Successful Task Performance Research Articles

Волевые качества и копинг-стратегии личности у сотрудников полиции

For the successful performance of official tasks by police officers, they need a certain level of formation of professionally important qualities that contribute to overcoming stressful, conflict, difficult situations. Such qualities in particular include coping and will. The purpose of the article is to empirically test the hypothesis about the relationship between the volitional qualities of a person and coping strategies among police officers.
 The article deals with the relationship between coping strategies and volitional qualities of a person. Theoretical grounds for relationships are given, based on the concepts of the volitional sphere of personality and coping. Theoretical assumptions are tested empirically using correlation analysis. Correlations of personal volitional qualities with such coping strategies as «self-control», «search for social support», «acceptance responsibility», «avoidance», «decision making».
 Conclusions.1) In general, the volitional qualities of the personality of police officers are developed at a high level. Separate volitional qualities of the personality of the employees are developed at a uniformly high level, which indicates the harmony of the volitional sphere of the police officers. 2) The relationship of volitional qualities and coping strategies is ambiguous. The coping strategies of «accepting responsibility» and «avoidance» among strong-willed police officers are more pronounced. The coping strategy «decision making» among employees with pronounced volitional qualities is less developed.

Current requests of the regional professional community for the content of training specialists in the field of finance and credit

The article presents the results of a study of the requests of the financiers’ regional professional community for the content of training graduates of educational programs of higher education in the profile “Finance and Credit”. In the theoretical part of the study we carried out a brief overview of the problems of professional activity and the features of training a modern specialist in the field of finance. The theoretical model of the competence profile became the basis for the development of indicators of the expert survey of the professional community of financiers. The expert survey was attended by 34 people from among the leading specialists of specialized organizations in the region (the South of Russia). We carried out a factor analysis of the survey results, based on expert assessments of the importance of professional competencies for the successful performance of professional tasks by future financiers. The survey database was processed in the SPSS Statistics program (version 23). The assessment of the importance of professional competencies allows us to identify the current vectors of the development of the Bachelor’s educational program “Finance and Credit” to ensure the successful professional socialization of future graduates and the effective solution of production tasks of financial organizations. The results of the study contribute to the socio-economic development of the region and support of entrepreneurial initiatives of residents of the South of Russia through maintaining high quality of financial and credit services to the population

ПРОФЕСІОГРАФІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ЗАСТУПНИКА КОМАНДИРА ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ЧАСТИНИ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ ПО РОБОТІ З ОСОБОВИМ СКЛАДОМ ТА ЙОГО ВИКОРИСТАННЯ У ПРОЦЕСІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ

On the basis of the conducted theoretical and empirical studies, a professional analysis of the activities of the deputy commander of the military unit of the National Guard of Ukraine for work with personnel is provided. The relevance of the above is due to the increase and updating of requirements for the content and quality of the activities to improve the process of professional training of higher education graduates to perform the duties of the specified position. The purpose of the work is determined in the context of the implementation of actual innovations regarding the reform of the moral and psychological support of the formations of the NGU and the transition to NATO standards. The presented research information reveals the content and features of the activity, the main conditions for the implementation of this activity, the psychological components of ensuring the successful performance of professional tasks by the researched specialist, the main indicators of the effectiveness of his work in the position, the most professionally important qualities and the main contraindications to the performance of professional duties, criteria and corresponding indicators of the success of its professionalization. The possibility of using the specified array of information in the interest of improving the quality of professional and psychological selection and further professional training of specialists of the operational-level medical center is substantiated. It was established that the criteria determined in the course of the study and the corresponding main indicators of the success of the professionalization of the operational-level specialist are the basis for the implementation of psychological monitoring of his readiness to perform the duties

Computer technologies in audit analytical procedures

Introduction. The impact of modern computer technologies on the field of auditing leads to the development and transformation of methods of auditing procedures. In connection with the growing complexity of business operations and the large volume of financial information, the introduction of computer technologies into analytical audit procedures becomes critical to ensure the efficiency, accuracy and reliability of audit operations. After all, when using digital technologies, analytical procedures, which are an important component of auditing, are significantly accelerated, automated and improved. The use of computer technologies in the process of analytical audit procedures allows to significantly increase the efficiency and accuracy of audit operations, accelerating the processing of large volumes of data, conducting analysis and identifying potential deviations or deficiencies in financial reporting. Through the use of specialized audit programs and the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning, these technologies become a necessary component for the successful performance of modern audit tasks. Purpose. It consists in researching the methodological foundations of analytical procedures in auditing and their practical use in the conditions of digital technologies and the effects of martial law in the country. Method (methodology). To achieve the goal, general scientific, economic and mathematical methods and approaches were used, in particular the method of least squares, analytical procedures and tools: horizontal and vertical analysis, financial ratios, formalization and generalization. The results. The need to unify (typify) analytical indicators, to bring them to a single standard, to uniformity of calculation and terminology, and their recommended values in the conditions of using digital technologies in audit, is argued.

