Successful Eradication Research Articles

Estimating sampling and laboratory capacity for a simulated African swine fever outbreak in the United States.

Estimating sampling and laboratory capacity for a simulated African swine fever outbreak in the United States.

Early versus Late Eradication of Helicobacter pylori after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of Gastric Neoplasms: A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Study.

Helicobacter pylori is a well-known gastric carcinogen, and its eradication is an important therapeutic strategy to prevent the development of metachronous lesions following endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). However, the optimal timing for H. pylori eradication following ESD remains unclear. In this multicenter, prospective, randomized trial, 191 patients undergoing ESD for gastric neoplasms were randomly assigned to either an early (3 to 5 days) or late (8 to 9 weeks) eradication group after ESD. The primary outcome was the rate of successful H. pylori eradication. Secondary outcomes included the tolerability and side effects of eradication therapy in both groups. A total of 149 patients were included in the per-protocol analysis (75 in the early eradication group and 74 in the late eradication group) after excluding patients who required surgery or were lost to follow-up. The early eradication group showed a significantly higher eradication rate compared to the late eradication group (early 80.0%, late 64.9%; p=0.045). However, the tolerability and side effects of the eradication therapy did not differ between the groups. In multivariate analysis, early initiation of eradication therapy after ESD was an independent predictor of successful eradication (odds ratio, 2.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 5.05; p=0.038). Early attempts to eradicate H. pylori following ESD significantly increased eradication success rates without increasing the incidence of side effects. Therefore, early attempts to eradicate H. pylori after ESD may be the best option for successful eradication. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02921399).

Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation of Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Type 2 Outbreak in Pakistan During 2019-2021.

To mitigate the risk of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) establishment and associated paralytic cases, oral polio vaccine 2 was globally withdrawn from the routine immunization schedule in 2016, soon after the certification of wild poliovirus type 2 eradication. We investigated the epidemiology of cVDPV2 outbreak and impact of type 2 immunization response in Pakistan to contain the transmission of poliovirus type 2 after trivalent to bivalent oral polio vaccine switch in 2016. Epidemiological, virological, and immunization data were assessed to ascertain the effectiveness of cVDPV2 outbreak response activities. A total of 35 724 paralytic cases and 2804 sewage wastewater samples collected between July 2019 and March 2022 were tested for cVDPV2 detection. Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 was identified in 0.5% (181/35 724) of paralytic cases and 11% (298/2804) of sewage wastewater samples. The cVDPV2 strains were grouped into 13 indigenous and 2 imported emergence groups. Fourteen vaccination rounds of oral poliovirus type 2 (monovalent oral polio vaccine/trivalent oral polio vaccine) and 5 rounds of inactivated poliovirus vaccine were conducted between September 2019 and December 2021, resulting in successful interruption of cVDPV2 transmission in ∼2 years. Our findings highlight the imperative need of optimal vaccination coverage during routine immunization to build up and sustain the immunity against poliovirus for successful eradication of endemic wild poliovirus type 1 and to prevent cVDPV2 emergence.

Therapeutic Role of Probiotics for the Treatment of Dyspepsia: A Review of the Literature.

Dyspepsia is a common condition with a high prevalence in the general population. Patients in whom traditional diagnostic procedures can detect no identifiable explanation for the symptoms are diagnosed as being affected by functional dyspepsia (FD). To date, no etiological therapy for FD is available, and the current management includes general measures, acid-suppressive drugs, prokinetic agents, fundus-relaxing drugs, antidepressants, and psychological interventions. Recent evidence suggests that microbiota imbalance is involved in the development of FD. As a consequence, the modulation of microbiota through the use of probiotics could represent an effective therapeutic strategy. Moreover, Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is a frequent cause of dyspepsia, and patients diagnosed with HP-associated dyspepsia are treated with HP eradication. In this regard, probiotics supplementation may also be helpful for HP infection to increase the eradication success rate as well as to reduce gastrointestinal adverse events caused by antibiotics. This review of the literature aims to summarize and discuss the current evidence on the use of probiotics in the treatment of dyspepsia and as a supplement to HP eradication therapy.

