Sudden Water Pollution Accidents Research Articles

A web-site system to simulate sudden water pollution accidents

In this paper, a two-dimensional water quality analytical model of pollutant concentration is used to simulate and respond to sudden water pollution accidents. The two-dimensional water quality model uses river flow rate, the distance from the river point to the place where the pollutant occured, the pollutant discharge amount, time and other parameters to calculate the river pollutant concentration in the simulated time range of each point of the river. Therefore, through the system designed in this paper, the location of the accident, the amount of pollutants and other information will be collected in time after the accident, and the concentration of pollutants in Jinhua River will change with time in the future. The system will assess the water quality of the section and provide an effective means for the decision-making department to provide scientific basis for emergency response and treatment.

Integrated Assessment Method of Emergency Plan for Sudden Water Pollution Accidents Based on Improved TOPSIS, Shannon Entropy and a Coordinated Development Degree Model

Water is the source of all things, so it can be said that without the sustainable development of water resources, there can be no sustainable development of human beings. In recent years, sudden water pollution accidents have occurred frequently. Emergency response plan optimization is the key to handling accidents. Nevertheless, the non-linear relationship between various indicators and emergency plans has greatly prevented researchers from making reasonable assessments. Thus, an integrated assessment method is proposed by incorporating an improved technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution, Shannon entropy and a Coordinated development degree model to evaluate emergency plans. The Shannon entropy method was used to analyze different types of index values. TOPSIS is used to calculate the relative closeness to the ideal solution. The coordinated development degree model is applied to express the relationship between the relative closeness and inhomogeneity of the emergency plan. This method is tested in the decision support system of the Middle Route Construction and Administration Bureau, China. By considering the different nature of the indicators, the integrated assessment method is eventually proven as a highly realistic method for assessing emergency plans. The advantages of this method are more prominent when there are more indicators of the evaluation object and the nature of each indicator is quite different. In summary, this integrated assessment method can provide a targeted reference or guidance for emergency control decision makers.

Risk scenario prediction for sudden water pollution accidents based on Bayesian networks

Predicting and analyzing the future possible scenario of the sudden water pollution accident can help emergency managers to get know the possible future of the accident and make response. In this paper, the Bayesian Network (BN) is extended to support emergency decision for sudden water pollution accidents. Three types of node variables for BN are built according to the characteristics of sudden water pollution accident. Then, the directed acyclic graph (DAG) is constructed to connect the variables. Through Estimating of the conditional probability of BN, the possible scenario of sudden water pollution accident can be formed based DAG and BN. Finally, the Longjiang River cadmium pollution in Guangxi Province is given to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed method. The results show that the BN can give the possible scenario of the sudden pollution accident and can help emergency managers to make detailed alternatives further to minimize the losses.

On real-time risk evaluation of accident in water quality control zone

The sudden water pollution is a main type of environmental accident. The time evolution risk of sudden water pollution accident is very important to select real-time measures to effectively reduce the temporal growing risk. The traditional evaluation methods have shortages of describing the evolution process of accident. This paper proposes a real-time risk evaluation method with real-time weight and index to predict the temporal growing risk of sudden pollution accident. The open channel of the Luanhe water supply system in Tianjin is selected as an example to evaluate the temporal risk evolution of the accident. The study provides a reasonable and effective method for the real-time evaluation of sudden pollution accident.

An Improved Contaminant Source Identification Method for Sudden Water Pollution Accident in Coaster Estuaries

Jing, L.; Kong, J.; Wang Q., and Yao Y.T., 2018. An improved contaminant source identification method for sudden water pollution accident in coaster estuaries, China. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 946–950. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.This paper presents a method for quickly and accurately identifying contaminant source in estuary region, characterized by decoupling solving releasing time, location and density of source problems, respectively. The method firstly gets the rough source releasing time by analyzing the typical double peak phenomenon in tidal estuary region, and then presents the rough position of source by using Lagrange tracing scheme. The rough position makes up the deficiency of priori information in traditional Genetic Algorithm (GA). And then, according to the correlation between the measured and calculated concentration at measuring point, a high resolution mass transportation and an optimization models are operated repeatedly and alternatively. In order to increase the efficiency of searching optimal parameters, the Genetic Algorithm is improved by introducing a weighting factor based on the precision improvement trend. Such an optimization model can effectively reduce the calculation burden when parameters are increased in demand. This model has been successfully applied in an accident case in Quanzhou Bay of China. Simulated results confirm the model's merits in reasonably identifying relevant unknown parameters. The convergence of present model is more efficient in searching for the optimal parameters with less iteration times nearly half the traditional Genetic Algorithm. This model is high efficiency and has great practical significance in dealing with emergent water pollution in estuary and coastal areas.