Зміст науково-теоретичної підготовки соціальних працівників до роботи з вразливими категоріями населення

The article theoretically substantiates and develops the content of scientific and theoretical training of social workers to work with vulnerable categories of the population. It has been established that scientific and theoretical training is one of the components of the professional training of social workers, which is defined as a purposeful process and the result of forming the willingness of future specialists for professional activity, aimed at mastering a set of value orientations, scientific and theoretical knowledge, operational and practical abilities and skills, individual and personal qualities necessary for successful performance of professional tasks in the field of social work. It has been found that the content of the scientific and theoretical training of social workers to work with vulnerable categories of the population is aimed at mastering modern knowledge and technologies for working with them and includes the following aspects: knowledge of methodological approaches, theories, concepts, conceptual and terminological apparatus of social work with vulnerable categories of the population; knowledge of the principles of social policy in working with vulnerable categories of the population and the specifics of providing social services; understanding the essence and classification of vulnerable categories of the population, difficult life circumstances; knowledge of the directions and content of social work with vulnerable categories of the population; knowledge of technologies of scientific and theoretical forecasting, designing, modelling of social work with vulnerable categories of the population; knowledge of technologies, methods and forms of social work with vulnerable categories of the population; knowledge of the domestic system of social protection, etc.

Estimation of Joint Torque by EMG-Driven Neuromusculoskeletal Models and LSTM Networks.

Accurately predicting joint torque using wearable sensors is crucial for designing assist-as-needed exoskeleton controllers to assist muscle-generated torque and ensure successful task performance. In this paper, we estimated ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion, knee flexion/extension, hip flexion/extension, and hip abduction/adduction torques from electromyography (EMG) and kinematics during daily activities using neuromusculoskeletal (NMS) models and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. The joint torque ground truth for model calibrating and training was obtained through inverse dynamics of captured motion data. A cluster approach that grouped movements based on characteristic similarity was implemented, and its ability to improve the estimation accuracy of both NMS and LSTM models was evaluated. We compared torque estimation accuracy of NMS and LSTM models in three cases: Pooled, Individual, and Clustered models. Pooled models used data from all 10 movements to calibrate or train one model, Individual models used data from each individual movement, and Clustered models used data from each cluster. Individual, Clustered and Pooled LSTM models all had relatively high joint torque estimation accuracy. Individual and Clustered NMS models had similarly good estimation performance whereas the Pooled model may be too generic to satisfy all movement patterns. While the cluster approach improved the estimation accuracy in NMS models in some movements, it made relatively little difference in the LSTM neural networks, which already had high estimation accuracy. Our study provides practical implications for designing assist-as-needed exoskeleton controllers by offering guidelines for selecting the appropriate model for different scenarios, and has potential to enhance the functionality of wearable exoskeletons and improve rehabilitation and assistance for individuals with motor disorders.

Удосконалення техніки рукопашного бою як засіб психологічної підготовки військовослужбовців до професійної діяльності

The long-term experience of physical training of the Armed Forces of foreign countries convincingly proves that hand-to-hand combat, with appropriate organization and conduct, can serve as an effective means of educating personnel in the spirit of devotion, contribute to instilling in servicemen a sense of responsibility, camaraderie and mutual assistance, loyalty to one’s duty, collectivism and cohesion. Today, when our servicemen take part in the defense of the state, it is especially important to use all possible means for the psychological readiness of servicemen in order to perform their assigned tasks in a high-quality manner. The successful performance of military tasks and the future fate of our country depend on the psychological preparedness of military personnel. The purpose of the research was to determine modern technologies and methods of improving hand-to-hand combat techniques to improve the combat and psychological training of servicemen. Research methods. To conduct the research, the methods of theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, questionnaires among experts (15 people) and cadets-future officers (120 cadets) were used, regarding the effectiveness of the application of the training model for future officers in hand-to-hand combat in the system of physical training. The methods of theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature were used to conduct the research. In total, more than 60 sources of information were analyzed, after which a final review was conducted and 34 literature sources were singled out, the material of which was processed using general scientific methods. The results. According to the results of the study, it was established that special physical training as an educational discipline aims to provide training of military personnel and specialists of power structures with a high level of versatile physical and psychological readiness, capable of effectively and qualitatively solving assigned tasks, to withstand mental, neuropsychological and physical stress without reducing the effectiveness of military professional activity, mastering the skills of using means of physical influence and self-defense, as well as minimizing the negative impact of the factors of the real situation on the general efficiency and combat readiness of personnel, which becomes especially relevant in the conditions of long, continuous combat operations. Conclusions. The need for the process of training the future personnel of military personnel and specialists of the security forces of Ukraine for complex forms of pedagogical activity, in which medical-biological, psychophysiological, and organizational-methodical approaches are integrated, is determined. Accounting for all the mentioned approaches in a complex is the most important condition for increasing the effectiveness of the learning process

