Serdang so that the research team is interested in increasing the community of palm sugar farmers and industry in developing their micro business. Another objective of the research is to increase the welfare of the palm sugar farmers in Deli Serdang, North Sumatera, with good and qualified crystalline sugar so that its sales price increases and it can enter domestic and international markets. The research employs descriptive qualitative method. The data are gathered by conducting interviews and using Focus Group Discussion with stakeholders. Specifically, the sugar palm trees are used for hand-handle sap tapping which yields water that flows from the stem of sugar palm tree. The water is called palm water (juice of the sugar palm which when fermented turns into toddy and vinegar). It has numerous kinds of palm sugar and one of them is crystalline sugar processing. In this research, crystalline sugar is used as the innovation from palm sugar processing in the form of slabs because its sales value is very promising. The concept of marketing strategy applied in this research is the online and offline marketing.

Forecasting Northern Australian Summer Rainfall Bursts Using a Seasonal Prediction System

Abstract Rainfall bursts are relatively short-lived events that typically occur over consecutive days, up to a week. Northern Australian industries like sugar farming and beef are highly sensitive to burst activity, yet little is known about the multiweek prediction of bursts. This study evaluates summer (December–March) bursts over northern Australia in observations and multiweek hindcasts from the Bureau of Meteorology’s multiweek to seasonal system, the Australian Community Climate and Earth-System Simulator, Seasonal version 1 (ACCESS-S1). The main objective is to test ACCESS-S1’s skill to confidently predict tropical burst activity, defined as rainfall accumulation exceeding a threshold amount over three days, for the purpose of producing a practical, user-friendly burst forecast product. The ensemble hindcasts, made up of 11 members for the period 1990–2012, display good predictive skill out to lead week 2 in the far northern regions, despite overestimating the total number of summer burst days and the proportion of total summer rainfall from bursts. Coinciding with a predicted strong Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), the skill in burst event prediction can be extended out to four weeks over the far northern coast in December; however, this improvement is not apparent in other months or over the far northeast, which shows generally better forecast skill with a predicted weak MJO. The ability of ACCESS-S1 to skillfully forecast bursts out to 2–3 weeks suggests the bureau’s recent prototype development of a burst potential forecast product would be of great interest to northern Australia’s livestock and crop producers, who rely on accurate multiweek rainfall forecasts for managing business decisions.

Upaya Pemberdayaan Petani Gula Semut Melalui Sertifikasi Organik Desa Pasinggangan Kecamatan Banyumas Kabupaten Banyumas

During the pandemic, many people have lost their jobs. With the loss of their jobs, they return to their hometowns to farm. The return of the community to the village is not supported by adequate agricultural conditions. So that the welfare of farmers is less guaranteed. This also happens to coconut sugar farmers. The relatively cheap price of printed sugar makes it necessary to empower ant sugar certification. Certification is carried out to maintain the quality of the sugar produced. This is because the community has not produced sugar according to standards. The method used is a qualitative research method with a participatory approach. The results of the research carried out were first, the community was given an assessment and knowledge about the processing of ant sugar in accordance with standards both from the process and equipment. second, in the implementation there are obstacles in the form of many farmers using chemicals, the community's mindset has not been developed regarding the benefits of ant sugar, and the existence of a home industry that accommodates printed sugar so that people prefer to sell it to the industry.

The Role of NGO In Community Empowerment (Case Study LPPSLH Penderes Empowerment in Pasinggangan Village, Banyumas Regency)

Behind the life that we see in the capital city, it turns out that we still know the phenomenon of people's lives in rural areas who still depend on the natural resources around them. One of them is the phenomenon of coconut sugar farmers, who are often called penderes, who still cannot process coconut sap correctly and adequately to increase the selling value of the sugar. It is due to the low level of education and the lack of public knowledge in processing coconut sugar. LPPSLH is a non-government institution engaged in community empowerment, both urban and rural. With the phenomenon experienced by the farmers, LPPSLH as a facilitator, invites the farmers to take part in the organic certification program for ant sugar. Later, it can increase the farmers' income, increase the selling value of sugar, and market their products to the export market. The training and assistance aim to change farmers' behavior and old habits into more productive and profitable habits (efforts) to build farmers' independence. The method used in this research is descriptive-qualitative, and the sampling was collected purposively. The data collection technique used interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that LPPSLH played the role of education, facilitation, and advocacy to penderes farmers in empowerment programs, especially in rural areas.