Assessing emergency regulation technology in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, China

The Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is important for China. Any sudden water pollution accident along the route would threaten normal water supply. We studied four technologies (hydrodynamic and water quality simulation, source identification, emergency regulation, and evaluation of emergency measures) and developed and implemented a decision support system that provides technical support in managing pollution accidents. The achievements, which include four technologies and a system, have practical significance for emergency management in the Middle Route as they can help deal with accidents and policy formulation, and can be applied to other water transfer projects.

Risk Assessment of Pollution Emergencies in Water Source Areas of the Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Diversion Project

[Objective] This study quantitatively evaluated risk probabilities of sudden water pollution accidents under the influence of risk sources, thus providing an important guarantee for risk source identification during water diversion from the Hanjiang River to the Weihe River. [Methods] The research used Bayesian networks to represent the correlation between accidental risk sources. It also adopted the sequential Monte Carlo algorithm to combine water quality simulation with state simulation of risk sources, thereby determining standard-exceeding probabilities of sudden water pollution accidents. [Results] When the upstream inflow was 138.15 m3/s and the average accident duration was 48 h, the probabilities were 0.0416 and 0.0056 separately. When the upstream inflow was 55.29 m3/s and the average accident duration was 48 h, the probabilities were 0.0225 and 0.0028 separately. [Conclusions] The research conducted a risk assessment on sudden water pollution accidents, thereby providing an important guarantee for the smooth implementation, operation, and water quality of the Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Diversion Project.

Discussion on Reservoir dispatch during a sudden accident of water pollution in a long distance river

A mathematical model of river hydrodynamics with cascade reservoirs and pollutant has been established and verified by using analytic solutions of partial differential equation for transportation and diffusion. Ten dispatch schedules of single or multi- reservoirs have been set up and executed according to that a pollution accident occurred upstream or downstream to a reservoir. It shows that which dispatch schedule should be selected was decided by sensitive factors of a target river segment downstream. A dispatch model of large flux with short time duration by utilizing a reservoir nearest to the segment was more appropriate for which was more sensitive to concentration than other factors, while a model of appropriate flux discharge with long time duration was more suitable for those being more sensitive to extra concentration retention of pollutants. Compared with a single reservoir dispatch, multi-reservoirs have larger effective storage capacity to reduce the loss by a sudden water pollution accident better by supplement water step by step from upstream to downstream.

基于模拟–优化模式的梯级水库群突发水污染事件应急调度研究

基于模拟–优化模式的梯级水库群突发水污染事件应急调度研究

Sudden water pollution accidents and reservoir emergency operations: impact analysis at Danjiangkou Reservoir

ABSTRACTDanjiangkou Reservoir is the source reservoir of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (MRP). Any sudden water pollution accident in the reservoir would threaten the water supply of the MRP. We established a 3-D hydrodynamic and water quality model for the Danjiangkou Reservoir, and proposed scientific suggestions on the prevention and emergency management for sudden water pollution accidents based on simulated results. Simulations were performed on 20 hypothetical pollutant discharge locations and 3 assumed amounts, in order to model the effect of pollutant spreading under different reservoir operation types. The results showed that both the location and mass of pollution affected water quality; however, different reservoir operation types had little effect. Five joint regulation scenarios, which altered the hydrodynamic processes of water conveyance for the Danjiangkou and Taocha dams, were considered for controlling pollution dispersion. The results showed that the spread of a pollutant could be effectively controlled through the joint regulation of the two dams and that the collaborative operation of the Danjiangkou and Taocha dams is critical for ensuring the security of water quality along the MRP.

