Successful Restoration Research Articles (Page 5)

Background: Minimally invasive cavity preparation (MIC) is an evolving restorative technique aimed at preserving sound tooth structure while ensuring effective caries removal. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of minimally invasive cavity preparation in terms of patient comfort, restoration success, and post-operative sensitivity by comparing it to the conventional cavity preparation method. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted involving 80 patients, randomly divided into two groups: MIC (n=40) and conventional (n=40), by a random sampling technique. The study took place at the Department of Operative Dentistry at BMDC and LUMHS, Karachi, from January to May 2023 (EC/Ref/812-23-2023). Sample size was determined with the help of OpenEpi 3.0.0 using a power of 80% and an alpha of 0.05. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. A chi-square test and an independent t-test were performed for the variables measured. A p-value was considered significant when less than 0.05. Results: Patients in the MIC group showed significantly reduced cavity size (mean depth: 1.8 mm vs. 2.5 mm, p<0.001), lower discomfort scores (mean 3.2 vs. 6.5, p<0.001), and fewer reports of post-operative sensitivity (4 (10%) vs. 12 (30%), p=0.02) compared to the conventional group. Restoration success was higher in the MIC group (38 (95%)) than in the conventional group (33 (82.5%)), although this was not statistically significant (p=0.07). Conclusion: MIC proved to be better for patients in terms of comfort and keeping tooth structures intact than conventional treatments. Although both techniques had the same rate of successful restorations, the MIC approach is more favorable.

Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) is a non‐native tree invading riparian areas across the western United States. It is frequently the target of restoration through removal, but restoration success has been variable, and reinvasion and secondary invasion can occur in restored areas. Revegetation following removal is often considered necessary to reduce secondary invasion because of the substantial soil disturbance involved with tree removal. We experimentally assessed the long‐term impact of Russian olive removal and subsequent revegetation with different plant functional groups on ecological function in an invaded riparian ecosystem. We found that revegetation treatments reduced perennial grass invasion but did not contribute to ecological function in other capacities. As such, revegetation is necessary if the primary post‐removal goal is preventing non‐native perennial grass reinvasion. However, it will not increase native riparian woody species abundance, reduce secondary annual grass invasion, limit reinvasion by Russian olive, or increase floral resources.

This study examined the relationship between microhardness, morphology, and phase composition of dental yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP), which directly impact their long-term clinical performance and durability. The primary objective was to investigate the effects of yttria content and polishing on the surface properties and hardness of these materials. Samples from ZirCAD Prime, Cercon ht ML, ZIRCONIA YML, and ZirCAD LT were analyzed using Vickers hardness testing, Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). SEM analysis revealed a gradual increase in grain size and porosity with higher yttria content in unpolished samples. Polishing resulted in a relatively uniform surface morphology with observable striations across all samples, subsequently leading to similar Vickers hardness values for all polished samples. PXRD and SEM analyses identified that these similar hardness values were likely due to the predominant monoclinic phase on the surface, induced by polishing. These findings underscore the significant influence of yttria content and polishing on Y-TZP microstructure and surface hardness, highlighting their critical role in the long-term success and clinical applicability of dental restorations.

Abstract Efforts to combat land degradation globally have led to the widespread promotion of sustainable land management practices (SLMPs) aimed at reducing surface runoff and erosion. Despite their extensive implementation, long-term evaluations of these practices are limited, especially in data-scarce regions. In our study, we assess the long-term impact of large-scale SLMPs in Ethiopia using remotely sensed data from the past 24 years on 122 watersheds. Using a synthetic control method that does not require an explicit control group, we find statistically significant positive effects of SLMPs in both wet and dry seasons. These benefits persist at least eight years beyond the intervention period. Our findings highlight the need for multi-season impact assessments. Focusing only on the wet season may overlook key outcomes in dryland regions, underestimating the effectiveness of large-scale, multi-year projects. We further find that effects were most positive in drought-prone agricultural highlands, and that some administrative zones appear more effective than others at implementation. Efficient and affordable monitoring of sustainable agricultural water and land management and watershed conservation is crucial for understanding which interventions are effective and can provide opportunities for alternative financing mechanisms.