The Epidemiology and Determinants of Poliomyelitis in Nigeria: A Systematic Review

Background and Objectives: Poliovirus, a highly infectious viral disease, has been a major public health concern in Nigeria. Despite the country’s successful eradication of wild poliovirus in 2020, outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 continue to pose significant challenges. This study aims to assess the epidemic situation of poliomyelitis in Nigeria, analyzing historical trends, current epidemiology, vaccination strategies, and barriers to eradication. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data were gathered from World Health Organization (WHO) database, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) database and National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA). An initial total of 75 studies were identified through database searches. After duplicate removal, screening, and full-text assessment, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final review. These studies focused on the epidemiology of poliomyelitis in Nigeria, patterns of disease distribution, vaccination interventions, and public health responses. Results: Nigeria was declared free of wild poliovirus in 2020 following decades of extensive immunization efforts. However, between 2021 and 2023, over 1,028 cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 were reported, with the majority occurring in northern states such as Kebbi, Sokoto, and Zamfara. Contributing factors include low immunization coverage, insecurity, vaccine hesitancy, and limited access to healthcare. Several types of vaccines, including the oral poliovirus vaccine and the inactivated poliovirus vaccine, have been deployed nationally. The introduction of the novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 in 2021 marked a significant milestone, with over 27 million children vaccinated in 2023. Nevertheless, logistical, cultural, and security-related challenges continue to affect the success of eradication campaigns. Conclusion: While Nigeria has successfully eliminated wild poliovirus, the persistence of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 remains a major public health concern. Strengthening routine and supplementary immunization programs, including expanded use of the novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2, is essential. Raising public awareness about the safety and importance of vaccination, particularly in underserved and conflict-affected communities, will be critical to achieving complete eradication. Strategic, inclusive interventions are needed to address systemic barriers, ensure equitable healthcare access, and maintain Nigeria’s polio-free status.

Nontuberculosis Mycobacterium Infections in Orthopaedic Surgery: Review of the Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment Guidelines.

Nontuberculosis Mycobacterium infections are rare but devastating infections in orthopaedic surgery. The complexity of treatment and the high rate of treatment failure for nontuberculosis Mycobacterium infections illustrate their unique pathogenesis and success at evading normal immune responses. To date, there is no formal treatment algorithm developed for managing these infections in orthopaedic surgery. Successful eradication relies on prolonged culture-specific antibiotic therapies coupled with surgical resection, implant/prosthesis removal, and occasionally amputations. These multidrug therapies often have a high rate of complications, drug-drug interactions, and poor tolerance, further increasing the complexity of treatment. Outlining the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment guidelines of these rare but detrimental infections is essential to improving treatment success.

Abstract 6109: Dual targeting of cancer and stromal cells, by combining a FAP-CAR and a PRAME TCR, enhances T cell infiltration and efficient eradication of a wide range of hard-to-treat solid tumors