A real-time, rapid emergency control model for sudden water pollution accidents in long-distance water transfer projects

A real-time, rapid emergency control (EC) model is proposed to cope with sudden water pollution accidents in long-distance water transfer projects. The EC model outputs the method of EC based on pollutant properties. A generalized form of EC model is proposed and tested with a demonstrative project. The rapid prediction formulas of emergency control parameters (ECPs) are proposed under different states of water diversion. The closing times of check gates and the pollution range are calculated by the rapid prediction formulas of ECPs. A case study is examined under the scenario of a sucrose spill in a demonstrative project conducted in the Fangshui to Puyang channel of the Beijing–Shijiazhuang Emergency Water Supply Project in the middle route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. The relative errors of peak concentration and arrival time of peak concentration are less than 20%. However, we could not use an actual toxic soluble pollutant to validate the EC model, so we performed the experiment with sucrose to test the EC model based on its concentration variation. The final result shows that the model is able to play a fundamental role in the decisions involved in the Emergency Environmental Decision Support System.

Development of a novel mobile industrial-scale fluidized adsorption process for emergency treatment of water polluted by aniline: CFD simulation and experiments

This study developed a novel mobile industrial-scale fluidized adsorption process and preliminarily explored its application in the emergency water treatment. A lab-based Liquid–Solid Circulating Fluidized Bed (LSCFB) was prepared and the flow pattern was studied by validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. The simulation results revealed that the particular uneven flow structure, which could weaken aniline removal performance, occurred with increasing superficial liquid velocity. Accordingly, an optimized distributor design was constructed by the established CFD models; notably, the effect of open angles on the flow pattern, which was often overlooked by previous studies, was mainly discussed. Then, the aniline removal efficiency of LSCFB pre and post optimization was compared. The experimental results demonstrate that dynamic adsorption capacity on aniline reached 70mg/g under the optimum conditions (initial aniline concentration of 100mg/L, superficial liquid velocity of 3umf and sorbent dosage of 27g/L). By comparison with fixed-bed adsorption, the LSCFB possessed significantly higher adsorption rate constants and shorter hydraulic retention time, which indicates that LSCFB could meet emergency treatment requirements in a better way. Finally, the study developed the mobile industrial-scale fluidized adsorption process and estimated process parameters for aniline removal in the Sudden Water Pollution Accident of Zhuozhang River.

Emergency control system based on the analytical hierarchy process and coordinated development degree model for sudden water pollution accidents in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China.

Water transfer projects are important for realizing reasonable allocation of water resources, but once a water pollution accident occurs during such a project, the water environment is exposed to enormous risks. Therefore, it is critical to determine an appropriate emergency control system (ECS) for sudden water pollution accidents that occur in water transfer projects. In this study, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) integrated with the coordinated development degree model (CDDM) was used to develop the ECS. This ECS was developed into two parts, including the emergency risk assessment and the emergency control. Feasible emergency control targets and control technology were also proposed for different sudden water pollution accidents. A demonstrative project was conducted in the Fangshui to Puyang channel, which is part of the Beijing-Shijiazhuang Emergency Water Supply Project (BSP) in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project (MR-SNWTP) in China. However, we could not use an actual toxic soluble pollutant to validate our ECS, so we performed the experiment with sucrose to test the ECS based on its concentration variation. The relative error of peak sucrose concentration was less than 20%.