Abstract IntroductionMatching restoration strategies to environmental conditions is essential for successful forest landscape restoration in Ethiopia, but remains challenging due to limited guidance.ObjectivesWe evaluated the performance of restoration strategies based on forest stand structure and biomass across varying soil, elevation, and climate conditions. We hypothesized that (1) fertile sites with favorable climates enhance restoration success, and (2) tending operations improve performance in fertile areas.MethodsUsing soil samples (0–10 cm) from 279 points in southern and central Ethiopia, and WorldClim climate data, we derived four environmental clusters through cluster analysis. We assessed forest structure attributes in plantations, woodlots (WL), boundary plantings (BP), and exclosures (EX) within these clusters.ResultsActive restoration strategies achieved top heights comparable to natural forests, which had the highest aboveground biomass (AGB). BP (57.75 m2/ha) and WL (25.55 m2/ha) had higher basal areas than EX with the lowest top height (approximately 6 m) and biomass. Actively restored sites had better soil conditions than the passive. Clusters differed by elevation, soil fertility (fert‐mid‐high; orga‐fert), and texture (clay‐precip; sandy‐low). Forest structure attributes were consistently higher in active than passive restoration strategies across clusters. Fertility‐linked clusters had higher structural attributes across restoration strategies. Plantations in clayey, high‐precipitation areas had the highest top height, AGB, and carbon storage. Clusters showed moderate correlation with mapped soil groups.ConclusionsResults show that soil fertility and precipitation strongly influence restoration success. Additionally, soil groups offer limited guidance for site suitability. Finally, BP offer an opportunity to meet household wood needs.

Tropical dry forests (TDFs) are among the most endangered ecosystems globally, despite their critical socio‐ecological importance. In recent decades, tree planting initiatives have been widely implemented to restore these forests, yielding mixed results. To enhance restoration effectiveness, it is imperative to adopt a predictive approach, focusing on the drivers of seedling performance and how these drivers interact. This study explores how functional traits of planted tree species interact with site environmental conditions to influence seedling survival and growth rates across nine restoration sites of varying ages and climatic conditions within the Peruvian Tumbes‐Piura TDFs. While the widely accepted resource‐use theory predicts that acquisitive species—focusing on the fast retrieval of resources and characterized by higher specific leaf area and lower wood density—achieve high growth rates in resource‐rich environments but experience declines in growth rates under resource‐limited conditions, we found that acquisitive species maintained their high growth rates along the environmental gradients. In contrast, conservative species, expected to be less sensitive to resource variability, exhibited marked declines in growth when water or nutrient availability decreased. Additionally, nitrogen‐fixing species did not outperform non‐fixers in growth or survival, indicating that nitrogen fixation alone does not confer a consistent advantage in early restoration. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of trait–environment interactions in tree planting performance and underscore the need to align species selection and management strategies with site conditions and broader restoration goals to enhance the success of TDF restoration.

Background/Objectives: the precise application of torque during prosthetic screw tightening is essential to the long-term success and mechanical stability of implant-supported restorations. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of practitioner experience, glove material, screwdriver length, and hand moisture on the maximum torque value (MTV) generated during manual tightening. Methods: thirty participants, comprising 10 experienced professors and 20 senior dental students, performed tightening tasks under six hand conditions (nitrile gloves, latex gloves, and bare hands, each in dry and wet environments) using two screwdriver lengths (21 mm and 27 mm). The torque values were measured using a calibrated digital torque meter, and the results were analyzed using a linear mixed model. Results: professors applied significantly higher torque than students (16.92 Ncm vs. 15.03 Ncm; p = 0.008). Nitrile gloves yielded the highest torque (17.11 Ncm), surpassing bare hands significantly (p = 0.003). No statistically significant differences were found for screwdriver length (p = 0.12) or hand moisture (p = 0.11). Conclusions: these findings underscore the importance of clinical proficiency and glove material in torque delivery, providing evidence-based insights to enhance procedural reliability and training standards in implant prosthodontics.

