Substances Of Different Nature Research Articles

Модификация свойств волокнистых материалов с использованием нанотехнологий

Nanotechnologies play an important role in the modern world economy. As they deal, as a rule, together with other convergent (nano-, bio-, info-, cognitive) technologies. This connection causes a synergy effect, i.e. non linear development of innovations. The growth dynamics of the world's nanotechnology products is impressive. The world market of nanotechnologies in 2021 was 85 billion dollars, in 2024 (plan) will be 140 billion dollars. The forecast for 2030 is $288 billion. The production of nanoparticles of different nature and their use in different industries, fields of science, and technology takes a special place in nanotechnology. Both nanotechnology itself and the production and application of nanoparticles are interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral ones. Their users and customers are developed industries, including the textile industry. Metal nanoparticles are used both in the form of colloidal solutions and as part of microcapsules containing functional substances of different nature in the core. The article considers some methods of obtaining metal nanoparticles and microcapsule synthesis. The authors list the technologies of microcapsules application for textile functionalization.

Modification of fibre materials properties with the use of nanotechnologies

Nanotechnologies play an important role in the modern world economy. As they deal, as a rule, together with other convergent (nano-, bio-, info-, cognitive) technologies. This connection causes a synergy effect, i.e. non linear development of innovations. The growth dynamics of the world's nanotechnology products is impressive. The world market of nanotechnologies in 2021 was 85 billion dollars, in 2024 (plan) will be 140 billion dollars. The forecast for 2030 is $288 billion. The production of nanoparticles of different nature and their use in different industries, fields of science, and technology takes a special place in nanotechnology. Both nanotechnology itself and the production and application of nanoparticles are interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral ones. Their users and customers are developed industries, including the textile industry. Metal nanoparticles are used both in the form of colloidal solutions and as part of microcapsules containing functional substances of different nature in the core. The article considers some methods of obtaining metal nanoparticles and microcapsule synthesis. The authors list the technologies of microcapsules application for textile functionalization.

Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Characteristics of Antibiotic Streptofungin

Background. Streptomycetes were and remain a source of new antimicrobial compounds of various nature. A new wave of interest in such research is associated with the possibilities of applied genomics to reveal the hidden biosynthetic potential of streptomycetes, and therefore the discovery of new practically valuable antimicrobial products. The problem of antibiotic resistance of pathogens can be solved by creating compositions of active substances of different nature to overcome the protective mechanisms of pathogens.
 Objective. The purpose of the work was to establish and evaluate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic characteristics of the new antibiotic streptofungin, synthesized by Streptomyces albus 2435 (CMIM-S-668) and its mutant strains 2435/М, UN44, 4S, US101, AE6, 105, 80/5.
 Methods. To establish the characteristics of streptofungin, the antagonistic activity of selected S. albus producer strains was determined (by the radial streak method), the minimum inhibitory concentration of the antibiotic (by the serial dilution method), and cytotoxicity was determined by the MTT test with resazurin.
 Results. The activity of the antibiotic streptofungin against Candida fungi (C. albicans, C. utilis) is shown. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of streptofungin were determined for C. albicans ATCC 10231 (10 μg/ml), B. subtilis ATCC 6633 (200 μg/ml) and P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 (500 μg/ml). According to the resazurin test, streptofungin does not show a cytotoxic effect in a wide range of concentrations from 2.5 to 500 μg/ml, and therefore can be considered potentially permissible for humans and animals in the studied concentrations.
 Conclusions. The antagonistic activity of mutant strains of S. albus culture is due to the action of a complex of antimicrobial products that have a different antimicrobial spectrum and mechanism of action. The obtained results give reasons to consider streptofungin as a promising pharmaceutical substance with antifungal action, as well as to consider the possibility of its combination with the bacteriolytic enzyme complex of the same culture for the development of an antimicrobial agent with a wide spectrum of action.