松花江流域沿江重点监控企业水环境潜在污染风险分析

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 松花江流域沿江重点监控企业水环境潜在污染风险分析 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201412042408 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院生态环境研究中心,中国科学院生态环境研究中心,中国科学院生态环境研究中心,中国科学院生态环境研究中心,中国科学院生态环境研究中心 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 吉林省引进高层次创新人才计划;全国生态环境十年变化(2000-2010年)遥感调查与评估项目(STSN-13-06) Analysis of the potential contamination risk of riverside key monitored enterprises on the aquatic environment of the Songhua River Basin Author: Affiliation: Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,,,Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为防控松花江流域水污染风险、优化流域内沿江产业带布局,分析了松花江流域沿江企业潜在污染风险的大小和分布,并揭示导致不同区域间水环境潜在污染风险空间差异的原因。基于《2012年废水国家重点监控企业名单》,本研究将沿松花江(到三级支流)1km范围内的45家重点废水产生企业识别为松花江流域水环境潜在污染风险源。以沿江企业和重点区域的废水产生量与对应河段的水质状况表征水环境潜在污染风险源强弱与流域水体对潜在污染风险的缓冲能力,并以区域总人口数、第二产业产值及珍稀濒危物种分布情况反映流域社会-经济-自然复合生态系统对潜在污染风险的敏感程度开展评价。结果表明:牡丹江市辖区(牡丹江中游河段)因潜在污染风险源强、水体对潜在污染风险的缓冲能力低且自然生态系统对潜在污染风险的敏感程度高,是松花江流域受沿江企业产生的水环境潜在污染风险最严重的地区;长春市辖区(饮马河、伊通河部分河段)、伊春市辖区(汤旺河全部河段)与敦化市(海浪河全部河段、牡丹江部分河段)由于较低的水体缓冲能力和较高的生态系统敏感程度,应加强水环境潜在污染风险的防治;污染风险源强的吉林市辖区(西流松花江部分河段)与七台河市辖区(倭肯河部分河段),须提高本区域对潜在污染的风险管理能力以降低污染事故发生的可能性。最后,针对不同行业类型、区域潜在污染特点与水污染风险特征,从加快污水处理研究、评估污染治理经济手段、建立产业准入机制及完善污染防治立法等多方面提出流域水环境污染风险管控的相关建议。 Abstract:The Songhua River Basin (SRB) is located in the northern part of Northeast China, and includes the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Jilin Province, and Heilongjiang Province. The SRB is also known as the Northeast Old Industrial Base and has a reputation for industrial production, which had some negative impacts on the aquatic environment of the Songhua River. Research on the levels and patterns of the aquatic contamination risk posed by the riverside enterprises in the SRB are valuable for controlling water contamination risk and optimizing the riverside industrial layout. Thus, it is essential to investigate the industrial enterprises generating wastewater in the basin and to estimate their risk of contaminating the aquatic environment. Based on theList of National Key Monitored Enterprises Generating Wastewater in 2012, we identified 45 key enterprises distributed within 1 km of the river banks, as potential sources of contamination. We assessed the risk level of these sources by calculating the annual volume of wastewater generated by the enterprises and estimated the buffering capacity of the local waters by analyzing the background water quality. We also evaluated the sensitivity of the social-economic-natural complex ecosystem to potential water contamination by investigating the total population of the districts, the secondary industrial outputs of the districts, and the distribution ranges of rare and endangered species. The results showed that Mudanjiang City (with the middle reaches of the Mudan River) suffered the most serious contamination risk because of the large volume of wastewater generated annually, the low buffering capacity of the local waters, and the high sensitivity of the natural ecosystem to potential water contamination. Changchun City (with part of the reaches of the Yinma and Yitong Rivers), Yichun City (with all reaches of the Tangwang River) and Dunhua City (with all reaches of the Hailang River, and part of the reaches of the Mudan River) showed the low buffering capacity and the high sensitivity, and thus risk prevention should be strengthened in these districts. In addition, owing to the large volume of wastewater generated annually, Jilin City (with part of the reaches of the West-flowing Songhua River) and Qitaihe City (with part of the reaches of the Woken River), particularly the former with the higher sensitivity of its social and economic ecosystems, should improve the capacity of risk management to reduce the possibility of water contamination in these districts. This study analyzed the levels and patterns of potential water contamination risk, and revealed the causes of spatial differences in the risk of aquatic environment contamination among riverside areas in the SRB. Moreover, it provided a reference for development of riverside industrial zones, prevention and emergency response to sudden water pollution accidents, and long-term risk management of water pollution. In the short term, the key riverside enterprises should improve the efficiency of their wastewater treatment and effectively control the risk of pollution. In the long term, it is important to accelerate the adjustment of the industrial layout and to improve legislation for pollution prevention and control. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Multi-point source identification of sudden water pollution accidents in surface waters based on differential evolution and Metropolis–Hastings–Markov Chain Monte Carlo