This study compared the irradiance and depth of cure (DOC) of two resin-based composites (RBCs) polymerized using a novel laser diode (LD) light-curing unit (LCU) vs single-spectrum (SS) and multispectrum (MS) light-emitting diode (LED) LCUs across clinically relevant distances. Irradiance was measured for each LCU using a spectrometer over six tested distances (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm). For DOC assessment, two RBC materials were polymerized in standardized cylindrical metal molds (4 mm diameter × 6 mm height). Five RBC specimens were fabricated per group based on four LCU and curing time combinations (LD: 1 and 3 seconds; SS: 10 seconds; and MS: 10 seconds) and six distances (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm) resulting in 120 specimens per RBC type and 240 total specimens. Depth of cure was determined using the scraping technique. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with Tukey's post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). From 0 to 10 mm, the LD LCU exhibited a 6.6% increase in irradiance, while the SS and MS LED LCUs showed substantial decreases of 63.7% and 49.4%, respectively. Significant differences in DOC were observed among LCUs, influenced by curing distance and RBC type (p < 0.05). Specifically, the LD LCU with a 3-second exposure yielded the highest DOC for both RBCs across all distances. In contrast, the LD with a 1-second exposure generally resulted in the lowest DOC. Compared with SS and MS operating at 10 seconds, the LD LCU maintained irradiance more effectively and achieved the highest DOC at distances up to 10 mm using only 3-second exposures with both RBCs. This study aimed to evaluate the irradiance and DOC of a novel LD LCU compared with traditional LED units, especially over varying distances relevant to clinical practice. The clinical translational value lies in the potential for the LD unit to offer more effective and consistent polymerization of RBCs in challenging intraoral situations where maintaining close proximity to the restoration is difficult. This could lead to more durable and successful dental restorations by ensuring adequate material curing even at increased working distances. How to cite this article: Sanabria O, Gedge JL, Mitchell TM, et al. Evaluation of Irradiance and Composite Depth of Cure with a Laser Curing Light over Distance: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(5):462-467.

Background: Effective isolation during restorative dental procedures plays a vital role in the longevity of dental restorations. The rubber dam is widely accepted as the most reliable method for achieving a dry and contaminant-free operative field, enhancing the success of restorations by preventing saliva, blood, and moisture contamination. Despite its proven clinical benefits, the routine use of rubber dam varies, potentially influenced by practitioner-related factors such as gender, clinical training, and perceptions of efficacy. Objective: To determine the association between the gender of dental practitioners and the frequency of rubber dam usage, and to assess its perceived impact on the longevity of dental restorations. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Dentistry, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore, from May 2024 to May 2025. A total of 150 dental practitioners were recruited using non-probability convenient sampling. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review board (Ref No. SMDC/SMRC/201-21), and informed consent was secured. Data were collected using a validated structured questionnaire that captured demographics, frequency of rubber dam use, and perception of its effect on restoration longevity. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23. Chi-square test was applied to assess associations, and a p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among the participants, 44 (29.3%) were males and 106 (70.7%) were females, with a mean age of 23.29 ± 1.245 years. Frequent rubber dam usage was reported by 63.6% of males and 59.0% of females. The association between gender and frequency of use was statistically non-significant (p = 0.817). Additionally, 88.6% of male and 83.6% of female dentists believed that rubber dam contributes to restoration longevity, with this perception also showing a non-significant gender-based association (p = 0.385). Conclusion: Both male and female dentists demonstrated commendable use of rubber dam and acknowledged its positive role in enhancing restoration longevity, regardless of gender differences.

Effective axon regeneration is essential for the successful restoration of nerve functions in patients suffering from axon injury-associated neurological diseases. Certain self-regeneration occurs in injured peripheral axonal branches of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons but does not occur in their central axonal branches. By performing rat sciatic nerve or dorsal root axotomy, we determined the expression of the dysbindin domain containing 2 (DBNDD2) in the DRGs after the regenerative peripheral axon injury or the non-regenerative central axon injury, respectively, and found that DBNDD2 is down-regulated in the DRGs after peripheral axon injury but up-regulated after central axon injury. Furthermore, we found that DBNDD2 expression differs in neonatal and adult rat DRGs and is gradually increased during development. Functional analysis through DBNDD2 knockdown revealed that silencing DBNDD2 promotes the outgrowth of neurites in both neonatal and adult rat DRG neurons and stimulates robust axon regeneration in adult rats after sciatic nerve crush injury. Bioinformatic analysis data showed that transcription factor estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) interacts with DBNDD2, exhibits a similar expression trend as DBNDD2 after axon injury, and may targets DBDNN2. These studies indicate that reduced level of DBNDD2 after peripheral axon injury and low abundance of DBNDD2 in neonates contribute to axon regeneration and thus suggest the manipulation of DBNDD2 expression as a promising therapeutic approach for improving recovery after axon damage.

