In Kenya, incident and undiagnosed HIV infections are concentrated among populations who are inadequately reached by existing HIV services. These difficult-to-reach populations include men, adolescents and young adults, people who engage in sex work, and people who use substances, populations which also frequently access unscheduled emergency care. Though Kenya's guidelines recommend evaluation of HIV testing and prevention services (HTS) needs during outpatient emergency encounters, emergency departments have not been well leveraged for HIV testing and prevention programming. This cluster randomized trial will evaluate the Systems Analysis and Improvement Approach (SAIA) as an implementation strategy to improve HIV screening, testing, and linkage to treatment and prevention from emergency care settings in the three counties in the Coast region of Kenya. SAIA is a multicomponent strategy for continuous care enhancement that empowers frontline healthcare personnel to improve services in their clinical settings. Ten public facilities will be cluster-randomized in a 1:1 ratio, with half exposed to the SAIA implementation strategy and the other half following usual procedures. The trial will be evaluated across Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) domains through quantitative systems-level data, qualitative insights from key stakeholders, and micro-costing data. Analyses will utilize Poisson regression and mixed-effect models to compare inter-arm HIV testing and prevention services (HTS) cascade outcomes. Framework matrix and coincidence analyses will be used to understand determinants of program success. Cost-effectiveness of the SAIA strategy will be assessed using incremental cost-effectiveness ratios and scale-up modeling. Emergency care interactions represent an underutilized opportunity to deliver evidence-based HIV testing and prevention services to difficult-to-reach populations. This trial will robustly assess the potential of the SAIA implementation strategy to improve and expand HTS from emergency care settings, and generate key data relevant to program effectiveness, feasibility and scalability in the Kenya context to inform public health programming. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06747221). Registration date: December 18, 2024.

Malaria remains a major public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, with Anopheles arabiensis an important vector in several regions. Increasing insecticide resistance and flexible vector behavior limit the effectiveness of conventional control measures. The sterile insect technique (SIT) offers a complementary approach through the release of sterile males, with program success dependent on male quality. This study assessed the effects of chilling, fluorescent dust marking, and X-ray irradiation on the quality of laboratory-reared male An. arabiensis. Adult males were assigned to six treatment groups combining chilling, irradiation, and marking in different sequences. Male quality was evaluated through recovery, escape rates, reproductive performance, and longevity under standard insectary conditions. Recovery rates one-hour post-treatment were high across all groups (93.5-96.6%) and did not differ from controls. Escape rate was temporarily reduced at two hours but largely recovered by 24h, with only chilled and marked males showing persistent impairment. Fecundity and female insemination rates were unaffected by treatment. Fertility remained high in non-irradiated groups and was reduced to < 0.2% following irradiation. Longevity was not significantly affected. These results indicate that male An. arabiensis are resilient to routine SIT handling procedures. Brief chilling followed by irradiation and marking preserves key quality traits, supporting optimized operational protocols for SIT-based malaria vector control.

A crucial component of a community’s overall development is its anti-criminality program. Its effectiveness fosters a sense of safety and security within communities. However, as many countries still face challenges with their economic and national growth, establishing peace and order remains quite challenging. Hence, this study explored the lived experiences of city police chiefs in Leyte Island, focusing on their experiences, strategies, and aspirations. Using a transcendental phenomenological design, ten city police chiefs with at least two years of experience were purposively selected and interviewed using a semi-structured interview questionnaire. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke’s framework. Findings revealed that collaboration among stakeholders and the promotion of transparency and accountability were critical to the program success. However, challenges such as limited resources and administrative indifference hindered effective implementation. In response, the informants employed innovative strategies and capacity-building initiatives to empower stakeholders. The participants also expressed aspirations for a technology-driven policing and sustained community support. The study recommends improved resource allocation, enhanced workforce distribution, strengthened accountability mechanisms, and expanded community engagement. These findings contribute to the development of context-sensitive anti-criminality programs and provide insights for policymakers and law enforcement practitioners.

