Successive Movements Research Articles

The Freudian Subject and the Maoist Mind: The Diaries of Hermine Hug-Hellmuth and Lei Feng

Although written in vastly different cultural contexts and periods, Hermine Hug-Hellmuth's "Diary of a Young Girl" (1919) and Lei Feng's "The Diary of Lei Feng" (1963) both to a large extent were written as concept pieces, with the goal of illustrating specific theories of the self. In the case of Hug-Hellmuth, the underlying theory is the Freudian sexualized unconscious mind, whereas for Lei Feng, it is Maoist revolutionary optimism. Additionally, both diaries have unusually strong inauthentic or 'fake' aspects. Although Hug-Hellmuth never admitted to writing the diary, most critics believed it came from her pen. Lei Feng's diary was revised through his own attempts to present himself as politically progressive, by editors, and through successive political movements that focused on the person behind the diary and made him one of the most widely-recognized figures in China. As such, the diaries are excellent windows into powerful and long-lasting ideological constructs.

Acorn dispersal by rodents: The importance of re-dispersal and distance to shelter

Factors affecting the ecological balance between seed predation and effective seed dispersal remain unclear. We studied the contribution of scatter-hoarding rodents to effective acorn dispersal by labeling acorns and tracking their fates. Seventy percent of the seeds were re-dispersed from their initial fates with up to five successive dispersal movements, revealing that acorn fate is dynamic along time. Dispersal distances were not affected by the slope and acorns were dispersed farther when heavier. However, we found that successive dispersal movements (re-dispersal of seeds) and distance to rodent shelter (shrub cover) are more important factors than acorn weight to determine dispersal distances and acorn survival. Dispersal distances increased with the number of successive dispersal movements, attaining a total of up to 132 m. Seed re-dispersal enhances the redistribution of seeds, moving the seeds farther from the mother plants and increasing the ability of oaks to colonize. However, high numbers of dispersal movements decreased the probability of seed survival. Surprisingly, open microhabitat was found to increase dispersal distances and seed survival (higher when farther from shelter). More seeds were dispersed to shelter but had shorter dispersal distances and higher predation rates. Despite this, shelter is needed to ensure rodent presence and seed caching, so that structurally complex habitats with open microhabitats and shrub cover will favour oak regeneration. This study also underlines the contribution of rodents to effective seed dispersal (with 36.4% of surviving acorns in favourable caches at the end of autumn and 3.4% in next spring). Both the repeated movement of seeds and distance to shelter are two main factors determining seed dispersal by rodents and should be taken into account in further studies.

“Digit anatomy”: A new technique for learning anatomy using motor memory

Gestural motions of the hands and fingers are powerful tools for expressing meanings and concepts, and the nervous system has the capacity to retain multiple long-term motor memories, especially including movements of the hands. We developed many sets of successive movements of both hands, referred to as "digit anatomy," and made students practice the movements which express (1) the aortic arch, subclavian, and thoracoacromial arteries and their branches, (2) the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery and their branches, and formation of the portal vein, (3) the heart and the coronary arteries, and (4) the brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses. A feedback survey showed that digit anatomy was helpful for the students not only in memorizing anatomical structures but also in understanding their functions. Out of 40 students, 34 of them who learned anatomy with the help of digit anatomy were "very satisfied" or "generally satisfied" with this new teaching method. Digit anatomy that was used to express the aortic arch, subclavian, and thoracoacromial arteries and their branches was more helpful than those representing other structures. Although the movements of digit anatomy are expected to be remembered longer than the exact meaning of each movement, invoking the motor memory of the movement may help to make relearning of the same information easier and faster in the future.