Abstract Background: The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) is a significant barrier to improving the clinical efficacy of T cell receptor (TCR) T cell therapies in solid tumors. The TME largely consists of stromal cells such as cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) that support tumor growth and hamper immune responses by forming a physical barrier preventing T cell infiltration and exerting immunosuppressive activity. A common cell surface antigen of CAFs with limited expression in healthy tissue is fibroblast activating protein (FAP). Dual targeting T cells expressing an anti-FAP CAR together with a PRAME-specific TCR and CD8 co-receptor (CoR) were generated using non-viral gene editing. This construct enables depletion of CAFs and disruption of the tumor’s supportive stroma and immune barriers, thereby enhancing TCR-T cell infiltration and tumor eradication. Methods: Ten scFvs against FAP were engineered into 2nd gen 4-1BB CARs and retrovirally transduced into PMBCs. FAP-CAR T cells were selected based on CAR expression using flow cytometry and cytotoxicity against FAP positive target cells. T cells were non virally gene edited with selected FAP-CARs in combination with a HLA-A*02 restricted PRAME-specific TCR and a CD8 CoR. Functionality was tested under repeated antigen stimulation in 2D and 3D in vitro cancer models expressing physiological levels of FAP and PRAME. Results: Ten anti-FAP CARs bearing different scFvs were screened based on T cell surface expression and functional activity against FAP overexpressing BT-549 cancer cells. An in vitro multi-cellular model was developed consisting of GFP-labelled cancer cells expressing physiological levels of PRAME and immortalized RFP positive fibroblasts expressing physiological levels of FAP. T cells co-expressing a PRAME TCR, CD8 CoR and 4 selected FAP-CARs were generated and tested for cytotoxicity upon repeated stimulation. Two candidates enabled multiple rounds of killing. Then, a multicomponent 3D spheroid model of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was developed combining cancer cells, monocytes, CAFs and extracellular matrix, mimicking the dual action of TME, raising a physical barrier against T cell infiltration and mediating immune suppression. Constructs containing an anti-FAP-CAR demonstrated a superior infiltration, cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion profile compared to TCR-T cells without CAR armoring. Conclusion: Dual targeting T cells incorporating both a FAP-CAR and a PRAME TCR demonstrated successful infiltration and effective eradication of both cancer cells and stromal cells within our proprietary, multicomponent 3D spheroid model mimicking the harsh NSCLC TME. This approach holds promise to tackle a major challenge in solid tumor therapy, increasing T cell infiltration and eliciting potent, durable anti-tumor responses. Citation Format: Paul Najm, Kathrin Skibbe, Mikhail Steklov, Panagiota A. Sotiropoulou, Marleen M. Van Loenen. Dual targeting of cancer and stromal cells, by combining a FAP-CAR and a PRAME TCR, enhances T cell infiltration and efficient eradication of a wide range of hard-to-treat solid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2025; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2025 Apr 25-30; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2025;85(8_Suppl_1):Abstract nr 6109.

Genome-Informed Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma Prunorum,' Which Is Associated with European Stone Fruit Yellows.

'Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum' has been associated with severe disease in Prunus spp., which are commodities of economic importance in the USA. The introduction and establishment of 'Ca. P. prunorum' in the USA could result in huge economic losses, thus creating a need for validated diagnostic tools, which are the cornerstone of successful surveillance, quarantine, and eradication measures. Whole-genome comparisons led to the identification of a diagnostic marker gene specific to 'Ca. P. prunorum' (PE639). The PE639 assay was duplexed with an 18S rDNA plant internal control and compared to modified 23S (phytoplasmas) and imp ('Ca. P. mali') assays. The PE639 assay produced congruent results to 23S and imp assays for all metrics, demonstrating high linearity, repeatability, intermediate precision, and reproducibility. The limit of detection was comparable for all assays tested, and all demonstrated 100% analytical specificity, selectivity, and diagnostic specificity for their respective target species. Assays metrics were consistent across two platforms, the ABI QuantStudio™ 5 and Bio-Rad CFX96™ OPUS. A synthetic gBlocks™ control was designed and validated to work with all assays, as well as conventional PCR assays targeting 16S rDNA and tuf genes. These validated assays and synthetic control represent beneficial tools that support efforts to protect USA agriculture and facilitate safe trade.

Successful termination of a multi-year wastewater-associated outbreak of NDM-5-carrying E. coli in a hemato-oncological center