Professional Quality of Life and its Relation to Self-Care in Mediation Professionals

Approach: When people or groups in conflict initiate a mediation process to try to reach an agreement, painful and distressing feelings emerge. Mediation professionals facilitate and promote understanding despite the suffering that arises along the way. Previous research has confirmed the impact of professional quality of life and self-care on successful task performance. This research is a pioneering study in the occupational field of mediation. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyse the efficacy of personal and professional self-care practices in relation to the quality of professional life of Spanish mediators. Findings: Mediators presented moderately high levels of compassion satisfaction but also had moderately high levels of burnout and compassion fatigue. Self-care positively correlated with compassion satisfaction and negatively with burnout and compassion fatigue. Originality: Were found positive associations between self-care and professional quality of life. Such a finding can help create personal and professional self-care practices to improve the lives of professionals.

Вплив технологій доповненої реальності на кардіологічні показники курсантів НАНГУ під час тренувальної імітації виконання бойового завдання

на сьогоднішній день, в умовах проведення військових дій на території України, значно зростає необхідність навчання та підготовки курсантів вищих військових навчальних закладів (ВНЗ) для успішного виконання різноманітних бойових завдань та готовність курсантів до виконання цих завдань в умовах значного психоемоційного, нервового та фізичного навантаження. Найкращій спосіб досягти максимального рівня готовності курсантів вищих ВНЗ – це проведення тренувальної імітації виконання бойового завдання. Проте, результати аналізу технічної та спеціальної підготовки особового складу екіпажів бойових машин вказують на недостатній рівень підготовки вищезазначених екіпажів, що не забезпечує виконання бойових завдань у повному обсязі. Під час навчального процесу недостатньо часу присвячено заняттям на навчально-тренажерних засобах. Для кращого відбору осіб, які мають проводити свою професійну діяльність в умовах хронічного стресу, постійного ризику для свого життя та здоров’я, вбачається актуальним розглянути питання оцінки кардіологічних показників курсантів при виконанні тренувальних імітацій бойового завдання. Метою нашої роботи є отримання та аналізування даних моніторингу базових показників роботи серця у категорії здорових чоловіків віком 18-31 років, які навчаються в Національної академії Національної гвардії України (НАНГУ), із метою оцінки кардіологічних показників толерантності в ході тренувальної імітації виконання бойового завдання. Було обстежено 88 курсантів 3-го та 4-го курсів НАНГУ. В дослідження не були включені курсанти з наявними хронічними захворюваннями у фазі загострення, з наявними гострими респіраторними захворюваннями, ознаками психо-емоційного перевантаження, віком менше ніж 18 років а також ті, що відмовились від проведення обстеження. Для імітації бойового завдання нами був використаний навчально-тренувальний комплексу БТР-4Е, оснащений бойовим модулем «Парус». Реакція серцево-судинної системи курсантів на тренувальне навантаження характеризується статистично значущим (p=0,025) збільшенням значенням амплітуди піків Т, зменшенням значення амплітуди піків P (p<0,001) та зменшенням ЧСС (p<0,001) при проведенні вимірювань негайно після завершення вправи. Нашими дослідженнями встановлено, що релаксація і швидке відновлення кардіологічних показників до значень характерних для стану спокою відбувається за 1-3 хвилини після завершення тренувальної імітації виконання бойового завдання. Це свідчить про те, що використання імерсійних технологій (в нашому випадку технологій доповненої реальності) має позитивний вплив на вегетативну регуляцію у курсантів.