The 2023 Next Generation NCLEX-PN® (NGN-PN) introduced significant changes in content and methodology, necessitating revalidation of standardized exit exams as predictors of licensure success in practical nursing programs. This multiprogram study examined the predictive validity of the HESI Exit Exam (E2) on first-time NGN-PN pass rates (FTPR) and the influence of institutional E2 policies on student outcomes. Data from 404 practical nursing students across 9 U.S. programs were analyzed alongside institutional E2 policies. Achieving E2 benchmarks of ≥850 or ≥900 strongly predicted first-time pass NGN-PN rates (98.5%-98.8%), with passing students scoring nearly 190 points higher than failing peers. While no individual E2 policy was directly linked to passing the NGN-PN on the first attempt, policies such as requiring minimum scores, multiple attempts, practice testing, and structured remediation significantly increased benchmark score attainment. These results affirm E2 benchmarks as reliable predictors of NGN-PN readiness and highlight policy approaches that indirectly support licensure success. Incorporating evidence-based testing and remediation strategies may enhance student preparedness and strengthen program outcomes in the evolving NGN assessment landscape.

National certification pass rates remain a benchmark for Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) program success. This study examined whether requiring APEA (Advanced Practice Education Associates) Predictor exams as a mandatory, graded summative assessment improves first-time certification outcomes. This retrospective cohort study analyzed results of APEA Predictor exams and AANP/ANCC pass rates for FNP graduates from 2019-2023. Phases included no APEA exam (2019-2020), pilot (2021), and mandatory APEA exam (2022-2023). Predictor scores and certification pass rates were compared before and after implementation using a two-sample t test. First-time certification pass rates increased from 69% in the no-exam phase to 87% in the mandatory phase, with test-taking rates rising from 77% to 82%. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference (p = .4). Although the findings were not statistically significant, positive trends indicate meaningful improvements in FNP certification pass rates and an increase in the number of test takers. Findings support the continued use of mandatory predictor exams to enhance student readiness.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth hold central roles in the preservation and transmission of cultural knowledge, community leadership and Australia's social and political future. Fostering youth well-being is essential in the context of historical, social and political impacts of colonisation. Social and emotional well-being (SEWB) is a holistic concept grounded in First Nations worldviews, encompassing connections to country, culture, spirituality, family, community, body and mind. Many programmes aim to support SEWB among First Nations youth; however, evidence describing programme success factors outcomes remains fragmented and is often shaped by Western-centric methodologies. This protocol outlines a culturally responsive scoping review that will map success factors and SEWB impacts of programmes delivered in Australia for First Nations youth aged 10-18 years that is designed to be undertaken collaboratively with First Nations people and non-Indigenous allies. In recognition of the diversity of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and their right to self-identify using preferred terminologies, in this protocol, we respectfully use 'First Nations peoples' to refer to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia and 'First Nations youth' to refer to those aged 10-18 years. We further acknowledge that this use of this terminology may not capture the many and varied First Nations identities within Australia. This scoping review protocol outlines a revised, culturally responsive version of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews and will be conducted using an Indigenous-informed, decolonising approach. Peer-reviewed and grey literature reporting on Australian SEWB programmes delivered to First Nations youth between 2000 and 2025 will be included. Databases to be searched include MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, ProQuest and EBSCOhost. Targeted Indigenous sources will be searched, including Informit Indigenous Collection, Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet, National Aboriginal Controlled Community Health Organisation and Lowitja Institute repositories, along with relevant organisational and government websites. Three reviewers will independently screen records and extract data. Articles requiring cultural responsivity assessment will be reviewed by First Nations researchers. Data will be analysed using inductive content analysis to identify programme success factors and reported SEWB outcomes, with interpretation guided by First Nations members of the research team. The protocol is guided by Australian Indigenous research ethics frameworks including the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS) Code of Ethics for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Research and the Lowitja Institute's guidance for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health research. Findings will be disseminated through culturally appropriate channels to communities and stakeholders. Protocol registration will be made available online via the Open Science Framework (osf.io/yq6sv).

Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) leads to atherosclerotic plaque buildup and drives cardiovascular disease. Despite the availability of effective therapies for LDL-C reduction, elevated LDL-C is common in the United States. To measure the success of a pharmacist-led telephonic outreach program designed to proactively address individuals with hyperlipidemia who were not being treated in accordance with cholesterol guidelines and collaborate with their primary care clinicians (PCCs) to increase guideline-based care. The 3-month outreach occurred from September through November 2023. Health plan members with 1 inpatient or 2 outpatient claims for hyperlipidemia within the previous year were determined using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Members not managed in accordance with the 2018 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (ACC)/Multisociety Guideline and 2022 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway, based on available claims data, received a personalized action recommendation. The outreach team contacted the member and scheduled a phone call with a pharmacist. If the member agreed to the pharmacist's clinical recommendation, the outreach team contacted the member's PCC directly (by fax or e-mail). PCCs were responsible for the final clinical decision and action. Of 14,979 members who met the inclusion criteria, 883 were selected at random for contact by the outreach team. Of these, 667 members (76%) accepted a call with a pharmacist and were considered the intervention group. An additional 5,266 members who were not contacted and did not share a PCC with someone in the intervention group were included as the control group. In the intervention group, 92.4% of members accepted the guideline-based hyperlipidemia recommendation, allowing the pharmacist to contact their PCC. The overall percentage of members moving toward guideline-recommended care in the intervention group (25.5%) was approximately twice that in the control group (11.1%). Members could undergo an LDL-C test if they had no LDL-C result available, initiated lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) if they were not already being treated for hypercholesterolemia, or intensified their existing statin regimen or added a nonstatin LLT. The difference in proportion of members remaining on no statin throughout the program was significantly lower in the intervention group (-7.9% [95% CI = -11.3% to -4.5%]) vs the control group. At the end of the pilot, 8.7% (58 of 667) of intervention group members received LLT in accordance with current guidelines vs 6.0% (316 of 5,266) in the control group. This study demonstrated that a health plan-driven, pharmacist-led, educational outreach program increased movement toward guideline-based LDL-C management in a 3-month pilot. Similar programs could increase the proportion of members receiving guideline-based care in a variety of chronic disease settings.

ABSTRACT Green rooftops (GRs) offer sustainable solutions to urban environmental challenges, yet public preferences and perceptions remain understudied. To address this gap, a choice-based survey engaging over 600 United States (US) residents from the state of Rhode Island (RI) examined the trade-offs and perceived value of GR space allocations for agriculture, renewable energy (solar), and recreational areas within intensive GR designs. Using latent class modelling to analyse these trade-offs, two distinct groups emerged. Class 1, representing 20% of respondents, notably differs from class 2 by being generally unsupportive of GR installation, and expressing disutility towards GR space allocation for solar energy. Both classes uniformly favour allocating GR space for agriculture production and have a positive willingness to pay for this feature. Interestingly, respondents in both classes trust Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) more than federal or state entities to guide GR-related policy decisions, highlighting the need for localized governance. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating agricultural production into GRs designs while addressing diverse preferences for solar allocation. Policymakers in RI should leverage the potential for GR to enhance urban resilience and meet public expectations by aligning their strategies with sustainability goals and local community priorities. Key Policy Highlights Rhode Island residents show strong support for green rooftops (GRs), especially those that prioritize agriculture over solar energy, with the highest willingness to pay observed for rooftop farming space. Public trust in NGOs to lead GR programmes surpasses trust in state or federal agencies, suggesting collaborative governance models may enhance public buy-in and programme success. Although most respondents support solar integration, 20% exhibit reluctance or require compensation, highlighting the need for hybrid designs and inclusive messaging. Community engagement – especially education and outreach – can improve acceptance among GR Skeptics and should be central to implementation strategies. Given RI's high farmland costs, rooftop agriculture offers a scalable solution for local food production and urban resilience, meriting targeted incentives for commercial and institutional property owners

Universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) is essential for early identification of congenital hearing loss to decrease the adverse effects of a child's speech and language development. Since 2021, Thailand has enforced newborn hearing screening, followed by the national health policy of the Ministry of Public Health. In order to meet this objective, the quality of these programs should be monitored using internationally recognized benchmarks. This study aimed to analyze the UNHS outcomes according to the national health policy and standard benchmarks. A retrospective study was conducted at Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital, a tertiary care hospital, from December 2021 to November 2022. All newborns delivered in a one-year period who underwent hearing screening were recruited. The coverage rate, rates of diagnostic hearing evaluation, and hearing rehabilitation were analyzed and compared between the well-baby newborns (WBN) and high-risk newborns (HRN). Of 4,216 newborns delivered, 3,363 (79.8%) were WBN, and 853 (20.2%) were HRN. The screening coverage rates before 1 month of age were 94.6% and 72.2%, and referral rates were 34.7% and 34.1% for WBN and HRN, respectively, showing significant differences. The follow-up return rates were 51.9% and 45.7%, audiological diagnosis within 3 months of age were 11.8% and 10.5%, considering diagnosis within 6 months of age were 52.7% and 42.1% for WBN and HRN, respectively, showing without significant differences. Eight children were diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss, three from the WBN group and five from the HRN group. One child, in the high-risk group, received bilateral hearing aids and speech therapy. UNHS serves as a critical initial measure for the early identification of hearing loss, paving the way for timely interventions. Despite the preliminary indicators not meeting the standard benchmarks, there is a clear necessity for systematically developing implementation protocols to enhance the program's efficacy. The national health policy in Thailand should persist in its efforts, including providing resources such as manpower, money, and materials (3M's), to ensure the program's success.