Abstract Worldwide wetland loss has made the conservation of these ecosystems a policy priority and led to the multiplication of restoration programmes. However, the lack of long‐term monitoring limits our understanding of the processes influencing the vegetation composition of restored wetlands and our ability to predict outcomes over multiple decades. Here, we assessed the extent to which hydrological regime and planting density of target species, two critical factors driving wetland vegetation and restoration success, can predict restoration outcomes. Using correlation analyses and generalised models, we assessed the role of target species planting density and analogous hydrological conditions (e.g. level, variation, seasonality) to reference wetlands for achieving and predicting restored vegetation similarity to reference plant communities in 12 sedge and/or willow‐dominated wetlands in Mountain Village, Colorado over 25 years post‐restoration. We found a significant positive correlation between hydrological similarity and vegetation similarity, peaking at 15 years post‐restoration (rho = 0.61). Similarly, planting density was positively correlated with vegetation similarity, peaking 5 years after restoration (rho = 0.75). For both variables, communities with the shallowest water table exhibited the strongest correlations. The similarity of restored vegetation to the reference community can be predicted using hydrological similarity and planting density. The models that combined these two variables outperformed single‐variable models. However, the model accuracy decreased 25 years after restoration, making predictions over two decades inaccurate for most communities. Synthesis and applications. Hydrological similarity to a reference, combined with appropriate planting densities, reliably predicts restored wetland vegetation convergence towards reference communities over two decades. Such models could provide managers with tools to assess failure risks across potential restoration sites, allowing them to select the most suitable locations and tailor planting efforts to maximise wetland restoration success.

Ecosystem restoration has gained prominence as a response to global environmental challenges, with growing emphasis on integrating ecological and social dimensions. Although there is growing recognition of the importance of social inclusion and community participation in the success of ecosystem restoration, empirical research that simultaneously evaluates both social and ecological outcomes—and examines their relationship with community participation—remains limited. In this study, we conducted a systematic literature review to investigate: (1) the correlation between social and ecological outcomes in ecosystem restoration; (2) the relationship between the type of leading agent and the level of community participation in restoration projects; and (3) the influence of participation levels on the ecological and social outcomes of the projects. We also assessed the quality and robustness of the evidence supporting these relationships. We identified a moderate positive correlation between ecological and social results, with significant associations between species diversity and knowledge exchange, soil conditions with benefit distribution and community well‐being, and environmental stability with community well‐being. High levels of community involvement, land tenure security, and economic incentives were key factors for restoration success. In contrast, lack of continuous funding and land tenure insecurity were identified as major obstacles. Projects led by Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities and universities showed higher levels of community participation whereas government‐led projects and multi‐led projects were significantly associated with lower levels of community participation. While a positive association was observed between the level of participation and social outcomes, ecological results did not vary accordingly. The lack of correlation between ecological outcomes and community participation may be influenced by the indirect or delayed nature of participatory effects, the use of indicators that fail to capture such dynamics, or the overriding influence of other limiting factors—such as insufficient long‐term funding and insecure land tenure—on ecological outcomes. Regarding the weight of evidence, although the available indicators provide valuable insights into ecological and social outcomes, their limited robustness—particularly in capturing causal relationships between restoration outcomes and well‐being—remains a major challenge for strengthening outcome assessments. Bridging this gap will be essential for improving decision‐making processes in ecosystem restoration.

Abstract IntroductionBending the biodiversity curve and meeting international commitments like the Kunming‐Montreal Agreement and the EU Nature Restoration Law require scaling up ecological restoration across spatial, temporal, and societal dimensions. Achieving this depends on a strong scientific evidence base and synthesis of effective practices from both ecological and social perspectives.ObjectivesThe Grassworks project investigates factors influencing grassland restoration success in Germany by integrating ecological, socioeconomic, and social‐ecological perspectives.MethodsWe assessed previously restored grasslands across three regions along a north–south gradient in Germany, comparing them to reference sites. A stratified design evaluated restoration outcomes based on methods, past land use, management, governance, finance, and time since intervention. We analyzed vegetation, pollinators, soil, and economic performance while considering landscape configuration. Social‐ecological aspects, including stakeholder values, knowledge exchange, and decision‐making networks, were also examined. A Real‐World Laboratory approach integrated ex ante and ex post evaluations, demonstration sites, and co‐created restoration activities.ResultsWe propose a replicable, adaptable framework for social‐ecological restoration, synthesizing key ecological, economic, and social dimensions to support continuous learning and adaptive management, facilitating more effective and scalable restoration practices.ConclusionsDrawing from the Grassworks project, this research provides insights to inform and guide future large‐scale restoration efforts, promoting a holistic and evidence‐based approach to social‐ecological restoration worldwide.