Working Memory, Vocabulary Breadth and Depth in Reading Comprehension: A Study with Third Graders

ABSTRACT In the current study, we investigated the role of vocabulary knowledge in the relation between working memory (WM) and reading comprehension, in a sample of 55 typically developing 8-year-old Italian children. The role of WM in comprehension is well-established, as both involve similar processes for successful task performance (i.e., active maintenance of relevant information, while inhibiting irrelevant material). Less investigated is the role of vocabulary knowledge. Here, we considered breadth, (assessed via a naming task) and depth (assessed via similarity and a vocabulary task). Our data showed the strong relation between WM and reading comprehension is mediated by vocabulary depth (but not vocabulary breadth). In addition, we also demonstrated the reverse relationship, that is WM and reading comprehension account for vocabulary depth (but not breadth). These findings have important implications for educational research and contribute to the literature on the nature of reading comprehension.

Подготовка кадров системы Министерства внутренних дел оссийской Федерации: задачи и перспективы развития

The article is devoted to the evaluation of personnel system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. General theoretical characteristics of the personnel system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation are given, the system of tasks of this system at the present stage of development is formed. Thanks to the theoretical and normative-legal analysis of the personnel system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation the place and the role of personnel policy in the system of unified state personnel policy has been revealed.
 A direct correlation between the efficiency of functioning of internal affairs bodies and the clarity, specificity, and quality of training of the personnel system has been established. Training of the personnel system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation is an organized and purposeful process of mastering and constantly improving professional skills, knowledge and skills that are necessary for the successful performance of tasks assigned to the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. 
 During the assessment of the internal content of the personnel system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation its principal aspects are highlighted, as well as formed directions of work with cadres of internal affairs bodies. In correlation of the theory of the question with the normative-legal regulation and the tasks of personnel training in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation prospective directions of development in this area have been determined.

КОМПОНЕНТЫ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ГОТОВНОСТИ СОТРУДНИКОВ ОРГАНОВ ВНУТРЕННИХ ДЕЛ К ВЫПОЛНЕНИЮ СЛУЖЕБНЫХ ЗАДАЧ В ЭКСТРЕМАЛЬНЫХ СИТУАЦИЯХ

The article considers the features of professional readiness of employees of internal affairs bodies to work in extreme situations. It is noted that employees of the internal affairs bodies perform official tasks in extreme situations, so this activity is accompanied by high emotional tension, the need to overcome negative emotional states. The motivational, operational and psycho-emotional components of professional readiness for activity are shown. Extreme situations in the activities of internal affairs bodies are considered. It is determined that the perception of the situation as extreme is subjective. The subjectivity of perception is based on the presence of subjective experience, as well as the formation of specific knowledge and skills. The theoretical, practical and psychological components of professional readiness for activity are characterized. It is concluded that the presence of theoretical, practical and psychological components of professional readiness will optimize the process of professional training for activities in extreme situations, and, thus, will create conditions for the successful performance of operational and service tasks.

Importance of non-technical skills in anaesthesia education.

Rising concern about patient safety has resulted in growing interest in non-technical skills (NTS) among anaesthesiologists. Growing evidence suggesting the use of good NTS training in patient safety in simulated as well as real-world environment made them important in medical education. Both technical skills (TS) and NTS are interdependent. Successful task performance depends on effective integration of both TS and NTS for any given situation. Development of tools for assessing the NTS of an anaesthesiologist in improving health care outcomes is challenging. Teaching, understanding and evaluating NTS among anaesthesiologists in improving health care outcomes is a domain which is supposed to be a rich seam for future studies.

Transsaccadic integration of visual information is predictive, attention-based, and spatially precise.

Eye movements produce shifts in the positions of objects in the retinal image, but observers are able to integrate these shifting retinal images into a coherent representation of visual space. This ability is thought to be mediated by attention-dependent saccade-related neural activity that is used by the visual system to anticipate the retinal consequences of impending eye movements. Previous investigations of the perceptual consequences of this predictive activity typically infer attentional allocation using indirect measures such as accuracy or reaction time. Here, we investigated the perceptual consequences of saccades using an objective measure of attentional allocation, reverse correlation. Human observers executed a saccade while monitoring a flickering target object flanked by flickering distractors and reported whether the average luminance of the target was lighter or darker than the background. Successful task performance required subjects to integrate visual information across the saccade. A reverse correlation analysis yielded a spatiotemporal “psychophysical kernel” characterizing how different parts of the stimulus contributed to the luminance decision throughout each trial. Just before the saccade, observers integrated luminance information from a distractor located at the post-saccadic retinal position of the target, indicating a predictive perceptual updating of the target. Observers did not integrate information from distractors placed in alternative locations, even when they were nearer to the target object. We also observed simultaneous predictive perceptual updating for two spatially distinct targets. These findings suggest both that shifting neural representations mediate the coherent representation of visual space, and that these shifts have significant consequences for transsaccadic perception.