Mathematics readiness at entry remains critical for success in first-year engineering programs, yet many institutions lack transparent, reusable tools to diagnose risk and design levelling policies. This study develops and evaluates an open Engineering Mathematics Readiness Score (EMRS) using two publicly available datasets: the UCI Student Performance dataset in secondary-school mathematics and the international SMARVUS dataset on statistics and mathematics anxieties and related variables in university students (12,570 learners, 35 countries). We first compare several supervised learning models and then adopt a parsimonious logistic regression based primarily on prior quantitative grades, complemented by benchmark analyses with contextual and affective variables. The model achieves strong within-dataset discrimination in both development settings, with bootstrap confidence intervals and calibration analyses used to qualify uncertainty and probabilistic behaviour. Exploratory cross-dataset transfer suggests that EMRS retains useful ranking value across secondary- and university-level quantitative-course contexts, although these datasets are treated as related proxy environments rather than identical constructs and require cautious interpretation under dataset shift. Subgroup analyses by gender, school type, and country indicate that local calibration remains necessary, particularly where recall varies across subgroups. A cost-sensitive threshold analysis translates EMRS into concrete levelling-policy options, explicitly balancing the cost of missing at-risk students against the cost of over-referral. A pilot case study with 30 first-year engineering students at a Latin-American university shows that EMRS bands (high, moderate, needs remediation) align meaningfully with final outcomes in Calculus I. All code, configuration files, and an easy-to-use command-line tool (EMRS-CLI) are released as open resources, enabling institutions to compute EMRS from simple diagnostic data and to simulate levelling policies for engineering mathematics. The released EMRS-CLI should therefore be interpreted as a transparent baseline tool that supports portability with local verification, threshold tuning, and recalibration.

Genomic selection (GS) has become an indispensable tool in the beef cattle industry, offering the potential to significantly enhance genetic gain and prediction accuracy by integrating genomic, pedigree, and phenotypic information to estimate genomic breeding values. Hanwoo cattle (HC) are valued in the Korean Peninsula, for their exceptional marbling and distinct flavor. Thus, genetic improvement breeding programs for Hanwoo have been undertaken to improve beef production and profitability, emphasizing particular focus on carcass and meat quality traits. The success of a breeding program that incorporates genomic information in HC is largely dependent on prediction accuracy, thereby making genomic prediction (GP) essential for accelerating genetic gain. Hence, breeders must recognize the superiority of GS and choose the most suitable prediction model based on the genetic architecture and biological nature of the trait of interest. Several GP methods have already proven superior performance regarding carcass and meat quality traits compared to the traditional pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction method. Consequently, no alternative approaches exist for breeders to accelerate the innovative development of Hanwoo beef cattle to GS. The main objective of this review is to provide an overview of the application of GP methods in improving the ultimate meat quality of HC. Furthermore, this review presents the transversal analysis of interest in GS for Hanwoo breeders regarding the selection of best prediction methods for specific traits. This review literature is expected to serve as a significant resource for future exploitation of Hanwoo's potential in the Korean beef industry.

Untangling the complex relationship between HIV-exposure and tuberculosis in children: a narrative review.