Sudden water pollution accidents in surface waters occur with increasing frequency. These accidents significantly threaten people’s health and lives. To prevent the diffusion of pollutants, identifying these pollution sources is necessary. The identification problem of pollution source, especially for multi-point source, is one of the difficulties in the inverse problem area. This study examines this issue. A new method is designed by combining differential evolution algorithm (DEA) and Metropolis–Hastings–Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MH–MCMC) based on Bayesian inference to identify multi-point sudden water pollution sources. The effectiveness and accuracy of this proposed method is verified through outdoor experiments and comparison between DEA and MH–MCMC. The average absolute error of the sources’ position and intensity, the relative error and the average standard deviations obtained using the proposed method are less than those of DEA and MH–MCMC. Moreover, the relative error and the sampling relative error under four different standard deviations of measurement error (σ = 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) are less than 2 and 0.11 %, respectively. The proposed method (i.e., DEMH–MCMC) is effective even when the standard deviation of the measurement error increases to 0.15. Therefore, the proposed method can identify sources of multi-point sudden water pollution accidents efficiently and accurately.

Multisensor Early Warning System Applied to Environmental Management

Abstract Sudden water pollution accidents threaten the safety of people's drinking water, such as accidental or deliberate contamination events. In this contribution, we introduce a real-time early warning system that can monitor water to ensure safety. We report results of a pilot-scale installation of a sensor-based early warning system (EWS) to detect and report water quality problems along the Yangtze River near Nanjing, China. The system used four different sensors. Water quality parameters detected in this study were necessary to calculate water quality indices consistent with the Chinese government standards. Sensors transmitted data to a server, which stored them in a database, integrated the data into different water quality indices, and sent them to the client. An alarm was triggered if the indices exceeded a certain threshold. The originality of this article was that we set the indices' thresholds and the combined threshold of them to judge the sudden water pollution accidents clearly and accur...

GIS-based emergency response system for sudden water pollution accidents

The frequent occurrence of sudden water pollution accidents brings enormous risks to water environment safety. Therefore, there is great need for the modeling and development of early warning systems and rapid response procedures for current water pollution situation in China. This paper proposes an emergency response system based on the integration of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and a hydraulic/water-quality model. Using the spatial analysis and three-dimensional visualization capabilities of GIS technology, we calculated pollutant diffusion measures, and visualized and analyzed the simulation results, in order to provide the services of early warning and emergency response for sudden water pollution accidents in the Xiangjia Dam area on the Yangtze River. The results show that the proposed system offers reliable technological support for emergency response to sudden water pollution events, and it shows good potential for wide applications in various aspects of water resources protection.

Emergency Response Technology Using Powdered Activated Carbon for Sudden Water Pollution Accidents with Petroleum Pollutants

Emergency disposal combined technology of sorbent cotton intercept and powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption was researched. The removal effects of petroleum pollutants individually treated by sorbent cotton were analyzed. The influencing factors of PAC adsorption to deal with petroleum pollutants, including PAC dosage, oscillation frequency and oscillation time, were investigated. The results showed that removal efficiency increased with increasing PAC dosage. When PAC dosage reached 50mg/L, the remaining concentration of petroleum pollutants met the standards. And after oscillated for 120min, the total removal efficiency increased to more than 99%.

A Temporal-Spatial Simulation and Dynamic Regulation System of Water Quality on Sudden Water Pollution Accidents

We develop a novel system for temporal-spatial simulation and dynamic regulation of water quality in water pollution accidents by introducing GIS to traditional one-dimensional system dynamics water quality model. We apply this system to the Songhua River water pollution accident which happened in 2005 and achieve good performance in simulating pollution zone migration and transformation in temporal and spatial dimensions.

A real-time, dynamic early-warning model based on uncertainty analysis and risk assessment for sudden water pollution accidents.

A real-time, dynamic, early-warning model (EP-risk model) is proposed to cope with sudden water quality pollution accidents affecting downstream areas with raw-water intakes (denoted as EPs). The EP-risk model outputs the risk level of water pollution at the EP by calculating the likelihood of pollution and evaluating the impact of pollution. A generalized form of the EP-risk model for river pollution accidents based on Monte Carlo simulation, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, and the risk matrix method is proposed. The likelihood of water pollution at the EP is calculated by the Monte Carlo method, which is used for uncertainty analysis of pollutants' transport in rivers. The impact of water pollution at the EP is evaluated by expert knowledge and the results of Monte Carlo simulation based on the analytic hierarchy process. The final risk level of water pollution at the EP is determined by the risk matrix method. A case study of the proposed method is illustrated with a phenol spill accident in China.