This case describes the diagnosis and treatment of a bilateral caudoventral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) luxation in a 7-year-old intact male Persian cat following a fall from the fourth floor of a building. The patient sustained traumatic brain injury and dental fractures. Diagnostic imaging, including intraoral radiographs and computed tomography, confirmed a bilateral caudoventral TMJ luxation. Surgical intervention was delayed for 10 days due to the patient's neurological status, limiting the chances for a successful joint reduction. A modified surgical approach facilitated precise localization of the condylar process and minimized morbidity. Postoperative outcome was favorable, with the patient resuming voluntary eating within 5 days. Timely and accurate treatment is essential for the successful restoration of joint function in feline patients suffering from traumatic dislocation of the TMJ. This is particularly critical in brachycephalic breeds, which may have a predisposition to such injuries.

Laryngeal cancer occupies the leading place among malignant tumors of the ENT organs. The main approach to the treatment of advanced forms of this disease remains laryngectomy, leading to the loss of vocal function and reduced quality of life of patients.The article presents the possibilities of modern methods of reconstructive surgery aimed at restoration of the lost functions after laryngectomy. A clinical case of successful restoration of swallowing and speech functions in a patient who after organ preservation treatment and recurrence underwent laryngectomy with subsequent reconstruction of the pharynx with a free jejunal flap is described. Thus, pharyngeal reconstruction with free jejunal flap is an effective method of social rehabilitation of patients after laryngectomy, especially when organ preserving approaches are ineffective.

The global seagrass decline has prompted numerous restoration efforts to reverse current trends. Yet, restoration efforts are challenged by ecological feedbacks and prevalent stressors. Identifying these stressors and the thresholds where seagrass shoot production becomes negative is vital to improve site-selection procedures and increase restoration success. In this study, we investigated the ecological compensation irradiance (ECI) and depth limit of eelgrass (Zostera marina L) transplants along a eutrophication gradient. This was accomplished by establishing eelgrass transplants along eutrophication and depth gradients while continuously measuring benthic Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR). High-temporal monitoring of shoot count allowed precise estimates of shoot production, which was applied to modified photosynthesis-irradiance curves, thereby estimating the ECI. The ECI fell within the interval 2.6 – 9.8 E m-2 d-1 and responded distinctly along the eutrophication gradient, decreasing as eutrophication and nutrient-derived stressors were alleviated. The depth limits were concurrently controlled by irradiance and ECI and similarly responded along the eutrophication gradient, increasing from 1.1 m at the innermost station to 4.7 – 5.6 m at the two outermost least eutrophic stations. The results demonstrate that the ECI of eelgrass varies according to the local environment, with implications for habitat suitability assessment and site selection procedures in restoration efforts.

Abstract Understanding restoration trajectories and their sensitivity to climate is critical for designing effective adaptation strategies for restoration projects. Tidal marsh restoration often involves initial bare earth conditions that may be stressful to colonizing plants, especially on high elevation marsh platforms built to be resilient to sea‐level rise. Under these circumstances, stressors such as soil salinity may increase over time, but can be mitigated by strong rainfall. At Hester Marsh, a large tidal marsh restoration site in Elkhorn Slough, California, we evaluated passive restoration success, tracking colonization by plants whose seeds arrived naturally on tides, and active restoration success, monitoring greenhouse‐grown transplants. Our investigation revealed nonlinear restoration trajectories with high climate sensitivity, at the scale of the entire landscape and of individual plants. We found strong effects of drought on marsh restoration success indicators. Plant colonization rate decreased dramatically over time in the first area to be completed, which experienced more drought conditions following construction. In contrast, it declined more slowly in the second area, which experienced more rainy years following construction. Both passive and active restoration showed strong differences across these areas and across dry and rainy years. Facilitation can sometimes improve conditions for later‐arriving plants, but we found higher mortality of seedlings under existing vegetation than in bare areas. Thus, plant colonization may slow over time both due to increasing abiotic stress and through competition by early colonizers. Our findings lead to recommendations for climate adaptation strategies for tidal marsh restoration. Since we found that the first year following construction appeared to have the least stressful conditions, we recommend managers invest especially heavily in supporting plant colonization during this early window of opportunity. We also found plant size and species affected drought tolerance and recommend larger plant sizes and hardy species be incorporated into active tidal marsh restoration. Furthermore, we recommend planning for phased completion of restoration projects to generate a mosaic of areas with different trajectories and increase the probability that some areas will be completed during optimal climate conditions. We thus illustrate how an understanding of climate sensitivity of restoration trajectories can enhance restoration success.