The 21st-century education paradigm and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 aimed to produce and supply highly calibrated and qualified teachers. A professional teacher should pass the licensure examination to become a full-fledged professional teacher. However, licensure examination is one of the hurdles for beginning teachers, and failing rates were still observed among universities and colleges in the Philippines. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the licensure examination success of teacher education graduates in one state university in the City of Malolos, Bulacan covering the years of 2019, 2022, and 2023. This study utilized quantitative trend analysis to determine the trends and success of licensure examination of the stated years. The data revealed that the trend and patterns of licensure examination for teachers (LET) results of beginning teachers for the three consecutive years are above the national passing percentage of 75% and described as satisfactory. The beginning teachers’ satisfactory results produce a significant difference in the following: examination year, elementary education area of concentration, secondary education area of concentration, and examination components. Thus, the strengthening and enhancing the existing curricular and pre-board examination program should be intensified and reinforced to sustain and uplift the university’s standing in terms of success rate.

The Role of an Advanced Practice Provider as a Theranostics Program Coordinator: Navigating Barriers to Achieve Program Success and Optimal Patient Outcomes

The increasing demand for geriatric health services, particularly in rehabilitation, has led to significant delays in the delivery of care across many regions of Germany. In response, Germany has introduced several initiatives, including innovative care models such as the telemedicine integrating multimodal, home-based geriatric aftercare programs GeRas that aimed at improving service efficiency and accessibility in geriatric rehabilitation. While such programs may increase geriatric health services capacity further exploration is needed to assess the scalability of such programs. Thus, the objective of this study was to obtain the perspective of key stakeholders (e.g., health services provider) on the requirements for scaling up of geriatric aftercare programs including a telemedicine component. In a qualitative interview study, 12 key stakeholders were interviewed to obtain their perspectives on the requirement for such geriatric aftercare programs, as well as their scalability, including the integration of telemedicine, taking the GeRas program as an example. The interview data were analysed using Qualitative Content Analysis according to Kuckartz. A total of four main themes emerged from the qualitative content analysis. Theme two, including six subthemes, addressed the requirements for scalability of geriatric aftercare programs. Stakeholders emphasized the need to address financial requirements and establish transparent remuneration models for healthcare providers (1). Personnel requirements (2), and structural needs, including cross-sectional collaboration, were also highlighted (3). Additionally, the development and implementation of educational concepts for both providers and participants were discussed (4). Key requirements for a geriatric aftercare program (5) and the role of telemedicine (6) were also considered. Clear definitions of structural, personnel, and financial requirements, along with interprofessional collaboration, were essential for the scalability and success of geriatric aftercare programs. However, findings show that the scalability of these programs remains complex, yet essential. German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00029559). Registered 5/10/2022.

Purpose This study aims to investigate how sustainability competency and team diversity influence students’ intention to promote Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It also explores the moderating effect of team diversity on the relationship between sustainability competency and intention to promote SDGs (SDG Intention). Design/methodology/approach Empirical data were collected through a questionnaire-based research methodology involving 20,501 students actively participating in the Kampus Mengajar Program. This study used purposive sampling, which is explained by the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and experiential learning theory (ELT). Findings This study found that sustainability competencies, including leadership, critical thinking, collaboration and adaptability, significantly influenced students’ intention to promote the SDGs. In addition, team diversity in educational background significantly moderated the relationship between sustainability competencies and intention to promote the SDGs. Practical implications The study shows that developing a curriculum that supports sustainability education, comprehensive student training and diverse team building is essential. Institutional support and collaboration between institutions are also needed to ensure the success of programs supporting SDG achievement. Originality/value The originality of this study lies in the innovative use of an integrated theoretical framework, specifically ELT and TPB, to examine how sustainability competencies can enhance students’ intention to promote the SDGs. This research advocates a diverse educational approach that fosters critical thinking, systemic analysis and proactive engagement, essential to addressing complex sustainability challenges. Furthermore, exploring the moderating effects of team diversity introduces a new dimension to the discourse, highlighting the enriching potential of diverse educational environments in enhancing collaborative skills.

Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) from underrepresented racial/ethnic groups may benefit from peer support because of cultural differences in the transplant process. We evaluated patient and provider perspectives on a KTR peer-mentoring program for underrepresented groups. Single-center mixed-methods study including 2 focus groups (virtual and in-person) and surveys with 12 Black and Hispanic KTRs. We explored 4 domains: relevance of peer-mentoring, mentor characteristics, program expectations, and requirements for program success. We used interprofessional content analysis and deductive thematic analysis to identify themes. Transplant providers (n = 17) completed a separate survey on perceived barriers and facilitators. Among 557 quotes and 101 codes, we identified 16 themes across 4 domains. KTRs emphasized the need for peer mentorship early in the process and valued empathetic role models to address uncertainty and fears and discuss waitlist and medication challenges. The need for culturally tailored approaches, given disparities in transplantation and limited trust in the healthcare system, was highlighted. KTRs prioritized attitude (90%) and life experiences (67%) for peer matching. Suggested mentor roles included education and advocacy. KTRs favored mentor accessibility, in-person or virtual. Boundaries and mentor support were considered relevant. Among providers, 94% supported the program. Facilitators included mentor training (81%), language (71%), and mentor selection (63%). Barriers included confidentiality (63%), mentor availability, and health literacy (both 50%). Patients and providers strongly supported a peer-mentoring program for underrepresented groups to help KTRs navigate medical, psychosocial, and cultural transplant challenges. These insights will direct program development and implementation.

Beginning in fiscal year (FY) 2019, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Zambia transitioned from non-governmental organizations to a government to government provincial health office service delivery model in four provinces in Zambia. We reviewed programmatic and financial data during and after this transition to assess outcomes of service delivery and financial investment through a government-led approach. Programmatic performance using U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief's (PEPFAR) Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting and expenditure reporting data were used to assess changes over the period of transition. Data were reviewed across six FYs from October 2018-September 2019 (FY19) through October 2023-September 2024 (FY24) in four provinces. Programmatic and expenditure performance indicators were analysed across time. From FY19 to FY24, the number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) across the four provinces increased from 520,628 to 680,781 (31%). Viral load coverage and suppression in the transition provinces increased from 345,849/472,554 to 592,399/672403 (15%) and 313,384/345,849 to 578,832/592,399 (7%), respectively. Annual PEPFAR financial investments for care and treatment activities (in 2019 US dollars) increased by $12.7 million (25%) from $38.3 million in FY19 to $51.0 million in FY21, as the amount invested in direct service delivery increased concurrently with investments to implementing partners. From FY21 to FY24, spending declined by $21.1 million (41%), while the total number of PLHIV on ART increased. The amount spent per PLHIV on ART decreased by from $79 in FY21 to $44 in FY24 (44%). The government-led model in Zambia shows a path forward to achieving HIV program success, reductions in costs, and expanded government ownership of the HIV program.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remain major global health challenges, together accounting for approximately 1.1million deaths annually and representing leading causes of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In Paraguay, the true burden remains poorly defined, hindering effective public health planning toward the WHO's 2030 elimination goal. This cross-sectional study aimed to establish a comprehensive, nationally representative epidemiological baseline among blood donors. We prospectively analyzed 85,811 blood donor samples. Screening involved chemiluminescent immunoassays for anti-HBc, HBsAg, and anti-HCV, followed by confirmatory Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing (NAT) for HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA. The age-standardized seroprevalences were: 1.66% for anti-HBc, 0.079% for HBsAg, and 0.261% for anti-HCV. However, significant regional variations were noted, with anti-HBc prevalence ranging from 0.70% to 3.86% (p < 0.001). Anti-HBc also increased with age (0.27% in < 20 years to 3.10% in > 50 years). Critically, no HBV markers were detected in donors born after the national 2003 vaccination program. Only 1 of 229 anti-HCV reactive samples was HCV-RNA detectable. While low overall seroprevalence confirms blood safety standards, pronounced regional disparities require targeted public health interventions focused on specific epidemiological hotspots. The absence of HBV markers in the post-vaccination cohort provides strong evidence of the national immunization program's success, offering an invaluable baseline for future elimination strategies.

In 2022 rabies cases in Bali will experience a sharp increase, this condition shows that the government program has not been successful in achieving zero rabies. Therefore, a socialization and education program in community service was carried out by Triatma Mulya University in Cepaka Village, Tabanan, Bali as a form of Higher Education's concern for the environment. Preventive efforts are carried out using a participatory ergonomics approach involving all stakeholders from the government, academics, experts, community leaders, animal lovers groups and the community. The success of the community service program can be seen from the enthusiasm of the residents to take part in the activity. There were 56 residents who took part in the activity with 94 animals that were vaccinated, sterilized or castrated and from the pretest and posttest questionnaires conducted, it was obtained an increase in people's understanding and behavior towards rabies. The average increase in people's understanding of rabies is 7.47. Whereas in the behavior variable towards rabies, there is an average increase of 4.57.