BackgroundIn May 2018, an outbreak of NDM-5-carrying Escherichia coli (NDM-5-EC) was detected at the hemato-oncology department of a tertiary care center in Austria. This report details the outbreak investigation, control measures and the whole genome sequencing (WGS) data of the outbreak isolates.MethodsA total of 15 isolates (seven clinical isolates from allogenic stem cell transplant (SCT) recipients and eight wastewater isolates recovered from patients’ toilets) were analyzed by whole genome sequencing.ResultsGenome based typing identified two clusters of the high risk clones ST167/CT12607 and ST617/CT2791. Long-read sequencing of selected isolates from both clusters identified two different plasmids, however with a highly similar genetic context of the blaNDM-5 containing region. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of additional resistance genes, including blaCTX-M-15, and blaOXA-1, and virulence factors. Four patients were colonized with NDM-5-EC, two patients suffered bacteremia caused by the outbreak strain and two deaths were associated with an NDM-5-EC infection. The outbreak source was traced to toilet sewage pipes, which remained persistently contaminated despite extensive cleaning and disinfection. Successful eradication of NDM-5-EC from the installations required disassembly, hot water pressure washing of the sewage pipes and complete replacement of all movable parts. Additionally, colonized patients were instructed to use wheeled commodes instead of toilets, and a pre-admission screening strategy was implemented for all patients undergoing hematologic stem cell transplantation. The outbreak was successfully terminated in November 2020.ConclusionNDM-5-EC, especially high-risk clones such as ST167 and ST617, can persist in hospital wastewater systems despite cleaning and disinfection efforts and can cause prolonged outbreaks. Therefore, a comprehensive bundle of interventions like the ones applied in our study is essential, especially in clinical settings with heavily immunosuppressed patients.

Amoxicillin high-dose dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori primary eradication: Proton pump inhibitor and potassium-competitive acid blocker, which's better?

Effective acid suppression significantly enhances the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). To assess the efficacy and safety of high-dose dual therapy (HDDT) utilizing various highly potent antisecretory medications, thereby providing additional clinical guidance for H. pylori eradication. The study population comprised untreated H. pylori patients from three medical centers in central China. From February 10, 2024 to March 31, 2024, 439 subjects were randomly allocated to either the esomeprazole-amoxicillin (EA) or esomeprazole-amoxicillin-clarithromycin-bismuth (B-quadruple) group. Subsequently, from April 1, 2024 to May 10, 2024, 367 subjects were randomly assigned to either the vonoprazan-amoxicillin (VA) or vonoprazan-amoxicillin-clarithromycin (VAC) group. The study recorded treatment efficacy, adverse events, compliance, symptom alleviation, and associated costs. EA-dual demonstrated non-inferiority to B-quadruple regimen in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses (P < 0.025). However, the eradication rate of EA was lower than that of the B-quadruple group [70.59% vs 83.49%, 92.86% vs 98.38%, 93.94% vs 98.38%, intention-to-treat (ITT), mITT, PP respectively, P < 0.05]. In ITT, mITT, and PP analyses, VA-dual was non-inferior to VAC treatment (84.15% vs 83.15%, 96.25% vs 92.73%, 96.75% vs 93.75%, P < 0.025). No significant differences were observed in adverse events, compliance, and symptom relief between groups. VA exhibited the lowest cost. Antibiotic use within 2 years, poor compliance, and suburban residence were associated with reduced eradication efficacy (P < 0.05). The HDDT based on vonoprazan demonstrated non-inferiority to the VAC triple regimen, suggesting its potential as a recommended first-line treatment for H. pylori eradication. While B-quadruple therapy showed better eradication rate than EA therapy, the latter proved non-inferior in mITT and PP analyses. Notably, antibiotic use within the preceding two years, adherence to treatment protocols, and patient residence emerged as critical factors influencing eradication success.

Accelerating Sustainable Development Through Extreme Poverty Eradication: Effort of Kerala

The study explores the significant strides made by the Indian state of Kerala in accelerating progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the successful eradication of extreme poverty. By examining Kerala's unique socio-economic initiatives, inclusive policies, and community-driven development projects, we highlight the state's effective strategies in addressing poverty and fostering sustainable development. Insights from Kerala's experience offer valuable lessons for global efforts aimed at achieving the SDGs and provide a nuanced understanding of the intersection between poverty eradication and sustainable development. This exploration underscores Kerala's emphasis on equitable access to education and healthcare, key components in breaking the cycle of poverty. [1]* Assistant Professor, PG Department of Economics, Ambedkar College of Arts and Science, Wandoor **Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, St Mary's College, Sulthanbathery

Optimizing control of a freshwater invader in time and space.