Accelerated adoption of sugar palm farming technology to supports sustainable resource utilization in North Sulawesi

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics and opportunities of accelerating the adoption of palm sugar farming technology in sustainable resource use in North Sulawesi Province on July to November 2016. The data used are secondary data and primary data derived from respondents as many as 120 palm-based farming households in the central district of palm plantations in Tareran, Tomohon, and Motoling, Analysis used cross tabulation for farmer characteristics and binary logistic regression approach for accelerated adoption opportunities. The results showed that the farmers cultivated sugar palm plants with an intercropping farming system with a variety of plantation and forestry food crops. Good knowledge of palm plant cultivation system (64.84%) in cultivating sugar palm with a good understanding of the sustainability of palm plant-based farming. Opportunities for accelerating the appreciation and adoption of farmers to sugar palm-based farming technology can be realized in the form of participatory technology assistance on all technology components, both basic and optional technology, by expanding the business scale, increasing various processed products, bringing the location of farming closer to residential and information sources technology. To increase the production of aren and their derivative products and to maintain the continuity and preservation of the environment, it is necessary to cultivate and expand the palm area in harmony with regional spatial planning for conservation and sustainable management.

SOCIOECONOMIC DRIVERS OF LAND USE INTENSIFICATION IN FIJI ISLANDS: A GEOGRAPHICAL APPROACH

Abstract. Shifting cultivation is a common agricultural practice in the Pacific Islands rarely sustainable today since fallow periods are ever shorter due to the demographic growth, farms fragmentation, uncertain land tenure, and pressures from the market economy among other factors (drivers). Official statistical data and maps were utilized to build up chloropleth maps indicating the areas of high land use intensity (LUI) according to farm size ranges and socioeconomic parameters (treatments) for the country. Twenty vector layers were digitized from published maps for eight ranges of farm sizes (from less than 1 to more than 100 ha), and converted to raster format with a 170 m2 pixel size. Critical maps were then built by boolean operations displaying areas in which both the land use and the socioeconomic driver were simultaneously ranked as high or very high. Treatments showed significant differences among them (p < 0.05), being the most influential those related to human demography. In farms smaller than 3 ha size land use is intense when (in order of importance) Indo-fijian population, household size and land availability values are high; while in farms of 20–50 ha size it is intense when the values of (in order of importance) population change, Indo-fijian population, land availability, fishing and sugar farming are also high. LUI patterns normally decrease with the increase of farm size, but increases on farms over 20 ha size. It is recommended to propose policies that will des-accelerate the rates of land use, such as the facilitation of land ownership over farms of bigger sizes, the gradual replacement of mono cropping by agroforestry systems, and the creation of more employment opportunities in the industry, tourism and services sectors.

Training on ant sugar production to increase people's income in Ba'ka Village, Enrekang

Most of the people of Ba'ka Village are conventional palm sugar farmers whose whose selling prices are cheap. The purpose of this service is to provide innovation in palm sugar into ant sugar. Through training in making ant sugar, it is hoped that it can increase people's income. The stages of community service include needs analysis, problem formulation, work program formulation, and work program implementation, and evaluation. This service activity produces ant sugar products that are packaged in a modern way. Ant sugar products can attract consumers because they are more durable, hygienic, and practical.

Trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline production by the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Cyanobacteria play an important role in photobiotechnology. Yet, one of their key central metabolic pathways, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, has a unique architecture compared to most heterotrophs and still remains largely unexploited. The conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinate via succinyl-CoA is absent but is by-passed by several other reactions. Overall, fluxes under photoautotrophic growth conditions through the TCA cycle are low, which has implications for the production of chemicals. In this study, we investigate the capacity of the TCA cycle of Synechocystis sp PCC 6803 for the production of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (Hyp), a valuable chiral building block for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. For the first time, photoautotrophic Hyp production was achieved in a cyanobacterium expressing the gene for the L-proline-4-hydroxylase (P4H) from Dactylosporangium sp. strain RH1. Interestingly, while elevated intracellular Hyp concentrations could be detected in the recombinant Synechocystis strains under all tested conditions, detectable Hyp secretion into the medium was only observed when the pH of the medium exceeded 9.5 and mostly in the late phases of the cultivation. We compared the rates obtained for autotrophic Hyp production with published sugar-based production rates in E. coli. The land-use efficiency (space-time yield) of the phototrophic process is already in the same order of magnitude as the heterotrophic process considering sugar farming as well. But, the remarkable plasticity of the cyanobacterial TCA cycle promises the potential for a 23–55 fold increase in space-time yield when using Synechocystis. Altogether, these findings contribute to a better understanding of bioproduction from the TCA cycle in photoautotrophs and broaden the spectrum of chemicals produced in metabolically engineered cyanobacteria.