Low Extremity Joint Kinematics of Successive Roundhouse Kicking in Taekwondo

The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematics characteristics and the difference between successive roundhouse kicks of taekwondo athletes. Seven collegiate male taekwondo athletes were recruited in this study to perform five successive roundhouse kicks, and compared the lower limb kinematics between highest and lowest kicking velocity. Motion Analysis System (250 Hz) was used to capture the movement of successive roundhouse kicks. Collected data was analyzed with EVaRT 4.65 software. The dependency sample t-test was performed to compare the position and the lower limb kinematics difference between highest and lowest velocity of successive roundhouse kicks. The significant level was set at .05. The results of this study were as follows: The highest speed kicking had: 1. significantly longer movement time; 2. Greater displacement and peak velocity at hip, knee and ankle joints; 3. Smaller peak acceleration at knee joint but greater at ankle joint; 4. Smaller angular displacement at hip joint but greater at knee joint; 5. Faster angular velocity at knee joint; and 6. smaller minimum knee joint flexion angle than the slowest speed kicking of successive kicks. It was concluded that: 1. First kick has longest attack distance and more joint displacement. The angular displacement of hip joint was smaller in order to avoid much flexion of thigh. Knee joint has smaller flexion angle during kicking beginning and has larger angular displacement, faster angular velocity for increase attack effect. 2. The distance of approach attack was shorter while joint displacement decreased during kicking. The angular displacement of hip flexion was larger but the angular displacement of knee flexion was smaller to hit the target with slightly bending knee. Therefore, it suggested that training on the attack distance and interact of each joint during training should be added in order to achieve the stable successive movement and consistent successive kicks.

What's a Feminist Therapist to Do? Engaging the Relational Paradox in a Post-Feminist Culture

The advances that women have made in public and private venues are often attributed to the successive feminist movements. One of the ironies of the 21st century, however, is that women's accomplishments are sometimes cited as proof that feminist consciousness is passé. This stance generates profound confusion and disempowerment for young women whose experience of embedded misogyny is contradicted by distortions of post-feminist discourse, one outcome of which is disconnection from socio-political context. This article illustrates the use Relational-Cultural therapy as a feminist approach that fosters healing and growth by facilitating both personal and collective empowerment.

A molecular phylogeny of bullfinches Pyrrhula Brisson, 1760 (Aves: Fringillidae)

We present a molecular phylogeny of bullfinches (Pyrrhula Brisson, 1760) based on 2357bp DNA sequence information of mitochondrial genes (cyt-b, 16S rRNA) and nuclear introns (fib-7, GAPDH-11). The genus is clearly a monophyletic group. Within the limits of Pyrrhula, molecular methods support the subdivision of three main groups: (1) “Southeast-Asian bullfinches” (P. nipalensis and P. leucogenis), (2) “Himalayan bullfinches” (P. aurantiaca, P. erythaca, P. erythrocephala), and (3) “Eurasian bullfinches” (P. pyrrhula s.l.). Within the last group there are four different subgroups: (3a) P. (p.) murina, (3b) P. (p.) cineracea, (3c) P. (p.) griseiventris, and (3d) P. pyrrhula s.str. The centre of origin of the genus Pyrrhula was most probably Southeast Asia. Incomplete lineage sorting of both mitochondrial and nuclear genes is observed among two apparently good species (P. erythaca and P. erythrocephala) indicating a very recent speciation event within the Himalayan Mountain chain. According to our estimates, the Pyrrhula ancestors split from the Pinicola ancestors before the Pleistocene. Apart from the subsequent Pre-Pleistocene splits of the three ancestral main groups, most of the diversification of today’s representatives probably took place during the past 600,000years, possibly in interaction with Pleistocene refugia and successive colonization movements after the last glaciation. Thus our work confirms the traditional delimitation of the bullfinches towards the other members of the finch family Fringillidae and corroborates most of the classic intra-generic subdivisions.

Does Antarctic glaciation force migration of the tropical rain belt?