The global spread of invasive species in aquatic ecosystems has prompted population control efforts to mitigate negative impacts on native species and ecosystem functions. Removal programs that optimally allocate removal effort across space and time offer promise for improving invader suppression or eradication, especially given the limited resources available to these programs. However, science-based guidance to inform such programs remains limited. This study leverages two intensive fish removal programs for nonnative green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) in intermittent streams of the Bill Williams River basin in Arizona, USA, to explore alternative management strategies involving variable allocation of removal effort in time and space and compare static versus dynamic decision rules. We used Bayesian hierarchical modeling to estimate demographic parameters using existing removal data, with evidence that both removal programs led to at least a 0.39 probability of eradication. Simulated alternative management strategies revealed that population suppression, but not eradication, could be achieved with reduced effort and that dynamic management practices that respond to species abundance in real time can improve the efficiency of removal efforts. High removal frequency and program duration, including continued monitoring after zero fish were captured, contributed to successful population control. With management efforts struggling to keep pace with the rising spread and impacts of invasive species, this research demonstrates the utility of quantitative removal models to help improve invasive removal programs and robustly evaluate the success of population suppression and eradication.

Single-dose oral administration of drug-loaded magnetic 3D-printed microbullets for eradication of Helicobacter pylori.

Infections of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) affect 42.1 % of the Chinese population and 43.1 % of the world population. H. pylori inhabits the mucous sublayer at the pylorus, leading to gastric ulcers, gastritis, and even cancer. Oral antibiotics are usually used to treat H. pylori infections, whereas traditional quadruple therapy has side effects including headaches, nausea, diarrhea, intestinal dysbacteriosis, antibiotic resistance, and repeat infections. Here, a drug-loaded magnetic microbullet was designed to realize long-term retention in the stomach for one-shot treatment for H. pylori infections. It comprises a hollow cylinder wherein eight microneedles homogenously distribute at the top and several round pores located at the bottom. It was three-dimensional (3D)-printed by stereolithography. A clarithromycin (CAM) ground mixture (CGM) was prepared to improve solubility. Enough CGM powders were filled into the cylinder, covered by a small round magnet, and sealed to form a CAM-loaded magnetic microbullet (CMMB). CAM continually released from CMMBs for >24 h. With outside magnetic guidance, an oral CMMB targeted the pylorus site and the microneedles immediately headed into the mucosa followed by long-term local drug release. The in vitro and in vivo safety of CMMBs was confirmed, where their swelling rates were low, and the oral CMMB was finally completely evacuated. An oral CMMB was administered to H. pylori-infected mice and maintained in the stomach for 36 h with magnetic guidance, and the successful eradication of H. pylori was confirmed after single-dose administration. Oral CMMBs are a convenient medication for the eradication of H. pylori.

Diagnostic Challenges and Complex Surgical Management of an Atypical Mycoplasma Infection From a Cat Scratch: A Case Report.

A 58-year-old veterinarian presented with a dorsal-radial hand and wrist infection after a catch scratch. Despite multiple courses of broad-spectrum antibiotics, her symptoms progressed culminating in rupture of the first dorsal compartment tendons. An unspecified Mycoplasma species was identified through broad-range bacterial PCR testing. The patient was then started on oral doxycycline which, combined with serial debridement and eventual tenolysis, resulted in successful eradication of her infection and functional improvement. Our case highlights the power of clinical utility of broad-range bacterial PCR in detecting atypical infections; this modality should be considered in infections caused by cat scratches with otherwise negative cultures.

Effect of helicobacter pylori eradication on hepatitis C virus associated thrombocytopenia

Background The infection with the hepatitis C virus is a common cause of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, causing many hepatic and extra hepatic complications such as thrombocytopenia. Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative organism, which is complicated by gastric and extra gastric diseases as chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Aim Showing the effect of eradication of H. pylori on platelet count in cases of hepatitis C associated thrombocytopenia. Patients and methods This study was consisted of 150 patients subdivided into two groups. Group 1, including 100 patients with chronic hepatitis C and thrombocytopenia with positive H. pylori infection. Group 2, including 50 control patients with hepatitis C, thrombocytopenia, and negative H. pylori. All were subjected to complete history taking, clinical examination, and laboratory tests. Group 1 was divided after triple therapy into group 1a (responders) and 1b (nonresponders). Results Platelet count in group 1 just after and after 6 months of triple therapy for H. pylori was significantly higher than in group 2. Platelets in group 1 before triple therapy were significantly lower than platelets in group 1 just after and after 6 months of triple therapy. Platelets in group 1 after 6 months of triple therapy were significantly higher than platelets in group 1 just after triple therapy. Platelet count in group 1a was significantly higher than group 1b. Conclusion Successful eradication of H. pylori can help in treating thrombocytopenia in chronic liver disease patients.

