Success In India Research Articles

The challenge of improving neonatal mortality in India: Key to global achievement of MDG 4

In Millennium Development Goal four (MDG4), national leaders committed to reduce 1990 levels of child mortality in their countries by two-thirds by 2015. Between 1990 and 2009, child mortality has reduced globally from 89 to 60 per 1000 live births [1]; however, this trajectory is not sufficient to achieve MDG4. India has the highest number of births in the world and also accounts for over 20% of all child deaths. Achieving MDG4 globally depends on the progress and success in India, more than in any other single nation [2].

DESIRE FOR SONS AND SUBSEQUENT FERTILITY IN RURAL INDIA. A 20-YEAR LONGITUDINAL STUDY

This paper compares the desired fertility of rural Indian women in 1987 with their actual fertility in 2007. Seventy-one respondents who stated definite fertility intentions and had fewer children than desired in 1987 were re-interviewed 20 years later, as part of a larger study. The results indicated that these women had fewer children than intended and stopped childbearing once they reached, or approximated, their desired number of sons. The majority had been sterilized, indicating broad acceptance of lower fertility among rural women and the success of India's family planning efforts, although the practice of sex determination seems also to have played a role. These findings echo those of an earlier longitudinal study of reproductive intentions and outcomes in the same community, demonstrating the persistence of son preference in determining reproductive behaviour, even in the context of low overall fertility. The paper concludes with a discussion of the policy and programme implications of the study's findings.

A Discursive Dominance Theory of Economic Reform Sustainability: The Case of India

This article hypothesizes that economic reforms become sustainable when the discursive conditions prevailing in society tip against the existing paradigm under exceptional circumstances. Thus, unless the pro-liberalization constituencies dominate the development discourse, economic reforms, initiated under the exigencies of crisis and conditionalities, or carried out by a convinced executive with or without the stimulus of a crisis, will be reversed. The discursive conditions are determined based on eight factors: the dominant view of international intellectuals, illustrative country cases, executive orientations, political will, the degree and the perceived causes of economic crisis, attitudes on the part of donor agencies, and the perceived outcomes of economic reforms. The paper seeks to prove this “discursive dominance” hypothesis for the Indian case through a cross-temporal, comparative review of the evolution of economic policy in India over six different phases.

Mothering Daughters and the Fair and Lovely Path to Success

Fair skin has always been a marker of success in India. This paper examines mother-daughter relations in television commercials for the fairness cream, "Fair and Lovely" through a recent television commercial of the brand. Earlier representations of mother-daughter relationships were marked by an absence broken only through depictions of the mother adorning the daughter or bidding farewell at the time of her marriage. A recent advertisement of Fair and Lovely, in contrast, depicts the daughter as a successful professional cyclist buying a new home for her mother. This paper analyzes the figure of the mother in this advertisement in the context of new-media representations of global womanhood. The argument of the paper is that the advertisement represents the mother as a passive observer of the daughter's entry into the global market. The apparently feminist theme of the advertisement hides a subtle message of the irrelevance of the older woman in a neoliberal economy.

How to Open the Doors of the Court – Lessons on Access to Justice from Indian Pil

Indian Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is a creative and widely-noted model for broadening access to justice and facilitating the proper hearing of important issues even if they are not backed by resources. The model holds obvious appeal for South Africa, where these are pressing concerns. PIL has, however, enjoyed distinctly mixed success in India. This article draws on the model and the Indian experience of it to propose a PIL model for South Africa, more modest than India’s, but designed to be resistant to the problems India has experienced and to be a practical proposal that both the government and the judiciary could support. The paper seeks to show how such a model can expand the number and diversity of people who can access the courts, improve the ability of the courts to remedy constitutional violations, and potentially bolster judicial status and independence.