Влияние высокоактивных соединений на механические свойства древесины двухлетних сеянцев сосны обыкновенной в лесных питомниках

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) has the leading environment-forming function. Also, the pine is an economically valuable tree species in the Ural region. The long-term use of the pesticide complex in forest nurseries has led to the pesticide pollution of the arable soil, which causes disruption in the pine seedlings growth, weakening their ability to overcome the difficult period of transportation into the forest environment. The use of biostimulants created from extracts of fir and spruce needles, as well as organic ameliorant (forest litter from pinebirch plantations), is considered as a way to reduce the negative impact of pesticides on pine seedlings. At the same time, biologically active preparations and substrates can lead to shifts in the metabolic processes of young plants, which affect the formation of physical characteristics of the stems. The research aims at assessing how wood density changes under the influence of highly active substances of different nature in two-year-old Scots pine seedlings grown in forest nurseries of the Middle Urals. The study objects were two-years-old pine seedlings dug out in autumn from sylvicultural fields and experimental sites in different forest nurseries. Morphometric parameters of seedlings were determined in the laboratory conditions. The basic wood density of stems in the 1st and 2nd years of growth was determined by the method of maximum humidity. It was found that the metabolic activity of pesticides and biostimulants leads to changes in the formation of physical properties of stems at the initial stages of pine growth: when growing seedlings in pesticide-polluted soil, the height of seedlings is lower, and the basic density of stem wood is higher, compared to control group. Forest litter from mixed plantations (birch-pine), when introduced to the forest nursery soil, produces seedlings of greater height and has no significant effect on the formation of physical and mechanical properties of wood. The seed treatment by biostimulants leads to a rapid increase in the stems size, but the wood density decreases, relative to the control option. Corrective measures and the development of balanced agronomic machinery for production of pine with the required physical qualities of wood are needed in the future. The study of the qualitative characteristics formation features of trees, when using intensive technologies in nurseries, is necessary for the development of target models for the subsequent use of such seedlings in forest management.

INFLUENCE OF THE RADIOPAQUE SUBSTANCES NATURE ON THE BEHAVIOR OF EMBOLIZING SYSTEMS IN VIVO

The influence of iodine-containing radiopaque substances (water-soluble and water-insoluble compounds) nature on the functional properties of the emboli was studied in a comparative aspect during the experiment in vivo. The assessment was carried out through radiographic, histological, hematological and microscopic research techniques. It has been found that emboli, regardless of the radiopaque substance nature, completely block the blood flow and do not have a toxic effect on the organism. Contrasting of liquid embolizing systems with contrasting substances of different nature leads to some differences, however, the embolizing properties of the systems are preserved.

Leaves of non-traditional crops in the production of food for a healthy diet

In the course of the study, it was determined that the chemical composition and nutritional value of the Viburnum vulgaris is explained by a group of substances of different nature. Their qualitative and quantitative component depends, first of all, on the growing region. The national economic value of viburnum is great—from culinary delights to medicines. The article presents the biochemical composition of the leaves of the viburnum of various varieties, which indicates the possibility of using viburnum leaves in the production of food, including a functional orientation.

FEATURES OF THE COPPER(II) CARBONATE INFLUENCE ON AN INFLAMMABILITY OF EPOXY-AMINE COMPOSITES

Introduction. Inflammation susceptibility and the nature of combustion are one of the most important characteristics for the parametrization of the fire hazard of polymer materials. Because ignition is the occurrence process of the persistent flame near the surface of the material, which is preceded by the process of propagation of the flame front on its surface, the predisposition to ignition of the polymer materials plays an important role in the aspect of initiation of fires. A comparative evaluation of inflammation susceptibility of substances of different nature was carried out basing the determination of the ignition point and self-ignition point.
 Purpose. The work aims to determine the peculiarities of the influence of copper(II) carbonate on the increase of ignition point and self-ignition point of epoxy-amine composites.
 Metods. The experimental determination of the ignition point and self-ignition point was carried out according to all-Union State Standard 12.1.044-89 (4.7, 4.9 items). Toward this end, three samples of the test material were prepared with a weight of 3 g. Before testing, samples were conditioned in air.
 Results. Data on the effect of copper(II) carbonate on the value of ignition point and self-ignition point of the epoxy-amine composites indicate that the epoxy-amine-based composite, cured by the traditional amine hardener (PEPA), has lowest temperature of the ignition and self-ignition. The temperture values of ignition and self-ignition increase as the content of copper(II) carbonate increases in the composite, measuring up a maximum value at 80 g of CuCO3 per 100 g of binder. It is proved that the reason for the increase of the ignition temperature and self-ignition temperature of the modified epoxy-amine composites is the appearance of strong coordination bonds that are formed due to the chemical binding of the combustible polyethylenepolyamine with the non-combustible inorganic salt (with copper(II) carbonate). The measured values of the ignition point and self-ignition point of the amine hardener (PEPA) of the epoxy-diane oligomer indicate that it is able to ignite at temperature 136ºC, and self-ignite at temperature 393ºС. After forming the chelate complex, the coordinated PEPA turns into a practically non-combustible substance.
 Conclusion. Consequently, the main factor that affects to make difficulty of ignition of organic nitrogen-containing substances is the efficient chemical binding N atoms of the combustible amine molecules with d-metal atom of the non-combustible inorganic salt, which is accompanied by the formation of sufficiently strong coordination bonds of the Cu(ІІ)¬N type. The resistance to ignition of the modified polymeric composites will depend on the binding strength of the copper(II) salt with an amine hardener. The mechanism of the fire retardant influence of the d-metal salts on combustion of the epoxy-amine-based composites consists in this. So, copper(II) compounds, in particular copper(II) carbonate, can successfully be used as the fire retardant additives enabling of efficiently lowering the fire hazard of synthetic polymers based on epoxy-amine composites.