Efficacy and safety of Qingwei Zhitong pellets-containing quadruple therapy for eradication: a prospective, single-center, randomized trial.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 14-day Qingwei Zhitong pellets (, QZ)-containing quadruple therapy (QZQT) compared to bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (BQT) in treatment-naive patients with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. This single-center, randomized controlled clinical trial enrolled 333 patients, who were divided into either the QZQT group (QZ pellets, 3.2 g, three times daily; rabeprazole, 10 mg, twice daily; amoxicillin 1000 mg, twice daily; clarithromycin, 500 mg, twice daily) or the BQT group (bismuth potassium citrate, 1000 mg, three times daily; rabeprazole, 10 mg, twice daily; amoxicillin, 1000 mg, twice daily; clarithromycin, 500 mg, twice daily) for 14 d. The 13C-urea breath test assessed eradication success at least four weeks after treatment. The primary outcome focused on the eradication rate, with secondary outcomes including safety and patient compliance. From August 2022 to June 2023, 342 subjects were screened, and 333 were randomized. The QZQT and BQT groups showed eradication rates of 68.9% and 67.8% (P = 0.838) by intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, respectively, and 71.1% and 68.3% (P = 0.612) by per-protocol (PP) analysis, respectively. QZQT was non-inferior to BQT in both ITT and PP analyses. QZQT was associated with fewer side effects (57.8% of patients) than BQT (90.4%) (P < 0.001). The 14 d QZQT treatment demonstrates equal efficacy in eradicating H. pylori infection and improved patient compliance and safety compared to BQT. These results provide evidence supporting 14-day QZQT as an acceptable treatment for H. pyloriinfection.

The role of helicobacter pylori infection in the pathogenesis of extragastric diseases. Literature review

The paper examines data on the influence of Helicobacter pylori infection on extragastric diseases as well as on diseases of the digestive tract (gastroesophageal reflux disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome), metabolically associated (diabetes mellitus, metabolic dysfunction‑associated steatotic liver disease, etc.) and autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases (ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart rhythm disorders) and nervous diseases, which may have both positive and negative consequences. Thus, in relation to diseases of the esophagus (reflux esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett’s esophagus) and ulcerative colitis, H. pylori is considered a protective factor, although the eradication of this infection does not affect the development of adenocarcinoma and Barrett’s esophagus. Meanwhile, in ulcerative colitis, the eradication of H. pylori increases the risk of developing this inflammatory bowel disease. It is also emphasized that helicobacter infection is a significant factor that potentiates the development of colorectal cancer, which is confirmed by the decrease in the incidence of this oncological pathology after the successful eradication of the infection. The possible role of H. pylori in early liver damage in metabolic dysfunction‑associated steatotic liver disease is especially noted. These findings suggest the need to add H. pylori eradication to the management strategy of such patients to prevent the progression of liver damage. It should be noted that the situation is similar in patients with type 2 diabetes, which will also require additional research and addition of treatment standards. Attention is drawn to the greater pathogenic properties of CagA and VacA‑positive strains of H. pylori, especially in cardiovascular pathology (coronary atherosclerosis, etc.), which also raises the issue of solving the need for eradication of H. pylori in terms of impact on cardiovascular risk, the development of atherosclerosis and its complications That is, further research in this direction is relevant and promising, as reliable results obtained on large cohorts of patients can better clarify the mechanisms of the connection between H. pylori infection and extragastric diseases, which will give impetus to the development of new therapeutic and preventive strategies.