Choosing Vaccination: Negotiating Child Protection and Good Citizenship in Modern India

A global effort exists today to reach every child worldwide with vaccines. To get there, success in India is deemed cruical by international actors. Despite extensive international resources put into the universal immunization programme in India over the past 25 years, immunization rates remain low. This article explores how socio‐cultural realities in rural North India influence implementation of this effort, and questions the idea that vaccines can provide a quick‐fix road to health improvement. The authors identify three interfaces in rural vaccination programmes: between different knowledge systems; between social classes; and between government and citizens. At these interfaces they explore the role of a new cadre of community health workers (ASHA), deployed as a governmental tool under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), a fresh state health initiative. Despite a new language of community participation under the NRHM, reaching top‐down targets remains the main objective set for health workers. Furthermore, information strategies present vaccination as the moral choice according to national needs, catering to discourses in Indian society ultimately legitimizing social inequalities. Choosing to vaccinate becomes a statement of belonging to the modern, implying a high moral status. Marginalized groups, conversely, are blamed for not being part of that moral community. Non‐participation in the programme may represent a wish for dignity and a moral community of one's own. The authors call for a changed focus in preventive health care, in order to reach all parts of the population: quality of delivery, local knowledge and structural constraints must be addressed.

A Proposal for Uniform Civil Code for Law of Succession in India

Uniform civil code (hereinafter UCC) of India is a term referring to the concept of an overarching Civil Law Code in India. A uniform civil code administers the same set of secular civil laws to govern all people, even those belonging to different religions and regions. This supersedes the right of citizens to be governed under different personal laws based on their religion or ethnicity. Such codes are in place in most modern nations. There is no doubt that the idea of UCC is by and large, a child of independent India.

India in Afghanistan: a test case for a rising power

India's role is seen as crucial for the long-term stability of Afghanistan, and India realizes that a stable, prosperous and democratic Afghanistan is also in its strategic interests. This article examines the trends in India's ties with Afghanistan in the past few years and argues that, driven by its growing regional and global ambitions, India is following a multi-pronged strategy in Afghanistan. A range of factors are propelling India towards an unusually proactive policy towards Afghanistan, and the success of India's Afghanistan policy will go a long way in determining whether India will be able to emerge as a provider of regional security in South Asia. First, a very brief historical overview of India–Afghanistan relations is followed by the delineation of trends in this bilateral relationship. Subsequently, an analysis of Indian strategic interests in Afghanistan is presented and placed in the broader regional strategic context.

Dry solution success in India

Environmental benefits of dry vacuum pumping, particularly for reducing pollution and operating costs, have long been appreciated and progressive vacuum users are learning how best to exploit its advantages. This article reviews some recent installation experiences in India.

INTANGIBLE DETERMINANTS OF MARKET VALUE IN THE NEW ECONOMY: A DYNAMIC PANEL DATA ANALYSIS OF THE INDIAN SOFTWARE INDUSTRY

Intangible assets like human capital and organization capital have driven the success of India's software industry. This article analyzes the impact of intangible assets on the market value of Indian software firms using a dynamic panel data model. Measures of tangible and intangible assets are constructed using firm-level panel data. The estimation technique uses system generalized method of moments (GMM) and minimum distance estimation (MDE). This methodology accounts for unobserved firm heterogeneity, endogenous explanatory variables and persistent variables. The results conclusively show that intangible assets have a significant impact on market values of Indian software firms.

Dating the Oldest Greenstone in India: A 3.51-Ga Precise U-Pb SHRIMP Zircon Age for Dacitic Lava of the Southern Iron Ore Group, Singhbhum Craton

Abstract This article reports a precise 3506.8 ± 2.3-Ma U-Pb SHRIMP zircon age for dacitic lava in a well-preserved low-grade metamorphic and low-strained greenstone belt succession of the southern Iron Ore Group, Singhbhum craton, India. This age makes the succession the oldest-known greenstone belt succession in India and one of the oldest low-strain greenstone successions in the world after the 3.51-Ga Coonterunah Group of the Pilbara craton, Western Australia, and the moderately deformed 3.54-Ga Theespruit Formation of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, Kaapvaal craton, South Africa. The geochemical composition of the dacitic lava and related volcanic rocks suggests that they formed in a volcanic arc setting. The succession also contains a major ∼120-m-thick oxide facies banded iron formation that distinguishes it from the slightly older successions of the Pilbara and Kaapvaal cratons. This banded iron formation may well be one of the oldest and most well preserved, and together with associated volcanics,...