Implications for farmers of measures to reduce sugars consumption

To estimate the impact of reduced consumption of free sugars in line with World Health Organization recommendations, on sugar farmers globally. Using multiregion input-output analysis, we estimated the proportional impact on production volumes of a 1% reduction in free sugars consumption by the public. We extracted data on sugar production from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations database for the top 15 sugar-cane- and beet-producing countries globally, and created a custom multiregion input-output database to assess the proportions of production going to human consumption, drawing on household expenditure surveys and national input-output databases (data valid for years 2000-2015). We also considered the impact on production volumes in relation to countries' gross domestic product. A high proportion of current sugar production from these countries goes to human consumption, and would thus be impacted by reduced consumption of sugars. The largest impacts on cane sugar production, and thus on farmers, would likely occur in Brazil, China, India and Thailand and on beet production in Belarus, Germany, Russian Federation and United States of America. A global opportunity exists for public health leadership to bring together the health, economic, environmental and agriculture sectors to collaborate and build capacity for promotion of alternative livelihoods for sugar farmers. Lessons regarding strategy and the importance of political economy factors can be learnt from tobacco control measures. Further research to quantify the impact of reductions in sugars consumption would provide useful insights for designing policies to complement and strengthen efforts to improve diets and health.

English

Diversity of flowering plants, pollinators and microbial activity was assessed in five farms of Nzoia Sugar Company and one outgrower farm in Western Kenya. The overarching study objective was to determine differences in species diversity in the sugar farms using agrochemicals and those not using. To sample flowering plants, transects were laid along sugar farms with quadrats 20 m apart. Sweep nets captured fauna flying or attached to the flora. Microbial activities were assessed following application of 2,4 D and Hexazinone in soil from an outgrower farm (OGF) where these herbicides had not been applied before. Microbial activity expressed as formazan concentration following triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction in total Dehydrogenase activity (DHA) test. Results indicated that outgrower farm had higher flowering plant species richness than the sugar farms although diversity of both flowering plants and flower visitors in the sugar farms was higher. Results indicated that hexazinone significantly (p<0.05) increased microbial activity in soils to a high of 172.945 ug g-1 following 7 days incubation while 2,4-D suppressed microbial activity to less than 2 ug g-1 in first three days of incubation. From this study, it is recommended that bee pastures composed of plants frequently visited by bees should be left to grow around farms to increase pollinators and bee hotel structures for cavity nesting bees erected in agro-ecosystems. Use of pesticides on farms should be minimised and integrated weeds and pest management promoted to increase pollinators and beneficial fauna.   Key words: Pollinators, microorganisms, pesticides, out growers, sugarcane.

Penguatan Ekonomi dan Ketahanan Pangan Masyarakat Melalui Diversifikasi Produk Gula Aren di Desa Sukahurip Kabupaten Ciamis

Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat desa khususnya para petani gula aren dalam peningkatan nilai produksi dan diversifikasi produknya. Metode pelatihan dilakukan dengan cara partisifpatif, demontrasi, pembinaan dan brainstorming. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan PRA (Participatory Rural Apprasial) dimana dalam progam kegiatannya melibatkan secara parsipatif mitra kegiatan dan kegiatan yang dilaksanakan di lokasi mitra. Pada saat kegiatan tim bersama mitra telah berhasil membuat formulasi gula aren cair yang sesuai untuk digunakan, yang sebelumnya merupakan kendala utama yang dialami oleh mitra. Berdasarkan hasil fokus grup diskusi yang telah dilakukan dengan pihak mitra, pihak mitra akan terus berupaya melakukan evaluasi terhadap diversifikasi produk gula aren yang telah dibuat hingga mencapai produk yang benar-benar memiliki kualitas terbaik hingga harapannya dapat menjadi produk ekspor dan unggulan desa mitra. Pihak mitra juga akan terus melakukan berbagai upaya agar produk yang telah dibuat lebih dikenal masyarakat luas dan tindak lanjut dari pihak pemerintah kabupaten Ciamis maupun provinsi.

Social Entrepreneurship Business Model of Coconut Sugar for Increasing Farmers’ Welfare: Case Study in Indonesian Village Cooperative

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the nine components of the business model canvas and support the empowerment of coconut sugar farmers in Coorperative, KUB’s Nira, Gayuh Lestari Jatimulyo, Girimulyo, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research design used is a qualitative evaluation case study. Data collected through questionnaires and interviews. The analysis model uses the combination of logic model and business model canvas framework for business modelling. The results suggested that in social entrepreneurship business model, the empowerment for farmers in the villages of Jatimulyo, Girimulyo resulted in increasing the income, healthy living for farmers, families, and community and also the preservation of organic agriculture. This confirms the importance of improving the existing business model towards the social entrepreneurship business model.