Association Between Kita-kyushu Lung Cancer Antigen-1 Expression in Gastric Cancer and Helicobacter pylori-infection Status.

Kita-kyushu lung cancer antigen-1 (KK-LC-1), a cancer/testis antigen (CTA), is frequently expressed in tumor and non-tumor sites of the stomach in patients with gastric cancer (GC). Additionally, KK-LC-1 has been associated with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. Currently, the association between Hp eradication and GC incidence is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between KK-LC-1 expression and Hp eradication in GC. This study included 124 patients treated for gastric cancer. Pathological tissue from resected specimens was used to investigate KK-LC-1 expression in tumor and non-tumor sites. The association between 14 clinicopathological factors, including Hp infection and eradication, and KK-LC-1 expression was investigated and analyzed by Fisher's exact test and multivariable regression analysis. KK-LC-1 expression rate in cancerous tissues from patients with GC was 74.2%. The expression of KK-LC-1 was associated with older age, mucosal layer depth of invasion, differentiated type, no lymph node metastasis, Hp eradication, previous Hp infection, and multiple cancers. KK-LC-1 expression was high in GC cases with previous Hp infection and successful eradication. KK-LC-1 expression pattern suggests that it may be associated with GC independently of Hp infection.

The Impact of HCV eradication on HBAIC in Genotype 3 Chronic HCV Diabetic Patients Authors

Objective: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a global health concern. WHO estimated that it affects a 170 million people worldwide. In Pakistan, 6.8% of adult population exhibits presence of active disease. With the rise of DAAs especially Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir the ETR and SVR is remarkable. Patients who secure seroconversion following DAA treatment experience a drop in their HOMA-IR levels, in contrast to those who don't. It means that there are metabolic benefits of HCV eradication. Based on this hypothesis we evaluated the benefit on HBAIC in patients achieving ETR. Methods: The study sample comprised of 100 type 2 diabetics who attended Gastroenterology clinic at GTTH, a tertiary care hospital in Lahore for treatment of HCV infection. All the confirmed type 2 diabetes cases on any therapy were included in the study sample. Data was analyzed using SPSS Statistics version 24. Results: Out of study sample of 100 patients, 100% achieved an end of treatment response (ETR). In our study, mean difference in fasting blood sugar (FBS) from baseline to ETR was found to be a decrease of 48.70 ± 22.20mg/dL (p Value&lt;0.05). Similarly, the mean difference RBS over the same duration showed a reduction of 98.00 ± 39.70 mg/dL (p value &lt;0.05) Quite interestingly, HbA1c levels also showed a decline of mean difference of 1.10 ± 0.82% from baseline to the 3 months mark (p value&lt;0.05) Conclusion: Successful eradication of HCV does lead to improvement in Diabetes control in type 2DM.

Microbiologic features of prosthetic joint infections at a tertiary referral orthopaedic unit.

Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are a potential devasting consequence of arthroplasty surgery. Knowledge of the causative organism and antimicrobial sensitivity increases eradication success rates for PJI. This study aimed to: 1) Observe the PJI microbiome at a tertiary referral arthroplasty unit; 2) Make comparison to similar published observations; and; 3) Establish empiric local antibiotic PJI guidelines. All patients with positive tissue cultures for PJIs over a 4year period were included. An electronic microbiology laboratory database search was performed to identify isolated microorganisms, sensitivities and resistances. Time from index procedure to PJI onset was recorded. The identified PJI microbiome was compared to current literature. 86 patients involving 88 joints were included. 56% (n = 49) related to hip, 42% (n = 37) to knee and 2% (2) to shoulder arthroplasty procedures. Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) were isolated in 32% of cases, Staphylococcus aureus (SA) in 23%, Enterococcus species and Streptococcus species in 9.0%. 19% of case occurred within 3months of index surgery, 17% from 3-12months and 64% after 12months. The microbiome identified varied comparable studies. This study describes a local PJI microbiome with contrasting results from comparable studies. Empiric antibiotic guidelines have been established to target treatment and a local PJI register has since been established to improve patient outcomes and antimicrobial stewardship in an era of antibiotic resistance.