Succinic Acid In Aqueous Solution Research Articles

Catalytic Ozonation of Succinic Acid in Aqueous Solution by Co/Al2O3-EPM: Performance, Characteristics, and Reaction Mechanism

Abstract In this study, the high-reactive Co/Al2O3-EPM (prepared by electroless plating method) were used for catalytic ozonation. On account of the powerless degradation of small molecule acid by ozone alone, succinic acid (SA), a kind of small molecule acid, was selected as the simulated pollutant to evaluate the performance of Co/Al2O3-EPM in Co/Al2O3-EPM/O3 system. First, several key preparation parameters of Co/Al2O3-EPM and operational parameters in Co/Al2O3-EPM/O3 system for SA removal were optimized. The maximum SA removal (100%) and the total organic carbon (TOC) removal (66.9%) were obtained under the optimal conditions. Second, the superior performance of Co/Al2O3-EPM/O3 system for SA removal was confirmed by four control experiments (i.e., Co/Al2O3-EPM alone, O3 alone, Co/Al2O3-IM alone, and Co/Al2O3-IM/O3 systems). The conversion and mineralization of SA were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography and TOC analyzer, respectively. The stability of different systems was evaluated...

Catalytic ozonation of succinic acid in aqueous solution using the catalyst of Ni/Al2O3 prepared by electroless plating-calcination method

Abstract A catalyst of the Ni/Al2O3 was prepared by electroless plating-calcination (EPC) method using Al2O3 support for catalytic ozonation. To evaluate the catalytic activity of Ni/Al2O3, the O3 + Ni/Al2O3 system was set up to degrade succinic acid (SA). First, the key preparation parameters (i.e., plating time, calcination temperature and calcination time) of Ni/Al2O3 and operational parameters (i.e., initial pH, ozone flow rate and the catalyst dosage) of O3 + Ni/Al2O3 system were optimized, respectively. The maximum SA removal (100%) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal (84.7%) were obtained under the optimal conditions. Meanwhile, characteristics of the Ni/Al2O3 catalysts prepared by EPC method and traditional impregnation-calcination (IC) method were studied comparatively through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The results show that nickel oxides (NiO) was uniformly deposited on the Al2O3 surface when Ni/Al2O3 was prepared by EPC method. On the contrary, when Ni/Al2O3 was prepared by IC method, nickel oxides were heterogeneously, rough and loose distributed on the surface of Al2O3 substrate. Furthermore, Ni/Al2O3 prepared by EPC possessed higher BET surface areas, higher pore volumes and smaller pore size distribution than Ni/Al2O3 prepared by IC. Finally, the catalytic mechanism of the O3 + Ni/Al2O3 system was proposed according to the characterization of Ni/Al2O3 prepared by EPC, radical scavenging studies, hydroxyl radical (HO ) and H2O2 detection experiments. Collectively, these results suggest that the EPC method was a promising technology for catalyst preparation of Ni/Al2O3 with high catalytic performance and the Ni/Al2O3 should be proposed as a promising catalyst for the decomposition of ozone.

Aqueous-Phase Hydrogenation of Succinic Acid to γ-Butyrolactone and Tetrahydrofuran over Pd/C, Re/C, and Pd–Re/C Catalysts

Monometallic Pd/C and Re/C and bimetallic Pd–Re/C catalysts with different Re/Pd molar ratios were prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation and characterized by temperature-programmed reduction, X-ray diffraction, CO chemisorption, and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that there is a strong interaction between Pd and Re species and that Pd can significantly promote the reduction of rhenium oxide. The hydrogenation of succinic acid to γ-butyrolactone and tetrahydrofuran was investigated over the as-prepared Pd/C, Re/C, and Pd–Re/C catalysts. Pd/C showed a low conversion of succinic acid and a high selectivity to γ-butyrolactone. Adding a small amount of Re evidently enhanced the hydrogenation activity of succinic acid and improved the yield of γ-butyrolactone, whereas more Re increased the yield of tetrahydrofuran. The main reaction pathway for the conversion of succinic acid in aqueous solution on Pd–Re/C catalysts is proposed through hydrogenation of the intermediates, including ...

Succinic acid in aqueous solution: connecting microscopic surface composition and macroscopic surface tension.

The water-vapor interface of aqueous solutions of succinic acid, where pH values and bulk concentrations were varied, has been studied using surface sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. It was found that succinic acid has a considerably higher propensity to reside in the aqueous surface region than its deprotonated form, which is effectively depleted from the surface due to the two strongly hydrated carboxylate groups. From both XPS experiments and MD simulations a strongly increased concentration of the acid form in the surface region compared to the bulk concentration was found and quantified. Detailed analysis of the surface of succinic acid solutions at different bulk concentrations led to the conclusion that succinic acid saturates the aqueous surface at high bulk concentrations. With the aid of MD simulations the thickness of the surface layer could be estimated, which enabled the quantification of surface concentration of succinic acid as a multiple of the known bulk concentration. The obtained enrichment factors were successfully used to model the surface tension of these binary aqueous solutions using two different models that account for the surface enrichment. This underlines the close correlation of increased concentration at the surface relative to the bulk and reduced surface tension of aqueous solutions of succinic acid. The results of this study shed light on the microscopic origin of surface tension, a macroscopic property. Furthermore, the impact of the results from this study on atmospheric modeling is discussed.