Effect of a Porous Structure of the Carbon Sorbents from Abies Wood Lignin on Sorption of the Organic Substances of Different Nature

Effect of a Porous Structure of the Carbon Sorbents from Abies Wood Lignin on Sorption of the Organic Substances of Different Nature

Study of the effect of nanocomposites based on humic substances of different nature on the causative agent of ring rot of Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus potato plants

Study of the effect of nanocomposites based on humic substances of different nature on the causative agent of ring rot of Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus potato plants

Artificial Latexes of Butyl Rubber and Styrene Diene Thermoplastic Elastomer, Stabilised with a Mixture of Silicone and Cationic Surface-active Substances

The influence of the mass ratio of silicone and cationic surface-active substances of different nature on the colloid chemical properties and stability of artificial latexes of butyl rubber and styrene diene thermoplastic elastomer is shown.

Исследование влияния температуры на межфазные слои ПАВ - полиэтиленгликоль на границе жидкость – газ

The surface tension of compositions consisting of nonionic polyethylene glycol and surface active substances of different nature and influence of temperatures on properties of their adsorption layers were studied. To be taken into account the basics of classical chemical thermodynamics and colloidal chemistry, the thermodynamic parameters were determined for the adsorption of glycol, cetyl pyridinium bromide, Tween- 80 and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Adsorption speed was valuated By Kinetic curves of a liquid /gas interfaces. As a surfactants were taken the anionic surfactant – sodium dodecylsulphate, cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium bromide and nonionic Tween-80. The reason of using nonionic polyethyleneglycol as polymer is that the polymer is not toxic, biodegradable and it has no harm to the human body. That is why they are largely used in food industry, pharmaceutics, cosmetics and household chemical products.

Calcium alginate particles for the combined delivery of platelet lysate and vancomycin hydrochloride in chronic skin ulcers

The aim of the present work was the development of a powder formulation for the combined delivery of platelet lysate and of a model antibiotic drug, vancomycin hydrochloride (VCM), in chronic skin ulcers. Calcium alginate particles were prepared by freeze-drying beads obtained by ionic gelation method. The experimental conditions adopted permitted the complete loading of VCM and of PDGF AB, the growth factor chosen as representative of those contained in PL. Such particles where able to absorb PBS (mimicking wound exudate), to form a gel and to modulate the release of VCM and of PDGF AB. They are characterized by enhancement properties of human fibroblast proliferation due to PL presence. In particular, PL, when loaded in alginate particles, was able not only to increase the number of viable cells, but also the number of cells in proliferative phase. Such properties were comparable to those of fresh PL indicating the capability of calcium alginate particles to load PL bioactive substances without altering their activity. The formulation developed is characterized by an easier and a less painful administration with respect to traditional gauzes and semisolid preparations and permits the loading in the same dosage form of active substances of different nature avoiding eventual incompatibility problems.