Target position and avoidance margin effects on path planning in obstacle avoidance

This study examined how people choose their path to a target, and the visual information they use for path planning. Participants avoided stepping outside an avoidance margin between a stationary obstacle and the edge of a walkway as they walked to a bookcase and picked up a target from different locations on a shelf. We provided an integrated explanation for path selection by combining avoidance margin, deviation angle, and distance to the obstacle. We found that the combination of right and left avoidance margins accounted for 26%, deviation angle accounted for 39%, and distance to the obstacle accounted for 35% of the variability in decisions about the direction taken to circumvent an obstacle on the way to a target. Gaze analysis findings showed that participants directed their gaze to minimize the uncertainty involved in successful task performance and that gaze sequence changed with obstacle location. In some cases, participants chose to circumvent the obstacle on a side for which the gaze time was shorter, and the path was longer than for the opposite side. Our results of a path selection judgment test showed that the threshold for participants abandoning their preferred side for circumventing the obstacle was a target location of 15 cm to the left of the bookcase shelf center.

Психологические особенности субъектов экстремальной деятельности в зависимости от продолжительности служебно-трудового стажа

Professional activity, which includes an extreme component at the content level, is a special type of activity with the presentation of increased physical, psychological and psychophysiological requirements for a person, the consideration of which contributes to the successful performance of service and work tasks and the prevention of psychosomatic, psychovegetative and pathological organizational changes of the subject. The purpose of the study is to identify the psychological characteristics of the subjects of extreme activity, depending on the length of service and work experience. To achieve the goal of the study, we studied 508 male respondents whose professional activity contained an extreme component (military air traffic controllers, ground-based and deck-based transport and fighter pilots, surface sailors, submariners, firefighters, specialists engaged in the disposal of spent nuclear fuel, participants in combat operations). As a result of the study, it was found that with an increase in the length of service and work experience, interpersonal relationships are transformed in specialists of extreme profile, personality qualities and characterological features change. Professional resiliency does not change in the course of official and labor activity

Movement-Related Gamma Synchrony Differentially Predicts Behavior in the Presence of Visual Interference Across the Lifespan.

The ability to allocate neural resources to task-relevant stimuli, while inhibiting distracting information in the surrounding environment (i.e., selective attention) is critical for high-level cognitive function, and declines in this ability have been linked to functional deficits in later life. Studies of age-related declines in selective attention have focused on frontal circuitry, with almost no work evaluating the contribution of motor cortical dynamics to successful task performance. Herein, we examined 69 healthy adults (23-72years old) who completed a flanker task during magnetoencephalography (MEG). MEG data were imaged in the time-frequency domain using a beamformer to evaluate the contribution of motor cortical dynamics to age-related increases in behavioral interference effects. Our results showed that gamma oscillations in the contralateral motor cortex (M1) were a robust predictor of reaction time, regardless of interference level. Additionally, we observed condition-wise differences in gamma-by-age interactions, such that in younger adults, increases in M1 gamma power were predictive of faster reaction times during incongruent trials, while older adults did not receive this same behavioral benefit. Importantly, these data indicate that M1 gamma oscillations are differentially predictive of behavior in the presence, but not absence of visual interference, resulting in exhausted compensatory strategies with age.

Assessing combinatorial effects of HIV infection and former cocaine dependence on cognitive control processes: A high-density electrical mapping study of response inhibition