Coral reefs are valuable ecosystems that provide diverse ecosystem services to people. For example, many reefs have exceptionally high tourism value, attracting visitors to experience their ecologically and visually rich reef habitat. However, human-induced degradation can alter ecosystem services, such as when damaged reefs lose their visual appeal. Coral restoration has become a common response to reef degradation, but restoration success is usually evaluated based on coral cover increases rather than ecosystem service recovery. Here, we quantify the aesthetic value of restored reefs at one of the world’s largest coral restoration projects, compared to nearby healthy and degraded reefs. Using deep learning models trained on people’s visual preferences, we estimated the aesthetic value of coral reef benthic photographs with high prediction accuracy (R2 = 0.95). Restored reefs exhibited aesthetic value that was statistically equivalent to healthy reefs and significantly higher than degraded reefs. High aesthetic value was primarily driven by colour diversity and live coral cover, which were both higher in healthy and restored reefs than degraded reefs. Taken together, these results demonstrate the recovery of aesthetic value towards a healthy state after large-scale restoration, indicating that coral restoration can support vital tourism services and well-being contributions to people.

ABSTRACTQuantifying restoration success is a key objective for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. We evaluated the potential of acoustic indices to predict the recovery success of bird communities within abandoned agricultural areas in a biodiversity hotspot in Ecuador. Using audio recordings from a lowland tropical forest region, we identified 334 bird species and calculated established acoustic indices. Community composition was analyzed using Hill numbers, accounting for incomplete sampling. Acoustic indices effectively predicted verified species data (R2 = 0.59–0.76), capturing not only taxonomic but also functional and phylogenetic composition. Taxonomic composition was best predicted for common and dominant species, while functional and phylogenetic composition was more accurately predicted for rare and common species. Our findings demonstrate that a small set of acoustic indices, once validated by stratified ground truth data, provides a powerful tool for assessing restoration success over large tropical areas, including functional composition of rare tropical birds.

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn recent decades, parents are highly concerned for improving the cosmetic effectiveness of primary teeth restorations.AimTo assess and evaluate the success of the endodontic treatment in primary mandibular molars restored with zirconia crown and bulk-filled (BF) composite resins.Materials and methodsIn this split-mouth randomized controlled trial, 25 children aged 4–8-year-old were randomized into zirconia and BF groups. The endodontic treatment success and survival of restorations were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis.ResultsSurvival rate was 88% in zirconia and 84% in BF for interradicular radiolucency, and the survival rate was 92% in zirconia and 88% in BF for periapical radiolucency. The survival rate difference between the two categories was 4% in both groups. The assumed noninferiority margin was 15%; according to that, in terms of endodontic success, the BF method was noninferior to the zirconia crown. The study failed to show the noninferiority of BF in terms of survival of restorations.ConclusionThe survival rate of endodontic treatment of BF was noninferior to zirconia, so BF can be considered as a postendodontic esthetic restoration in coronally restorable teeth.Clinical significance(1) BF composite resin can be used as a postendodontic restoration to satisfy the esthetic demand in developing countries like India. (2) Failure in BF restorations can lead to inadequacy in endodontic treatment.How to cite this articleZacharia NA, Paulindraraj S, Ramkumar H, et al. Comparison of Success of Endodontic Treatment in Primary Mandibular Molars Restored with Zirconia and Bulk-fill Composite Resins: A Split-mouth Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(7):831–837.