Kearifan Lokal Petani Gula Aren Kecamatan Cijaku (Antara Tradisi dan Tuntutan Ekonomi)

Gula aren adalah komoditas terkenal dari Lebak, Provinsi Banten. Komoditas Gula Aren digunakan sebagai oleh-oleh dari daerah lain di Indonesia, dan diekspor melalui pasar dunia. Kehadiran bisnis produksi gula aren memberikan kontribusi ekonomi kepada masyarakat setempat. Produksi Gula Aren sebagian besar berkembang di Sobang, Malingping, Panggarangan, Cigemblong, Bayah, Ciharas, Cibeber, Muncang, Cimenga, Ciapus dan Cijaku. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan kearifan lokal petani gula aren di Kecamatan Cijaku, Kabupaten Lebak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Historis empiris yang bersifat empiris obyektif, yaitu metode yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perkembangan implementasi Kearifan Lokal Petani Gula Aren di Kabupaten Cijaku, Kabupaten Lebak, Provinsi Banten. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode wawancara dan informan yang ditentukan secara sengaja. Bahwa Kearifan Lokal adalah tradisi turun-temurun yang melestarikannya dianggap sebagai nilai nenek moyang yang mulia. Kearifan lokal tidak boleh terkikis apalagi terhapus karena tuntutan ekonomi baik personal maupun regional.

New Media Access and Use for Triggering the Farmers Capability Improvement in Central Java Indonesia

The coconut sugar industry is a hereditary business in Banyumas. However, the low income of farmers, poor education, regeneration, and limited number of extension staffs, are some of the problems associated with its development in rural areas. Therefore an alternative strategy is needed to solve these problems to stay above the competitive and fast-growing market. This study, therefore, aims to determine the access and use of the new media to trigger farmers capability improvement. In-depth interviews and FGD were used to collect data from coconut sugar farmers, extension and cooperative staff, informal leaders, and government officers. Finding show that farmers have the freedom to access new media, though the access is varied based on socio-demographic characteristics. Following their experience in online activity, farmers conduct a social interaction with related parties to discuss the information obtained. Therefore, through this interactive process, farmers tend to realize their functions to improve their capability by obtaining new information, expanding their economic opportunity, affiliation, besides play and emotion.

Evaluation of Total Factor Productivity of Sudanese Sugar Company Farms: A Non-parametric Analysis 1999-2007

This study analyzes productivity growth in Sudanese Sugar Schemes over the period 1999-2007. The application and specification of the output-based Malmquist total factor productivity index, data variables and sources, results, and some policy implications for the Sudanese sugar farms are discussed and presented The Malmquist productivity index was used to measure the technical and economic or allocative efficiency. Data Envelopment Non-parametric analysis (DEA) a model of output-oriented total factor productivity (TFP) was used in the analysis. This model provided meaningful results regarding technological and economic behavior relationships over time, using balance panel data on Sudanese Sugarcane Schemes. Efficiency change contributed to the total factor productivity progress and technical change to its regress to the Sudanese Sugarcane Schemes by 0.2% and 12.5%, respectively. The results indicated that the Sudanese Sugar Schemes had an annual average increase in TFP of 12.7%. The regression analysis results showed that expenses were negatively and significantly related to TFP.

Analisis Perilaku Ekonomi Rumah Tangga Pengrajin Gula Aren Di Kabupaten Lebak, Banten

The growth of palm sugar production in Lebak Regency as a center of palm sugar in Banten Province continues to show a positive trend so that it is an important source of income for many households in Lebak Regency. The purpose of this study was to analyze the household economic behavior of palm sugar farmers which included the outlay of working time of farmer household members, production and income and household consumption expenditure of palm sugar craftsmen in Lebak Regency. The research data used are primary and secondary data which are processed descriptively and quantitatively. Quantitative data is processed using a simultaneous equation model with the least squares method (2SLS). The outpouring of work on aren business is significantly affected by the number of sugar palm trees owned and the outpouring of work time on non-aren businesses. Job outpouring on non-aren business is significantly affected by income from non-aren business while other variables do not significantly influence. Variables that significantly influence palm sugar production are production costs and the number of sugar palm trees owned. While the outpouring of aren business work time has no significant effect on production.