High-resolution (similar to 3-6 k.y.) upper ocean temperature and salinity estimates derived from planktic foraminiferal delta(18)O and Mg/Ca in Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1146 reveal stepwise changes in the precipitation-evaporation balance of the subtropical northwestern Pacific during the Middle Miocene (15.7 to 12.7 Ma). We attribute the punctuated pattern of surface warming and freshening following Antarctic ice growth episodes at 14.6, 14.2, 13.9, and 13.1 Ma to successive northward movements of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, implying high sensitivity of tropical rain belts to the interhemispheric temperature gradient driven by high-latitude climate. This dynamic interaction has implications for future warmer climate regimes with differential warming of the Northern Hemisphere, as it may lead to changes in the latitudinal penetration of tropical Pacific moisture over Southeast Asia.

Deciding to Be Human? Benjamin and Schmitt on Political Theology and Animality

Carl Schmitt introduced the notion of a personalistic sovereign authority. Walter Benjamin was both influenced by, and a critic of, Schmitt’s project. The nature of Benjamin’s critique, however, still requires elucidation as commentators have not exhausted the implications of the melancholic prince in his Trauerspiel book. Contrary to Schmitt’s sovereign as a personal unit, Benjamin’s melancholic prince is not only indecisive and incapable of excluding the state of exception, but is also at the verge of becoming an animal. Based on Benjamin’s critique, I propose to rethink sovereignty authority from the perspective of successive movements of re-personalization and de-personalization

ESCRITOS MILITANTES DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS

The book Human Rights, written by historian Marco Mondaini, brings together 50 writings of various dates and nature, selected because they fulfilled important roles throughout the cycles of affirmation of Human Rights in the world. Since the first cycle - occurred throughout the XVII and XVIII centuries, with the gradual emergence of a new hegemonic mode of production, the capitalism - to the stage of dealing with the defense of the effective implementation and expansion of the hall of Rights, successive movements and writings contributed to the composition of a culture of Human Rights, tradition that influenced the making of the Universal Declaration of 1948.

Neoliberal Restructuring in Education and Health Professions in Europe

This article is based on a meta-analysis of previous research on restructuring in relation to education and health professions in Europe and more globally. It highlights common developments and signals the significant and important role of specific cycles of public to private transformation in production relations in these professions over the course of the last century and a successive movement of labour from the domestic sphere of the home to private industry as commoditized labour power, as among the most significant common global features. State involvement has been an important intermediary in these processes, by which relationships that were formerly largely untainted by commerce have become relationships involving the direct buying and selling of labour power. The process of the creation of economically productive labour power also seems to be expanding in scope in the professions, with negative consequences for service workers, low-GDP countries and lower-class fractions of recipient-consumers worldwide.

Variation on a Theme: Vibrational Signaling in Caterpillars of the Rose Hook-Tip Moth,Oreto rosea

Vibrational communication in hook-tip moth caterpillars is thought to be widely used and highly variable across species, but this phenomenon has been experimentally examined in only two species to date. The purpose of this study is to characterize and describe the function of vibrational signaling in a species, Oreta rosea Walker 1855 (Lepidoptera: Drepanidae), that differs morphologically from previously studied species. Caterpillars of this species produce three distinct types of vibrational signals during territorial encounters with conspecifics — mandible drumming, mandible scraping and lateral tremulation. Signals were recorded using a laser-doppler vibrometer and characterized based on temporal and spectral components. Behavioural encounters between a leaf resident and a conspecific intruder were staged to test the hypothesis that signaling functions as a territorial display. Drumming and scraping signals both involve the use of the mandibles, being hit vertically on, or scraped laterally across, the leaf surface. Lateral tremulation involves quick, short, successive lateral movements of the anterior body region that vibrates the entire leaf. Encounters result in residents signaling, with the highest rates observed when intruders make contact with the resident. Residents signal significantly more than intruders and most conflicts are resolved within 10 minutes, with residents winning 91% of trials. The results support the hypothesis that vibrational signals function to advertise leaf occupancy. Signaling is compared between species, and evolutionary origins of vibrational communication in caterpillars are discussed.

Exploring an Experiential Bible Study Model in the Baptist Context

The article proposes an approach to teaching the Bible that reflects the conviction, substantiated in the pioneering work of Findley Edge and others, of the need for an experiential approach to Christian education combined with the principles and concepts outlined in David Kolb's experiential theory of learning and development. The Experiential Bible Study model involves four successive movements: personal experience, biblical exegesis, critical reflection and hands-on application.