Drivers of Success for Market Entry into China and India

China and India are the fastest-growing major markets in the world and the most popular markets for foreign entrants. However, no study has examined the success or failure of these entries. Using a new definition of success and a uniquely compiled archival database, the authors analyze whether and why firms that entered China and India succeeded or failed. The most important findings are rather counterintuitive: Smaller firms are more successful than larger firms, and firms entering more open emerging markets have less success. Other findings are that success is greater with earlier entry, greater control of entry mode, and shorter cultural and economic distances between the home and the host countries. Importantly, with or without control for these drivers, firms have less success in India than in China. The authors discuss the reasons for and implications of these findings.

Drivers of Success for Market Entry into China and India

China and India are the fastest-growing major markets in the world and the most popular markets for foreign entrants. However, no study has examined the success or failure of these entries. Using a new definition of success and a uniquely compiled archival database, the authors analyze whether and why firms that entered China and India succeeded or failed. The most important findings are rather counterintuitive: Smaller firms are more successful than larger firms, and firms entering more open emerging markets have less success. Other findings are that success is greater with earlier entry, greater control of entry mode, and shorter cultural and economic distances between the home and the host countries. Importantly, with or without control for these drivers, firms have less success in India than in China. The authors discuss the reasons for and implications of these findings.

Does Direct Investment in Complementary Businesses make Business Sense to Foreign Companies in an Emerging Economy? Case of British American Tobacco in India, 1906–2004

The objective of this article is to find out if direct investment in complementary businesses is important for success of a foreign company in the context of an emerging economy like India. The article analyses the case of British American Tobacco (BAT) with regard to its nature, timing and scope of investment in India from 1906 to 2004 to explain the determinants of its success in India. From a sample of 51 foreign companies that have been operating in India prior to 1991 and that showed consistency in their financial performance, the case of BAT was chosen for the study. While the study shows the importance of holistic investment approach for success of a foreign firm in an emerging economy, it argues that investments in complementary businesses contributes significantly to the success of direct investment in the context of an emerging economy.

Triple ‘E’ Training Approach for the Success of India Post

Triple ‘E’ Training Approach for the Success of India Post

India's Textiles & Clothing Trade

In this paper we examine the textiles and clothing export performance of India and China during the ATC and post-MFA period, with focus on the two leading consumer markets, viz. the European Union (EU) and USA. We evaluate the proposition that in comparison with China, India has not been able to gain significantly in these markets from the quota-removal on textiles and clothing, and that India has continued to be a smaller player in the world market for textiles and clothing as compared to China. Further, we analyze the implications of the trade trends of the US and EU textiles and clothing markets for the future textiles and clothing export success of India. Besides, we explore the possible strategic options available to India to become a major player in the leading export markets of textiles and clothing despite the competition and competitors. The results reported in the paper support our proposition that India&s gains in textiles and clothing trade in the ATC and post-MFA era have not been commensurate with its hopes. The paper suggests various reasons for this unsatisfactory outcome and outlines some measures to ensure better gains for India in future.

The Success of India's Democracy. Edited by Atul Kohli. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 298 pp. $60.00 (cloth); $22.00 (paper).

List of contributors Acknowledgements 1. Introduction Atul Kohli Part I. Historical Origins: 2. Indian democracy: the historical inheritance Sumit Sarkar Part II. Political Institutions and Democratic Consolidation: 3. India's federal design and multicultural national construction Jyotirindra Dasgupta 4. Center-state relations James Manor 5. Making local government work Subrata K. Mitra 6. Redoing the constitutional design: from an interventionist to a regulatory state Lloyd I. Rudolph and Susanne Hoeber Rudolph 7. The dialectics of Hindu nationalism Amrita Basu: Part III. Social Demands and Democratic Deepening 8. The struggle for equality: caste in Indian politics Myron Weiner 9. Sharing the spoils: group equity, development and democracy Pranab Bardhan 10. Social movement politics in India: institutions, interest, and identities Mary Katzenstein, Smitu Kothari, and Uday Mehta Bibliography Index.