Stimulant drug use in HIV + patients is associated with poor personal and public health outcomes, including high-risk sexual behavior and faster progression from HIV to AIDS. Inhibitory control--the ability to withhold a thought, feeling, or action--is a central construct involved in the minimization of risk-taking behaviors. Recent neuroimaging and behavioral evidence indicate normalization of inhibitory control processes in former cocaine users as a function of the duration of drug abstinence, but it is unknown whether this recovery trajectory persists in former users with comorbid HIV. Here, we investigate the neural correlates of inhibitory control in 103 human subjects using high-density EEG recording as participants performed a Go/NoGo response inhibition task. Four groups of participants were recruited, varying on HIV and cocaine-dependence status. Electrophysiological responses to successful inhibitions and behavioral task performance were compared among groups. Results indicate persistent behavioral and neurophysiological impairment in HIV+ patients’ response inhibition despite current abstinence from cocaine. Analysis of task performance showed that HIV+ abstinent cocaine-dependent participants demonstrate the lowest performance of all groups across all metrics of task accuracy. Planned comparisons of electrophysiological components revealed a main effect of scalp site and an interaction between HIV-status and scalp site on N2 amplitudes during successful inhibitions. Analysis of the P3 time region showed a main effect of scalp site and an interaction between HIV-status and cocaine dependence. These results suggest synergistic alterations in the neurophysiology of response inhibition and indicate that abstinence-related recovery of inhibitory control may be attenuated in patients with HIV.

ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ СПОСОБІВ ВИЖИВАННЯ ОСОБОВОГО СКЛАДУ ПІДРОЗДІЛІВ ЛОГІСТИКИ ВІЙСЬКОВИХ ЧАСТИН ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ В ЕКСТРЕМАЛЬНИХ УМОВАХ

The article substantiates the methods of survival of the personnel of the logistical units of the military units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU) in extreme conditions. The study was conducted in relation to military specialists of the logistics services in the areas of food and clothing support, as well as fuel and lubricants supply in various types of military and other operations. The experience of the participation of servicemen of the rear units in the anti-terrorist operation (ATO), the joint task forces operation (JFO) indicates that the successful completion of tasks related to material and technical support depends not only on their professional and moral-psychological readiness, but also on the extreme training of the personnel of the units the logistics of military units, that is, their readiness, reliability and ability to carry out tasks at any time and in any conditions under the influence of physical and psychological stress. Performance of tasks for the personnel of the units of the logistics of the military units of the Armed Forces, both in areas with a difficult socio-political situation and in permanent deployment centers, is always associated with testing the physical and mental capabilities of a person. The military has to face significant difficulties and obstacles, both external and internal in nature. This tension of military activity causes physical, mental, informational and other overloads of personnel and often leads to the emergence of negative mental states. The problem of the survival of servicemen of the logistical units of the military units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in extreme conditions is very relevant today. The psychological training of the personnel of the Armed Forces in special conditions is historically determined and scientifically substantiated methods of psychological training of servicemen of the logistical units, the process of education, formation and activation of sustainable motives and psychological qualities of a modern soldier, necessary for the successful performance of official tasks, professional activities both in peace and in wartime. Studies on the justification of the methods of survival and actions of servicemen of the rear units (logistics) of the military units of the Armed Forces in extreme conditions can be used in the future when developing programs for training personnel of the logistical units for operations in critical and crisis situations. Keywords: material, technical, support, method, survival, personnel, rear units, logistical equipment, military unit, extreme conditions, military operations.

Algorithmic Design for Embodied Intelligence in Synthetic Cells

In nature, biological organisms jointly evolve both their morphology and their neurological capabilities to improve their chances for survival. Consequently, task information is encoded in both their brains and their bodies. In robotics, the development of complex control and planning algorithms often bears sole responsibility for improving task performance. This dependence on centralized control can be problematic for systems with computational limitations, such as mechanical systems and robots on the microscale. In these cases, we need to be able to offload complex computation onto the physical morphology of the system. To this end, we introduce a methodology for algorithmically arranging sensing and actuation components into a robot design while maintaining a low level of design complexity (quantified using a measure of graph entropy) and a high level of task embodiment (evaluated by analyzing the Kullback–Leibler divergence between physical executions of the robot and those of an idealized system). This approach computes an idealized, unconstrained control policy that is projected onto a limited selection of sensors and actuators in a given library, resulting in intelligence that is distributed away from a central processor and instead embodied in the physical body of a robot. The method is demonstrated by computationally optimizing a simulated synthetic cell. Note to Practitioners —As robotic systems approach the micrometer scale, designing them to be fully autonomous will rely less on onboard computation and more on component selection and design. In this article, we are motivated by synthetic cells—microscopic devices with limited actuation, sensing, and memory components. We apply tools from optimal control, graph theory, and information theory to develop a methodology for designing the electronic circuitry that relates actuation to sensing using memory and physically realizable transformations (e.g., simple logical operators). Results indicate that encoding task information in the physical body of a robot via a simple control policy leads to successful task performance. In future work, we plan to apply these methods to different robotic systems and to experimentally employ these designs on actual synthetic cells.