The Narrative Model for Teaching the Bible

IThe article proposes an approach to teaching the Bible that reflects the conviction, substantiated in the pioneering work of Findley Edge and others, of the need for an experiential approach to Christian education combined with the principles and concepts outlined in David Kolb's experiential theory of learning and development. The Experiential Bible Study model involves four successive movements: personal experience, biblical exegesis, critical reflection and hands-on application.

B43 柔軟でウエアラブルな移動式フォースプレートの開発(接触力)

We have developed a mobile force plate (M3D) and 3D motion analysis system by integrating small triaxial force sensors and 3D inertial sensors for estimating multi-axial GRF and orientations of feet during successive gait movements. In order to verify the measurements of the developed system, we used a stationary force plate as a reference measurement system to simultaneously measure the triaxial GRF and center of pressure when a subject was required to wear the M3D. Static and dynamic test experiments were implemented to validate the triaxial force measurement of the M3D. Experimental results verify that the developed system can be used to measure the triaxial force with acceptable precision An application trial for going up stairs was carried out using proposed system and wearable 3D motion sensors which we have developed.

Human thalamus contributes to perceptual stability across eye movements

We continuously move our eyes when we inspect a visual scene. Although this leads to a rapid succession of discontinuous and fragmented retinal snapshots, we perceive the world as stable and coherent. Neural mechanisms underlying visual stability may depend on internal monitoring of planned or ongoing eye movements. In the macaque brain, a pathway for the transmission of such signals has been identified that is relayed by central thalamic nuclei. Here, we studied a possible role of this pathway for perceptual stability in a patient with a selective lesion affecting homologous regions of the human thalamus. Compared with controls, the patient exhibited a unilateral deficit in monitoring his eye movements. This deficit was manifest by a systematic inaccuracy both in successive eye movements and in judging the locations of visual stimuli. In addition, perceptual consequences of oculomotor targeting errors were erroneously attributed to external stimulus changes. These findings show that the human brain draws on transthalamic monitoring signals to bridge the perceptual discontinuities generated by our eye movements.

Prescription footwear for severe injuries of foot and ankle: Effect on regularity and symmetry of the gait assessed by trunk accelerometry

After foot and/or ankle fracture, the restoration of optimal gait symmetry is one of the criteria of recovery. Orthotic insoles and orthopaedic shoes improve gait symmetry and regularity by controlling joint motion and improving alignment. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of prescription footwear on gait quality by using accelerometers attached to the lower back. Sixteen adult patients with persistent disability after ankle and/or foot fractures performed two 30-s walking trials with and without prescription footwear (insoles and stabilizing shoes). Sixteen control subjects were also tested for comparison. The autocorrelation function was computed from the acceleration signal and the first two dominant periods were assessed (d1 and d2). Two parameters were used: (1) Stride Regularity (SR) which expresses the similarity between strides over time (d2), and (2) Stride Symmetry (SS) a ratio (d1/d2) which expresses the left/right similarity of gait independently of repeatability in the successive movements of each limb. In control subjects, SR and SS were 0.86 ± 0.05 (correlation coefficient) and 81 ± 10%, respectively. In the patient group, the effect of footwear was significant (SR: 0.88 ± 0.06 vs. 0.90 ± 0.05, SS: 38 ± 23% vs. 46 ± 27%). Pain was also significantly reduced (−34%). By using a rapid and low-cost method, we objectively quantified gait quality improvement after footwear intervention, concomitant to pain reduction. Substantial inter-patient variability in the footwear outcome was observed. In conclusion, we believe that trunk accelerometry can be a useful tool in the field of gait rehabilitation.