Global correlation of Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) sequences: Evidence for Milankovitch control on sea level

Research Article| April 01, 2002 Global correlation of Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) sequences: Evidence for Milankovitch control on sea level Andrew S. Gale; Andrew S. Gale 1School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham, Kent ME4 4AW, UK, and Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Jan Hardenbol; Jan Hardenbol 2GSC, Inc., 826 Plainwood Drive, Houston, Texas 77079, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Ben Hathway; Ben Hathway 3School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham, Kent ME4 4AW, UK Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar W. James Kennedy; W. James Kennedy 4Geological Collections, Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Jeremy R. Young; Jeremy R. Young 5Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Vijay Phansalkar Vijay Phansalkar 6Department of Geology, University of Pune, Pune 411007, India Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Geology (2002) 30 (4): 291–294. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0291:GCOCUC>2.0.CO;2 Article history received: 20 Jul 2001 rev-recd: 29 Oct 2001 accepted: 19 Nov 2001 first online: 02 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Andrew S. Gale, Jan Hardenbol, Ben Hathway, W. James Kennedy, Jeremy R. Young, Vijay Phansalkar; Global correlation of Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) sequences: Evidence for Milankovitch control on sea level. Geology 2002;; 30 (4): 291–294. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0291:GCOCUC>2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract We have investigated the sequence stratigraphy of two widely separated marine Cenomanian successions in southeast India and northwest Europe, and used high-resolution ammonite biostratigraphy to demonstrate that sea-level changes are globally synchronous and therefore must be eustatically controlled. Sequence-scale sea-level changes in the Cenomanian were driven by the long eccentricity cycle (400 k.y.) in the Milankovitch band. We hypothesize that, during pre-Quaternary time, the third-order sequences of Vail and Haq are essentially a sediment response to sea-level changes driven by the 400 k.y. cycle. Construction of a relative sea-level curve for the marginal marine succession in India demonstrates that the short-term sea-level changes are rapid (10–100 m/m.y.) and have a magnitude of 2–20 m. Glacioeustasy is a possible but unproven driving mechanism. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

The Politics of Pure Land Buddhism in India

AbstractPure Land Buddhism achieved its primary influence in East Asia because it supplied a nonmonastic, autonomous source of religious authority and practice to middle elites in those cultural regions. In contrast Pure Land failed to achieve any success in India. The explanation for the marginalization of Indian Pure Land is probably sociopolitical: Pure Land teachings tended to bypass not only the authority of the Hindu brahmins, but even the authority of Buddhist renunciate orders. Indian social history did not produce any significant middle elites concerned with such non-gurucentric religious authority. As a result, Buddhist India did not produce any innovations in the upâya of religious institutionalization in Buddhism.

Late Cretaceous and Tertiary palynological succession in India

The Late Cretaceous and Tertiary palynological assemblages of India are divided into several phytogeoprovinces and cenozones. The Senonian palynofloral of India is clubbed with Brazil and West African palynoflora as Constantinisporis phytogeoprovince characterized by the presence of Constantinisporis, Victorisporis and Andreisporis. The Danian to Middle Eocene palynofloral of India are placed under pantropical Proxapertites operculatus zone and this is further subdivided into Acrostichumsporites meghalayensis subzone, Dandotiaspora dilata subzone, Kielmeyerapollenites syncolporatus subzone, Lakiapollis ovatus subzone, Tricolporopilites robustus subzone and Pellicieroipollis langenheimii subzone. The Oligocene and Miocene palynofossils are placed under Trisyncolpites ramanujamii subzone and Hibisceaepollenites robustispinosus subzone respectively and come under Striatriletes susannae pantropical zone. A comparison of the Indian palynological succession with Borneo, Caribbean and Atlantic Tertiary palynological assemblages reveal that the trans-Atlantic palynological assemblages have closer similarity than others.