Electrochemical oxidation of succinic acid in aqueous solutions using boron doped diamond anodes

In this work, the electrochemical oxidation of succinic acid on boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes was investigated. Voltammetric study had shown that no peaks appeared in the region of electrolyte stability which indi- cates that succinic acid oxidation can take place at a potential close to the potential region of electrolyte oxida- tion. Galvanostatic electrolyses achieved total chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals and high mineralization yields under different operating conditions (initial COD, current density and nature of supporting electrolyte). Oxa- lic, glycolic and formic acids were the main intermediates detected during anodic oxidation of succinic acid on BDD electrode and carbon dioxide as the final product. The mean oxidation state of carbon reached the value of 4 at the end of electrolysis which is indicative of mineralization of almost all organics present in aqueous solution. The exponential profile of COD versus specific electrical charge has shown that mass transfer is the limiting factor for the kinetics of electrochemical process. A simple mechanism was pro- posed for the mineralization of succinic acid. First, hydro- xyl radicals attack of succinic acid leading to formation of glycolic, glyoxylic, fumaric and maleic acids. Then, theses acids undergo rapid and non-selective oxidation by hydro- xyl radicals to be transformed into oxalic and formic acids which leads to further oxidation steps to mineralize these acids into carbon dioxide and water.

1Pa-38 Dehydrogenation of Succinic Acid in Aqueous Solution and Isomerization of Its Products under Sonication(Poster Session)

1Pa-38 Dehydrogenation of Succinic Acid in Aqueous Solution and Isomerization of Its Products under Sonication(Poster Session)

Thermodynamic characteristics of formation reactions of Zn2+ and Ni2+ complexes with succinic acid in aqueous solutions

The heat effects of complex formation between zinc(II) and nickel(II) ions and succinic acid were determined calorimetrically at 298.15 K and several ionic strength values against the background of NaNO3. The standard thermodynamic characteristics of complex formation in aqueous solution were calculated.

Unusual Conversion of 5‐Hydroxy‐2(5H)‐furanone in Aqueous Solution.

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

Unusual Conversion of 5-Hydroxy-2(5H)furanone in Aqueous Solution

The conversion of 5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone into succinic acid in aqueous solution has been detected experimentally for the first time, indicating the possibility of forming and hydrolyzing its previously unknown tautomeric forms. The accelerating effect of increased pH values and temperature on the reaction has been established. A scheme is proposed to form succinic acid from 5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone.

Extraction of succinic acid with 1-octanol/ n-heptane solutions of mixed tertiary amine

The reactive extraction of succinic acid was carried out by mixed tertiary amine which consisted of tripropylamine (TPA) and trioctylamine (TOA) as the extraction agent in 1-octanol/n-heptane diluent. Maximum distribution coefficient was obtained at 8:2 weight ratio of TPA/TOA. At this ratio, its extraction efficiency is above 90% at the 3.9 wt.% of succinic acid in aqueous solution. Furthermore, the prevention of the third phase formation made the phase separation between organic phase and aqueous phase easy.

ChemInform Abstract: THE CONFORMATION OF SUCCINIC ACID IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION STUDIED BY PROTON AND CARBON‐13 NMR

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 12, Issue 24 Physical Organic Chemistry ChemInform Abstract: THE CONFORMATION OF SUCCINIC ACID IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION STUDIED BY PROTON AND CARBON-13 NMR M. T. NUNES, M. T. NUNESSearch for more papers by this authorV. M. S. GIL, V. M. S. GILSearch for more papers by this authorJ. ASCENSO, J. ASCENSOSearch for more papers by this author M. T. NUNES, M. T. NUNESSearch for more papers by this authorV. M. S. GIL, V. M. S. GILSearch for more papers by this authorJ. ASCENSO, J. ASCENSOSearch for more papers by this author First published: June 16, 1981 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198124071AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume12, Issue24June 16, 1981 RelatedInformation

The conformation of succinic acid in aqueous solution studied by 1h and 13c nmr

The vicinal H-H coupling constants of succinic acid were obtained as a function of pH and related to its conformation. The syn-clinal arrangement of the two CO 2H groups appears as more stable than the anti-periplanar conformation at variance with previous work but in agreement with recent data on similar molecules. The vicinal 13CO 2H- 1H coupling constant was also obtained and is found to support that conclusion. The analysis was extended to solvents of variable dielectric constant and no significant effect was found.

Radiolysis of succinic acid in aqueous solution

The radiolysis of succinic acid in aqueous solutions induced by gamma irradiation from a Co 60 source has been studied with respect to the identification and estimation of degradation products. Specifically labeled succinic acid-C 14 and malic acid-C 14 were utilized for product identification and elucidation of reaction mechanisms. The irradiation experiments were performed under both oxygenated and oxygen-free environments. The principal means of identification of the radiolytic products were by paper chromatography and autoradiography, utilizing the technique of cochromatography. The estimation of each radiolytic product was determined by radiochemical assay using liquid scintillation counting techniques. The finding that malonic acid is a major product of radiolysis of succinic acid is of considerable interest. A reaction mechanism has been proposed for the radiolytic conversion of succinic acid to malonic acid via the intermediary formation of malate and oxaloacetate.

X.—The optical rotatory power of derivatives of succinic acid in aqueous solutions of inorganic salts. Part II

X.—The optical rotatory power of derivatives of succinic acid in aqueous solutions of inorganic salts. Part II

CLXIX.—The optical rotatory power of derivatives of succinic acid in aqueous solutions of inorganic salts. Part III

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.

VII.—The optical rotatory power of derivatives of succinic acid in aqueous solutions of inorganic salts. Part I

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.