Successive Cyclic Movement in English and Scandinavian and Order Preservation

Successive Cyclic Movement in English and Scandinavian and Order Preservation

Coupling and Formation Mechanism of Continental Intraplate Basin and Orogen—Examples from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and Adjacent Basins

There are very close relationships between orogenic belts and their peripheral sedimentary basins: they are spatially interdependent in structure, mutually compensatory in material, interactive in tectonics, simultaneous in tectonic evolution. The relationships indicate a unified formation mechanism for the continental orogenic belts and the sedimentary basins, which can be presented as follows: lower crustal ductile lateral flow from the basin to the orogen, driven by thermal energy related to upwelling mantle plume in the intracontinental crust and by vertical diaper movement of dehydration and magma of the subduction plate on the active continental margin, results in the circulative movement of crust materials between basins and orogens. The coupling between the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and its peripheral basins is a typical basin-orogen coupling occurring in the intraplate tectonic setting. The formation of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is not a result of collision between the India plate and the Eurasia plate, but rather the result of intraplate basin-orogen formation process driven by lower crustal flow. The tectonic evolution of intraplate basin-orogen system in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau can be divided into two stages: (1) intraplate orogen-basin formation stage. During this stage, the spatial and temporal evolution of the intraplate orogens and basins in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is indicated by the successive geographic movement of the locations of the new basin-orogen systems from the northern and eastern, to the central, and finally to the southern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, corresponding geochronologically to periods from 180–120 Ma, to 65–30 Ma, and finally to 23–7 Ma. This stage was manifested by extensive intraplate faulting, folding, block movement, magmatism and metallogeny. (2) isostatic mountain building and basin margin subsidence stage. In this stage, there were rapid uplift and strong erosion of the entire Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and rapid subsidence and molasse formation in the depressions on the margins of the peripheral basins resulted from gravity isostasy since 3.6 Ma. The stage is characterized by pulsative uplift and subsidence, crust-scale vertical movement, integral rapid uplifting of the Plateau, local subsiding of basin margin, and tremendous change in topography and environment, with pulses at 3.6 Ma B.P., 2.5 Ma B.P., 1.8–1.2 Ma B.P., 0.8 Ma B.P., 0.15 Ma B.P., etc. The intracontinental basin-orogen systems also underwent tectonic transformation from extension to compression, and the active movement respectively changed from the basin to the orogen. Non-Anderson low-angle detachment, wavy thrust faults, and abnormal conjugate strike-slip faults are formed due to lower crustal flow and intraplate basin-orogeny coupling.

Measurement of instantaneous perceived self-motion using continuous pointing

In order to optimally characterize full-body self-motion perception during passive translations, changes in perceived location, velocity, and acceleration must be quantified in real time and with high spatial resolution. Past methods have failed to effectively measure these critical variables. Here, we introduce continuous pointing as a novel method with several advantages over previous methods. Participants point continuously to the mentally updated location of a previously viewed target during passive, full-body movement. High-precision motion-capture data of arm angle provide a measure of a participant's perceived location and, in turn, perceived velocity at every moment during a motion trajectory. In two experiments, linear movements were presented in the absence of vision by passively translating participants with a robotic wheelchair or an anthropomorphic robotic arm (MPI Motion Simulator). The movement profiles included constant-velocity trajectories, two successive movement intervals separated by a brief pause, and reversed-motion trajectories. Results indicate a steady decay in perceived velocity during constant-velocity travel and an attenuated response to mid-trial accelerations.

The idea of “Indian food”, between the colonial and the global

The Indian sub-continent is ethnically and culturally diverse, and its food cultures are widely divergent. The category of “Indian cuisine” is a modern construction, a culmination of a history of successive imperial movements and syntheses, with contributions by the Portuguese, the Mughals, the Persians and the British. Diverse ingredients and traditions are synthesised and re-shaped to create distinct styles of cookery and service. The British, being a capitalist and globalising empire, was the most potent in shaping and diffusing forms of “Indian food”. Colonial and post-colonial migrations of the twentieth century developed those formations into a restaurant culture, first in Britain, then diffused to other parts of the world, including India itself. Further mutations are in progress at present with the wide diffusions and hybridisation of food cultures and the seemingly opposite pull to “authenticity”.