Physicochemical properties of the humic substances of peat and brown coal

A comparison characteristic of the spectroscopic, viscous, and electrokinetic properties of the humic substances of peat and brown coal is given. Quantitative relationships between absorbance and the concentration of humic acids (HAs) were obtained. Methods for the determination of the amounts of humic substances in peat- and coal-alkaline reagents were proposed. The average molecular weights of the humic substances of peat and coal were determined by viscometry. A method was proposed for studying the electro-kinetic properties of humic substances of different nature. The dependence of electrophoretic mobility and kinetic potentials on the concentration and nature of HAs was determined. The electrophoretic mobility method can be used for rapid analysis to determine the concentrations of the functional groups of HAs.

The Surface Properties of Nanodiamonds As Examined by Gas Chromatography

Two samples of detonation nanodiamond (ND) were studied using gas chromatography. Sample ND-Cr was treated by boiling sulfochromic acid with liquid-phase acid purification. Sample ND-Oz was treated with gaseous ozone. The retention times determined for nine substances of different nature at various temperatures were used to calculate the specific retention volumes and the thermodynamic parameters of adsorption of test compounds on ND-Oz and ND-Cr. The adsorption heats of tested n-hydrocarbons on nanodiamond powders, especially on ND-Oz, are close to those on graphitized carbon black (GTB). For benzene and polar compounds, the specific interaction terms in the total energy of adsorption were determined. These terms are higher for ND-Oz than for ND-Cr; i.e., sample ND-Oz contains more reactive functional groups.

The distribution of charges on the verge of substances of different nature

In article discrete distribution of plentiful charges on the electrode surfaces and features of structure of electrical field near the electrode surface is considered.

Protein Haze Formation in White Wines: Effect ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeCell Wall Components Prepared with Different Procedures

Cell wall material was extracted by five different methods from an oenological strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Enzyme preparations containing beta-glucanase activity (Zymolyase, Glucanex, and Finizym 250L) allowed a better extraction yield compared to that of dithiothreitol (DTT) and EDTA. The yeast extracts were only soluble in part in wine. The wine-soluble fraction (WSF) of the five extracts, differing in both protein and sugar contents, when added in increasing amounts to white wine differently affected protein haze formation, as determined by the heat test, giving dose/response curves of different shapes. The curves obtained with the WSF derived from DDT and Zymolyase extracts showed a plateau value corresponding to 90% and 80% of wine haze reduction, respectively. In contrast, addition of the WSF derived from the other extracts resulted in increased turbidity with respect to the original wine. The mannoproteins (MP), isolated from each yeast extract by Concanavalin-A chromatography, gave dose/response curves showing shapes more similar among them than those obtained with the whole WSFs. The best wine stabilization was obtained with the MP of the DTT and Zymolyase extracts. The supernatants obtained after heating the MP of the different extracts were also tested. The stabilizing effect of the heat-stable MP (HSMP) was always larger than that of the corresponding total (un-heated) MP. The HSMP obtained starting from the DTT and Zymolyase extracts showed the best haze-protecting effect, which was, however, lower than that obtained with their corresponding WSF. This result suggests that wine protein stabilization by compounds of the yeast cell wall could be related, in addition to the action of the MP, also to the presence of other substances of different nature.

New Universal Relations for Liquid-Vapor Phase Equilibrium

Universal relations between the saturation pressure p LV and the value of ϕ=Δh LV/Δν LV−p LV, where Δh LV .is the latent heat of evaporation and Δν LV is the volume change of the vapor-liquid transition, and the product of the orthobaric densities ρ L and ρ V of the liquid and vapor at coexistence have been discovered. In the temperature range from the triple point to T/T c≈0.9, these relations obey a power law with universal exponents. At temperatures 0.9<T/T c≤1, p LV and ϕ depend linearly on ln(ρ L ρ V) with retention of universality for substances of different nature.

Characterization of water-soluble components of slurries using solid-phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Water-soluble components from sludge and sediments were sampled and analyzed with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI–MS). The extraction, desorption, and detection conditions were examined with Carbowax-coated SPME fibers for a number of selected carboxylic acids, phthalates, and surfactants. The maximum recoveries of the defined compounds were obtained for extraction times ranging from 1 to 15 h (phthalates and surfactants) with a desorption time of 2 min for a of 80:20 (v/v) methanol–ethanol mixture. The reference compounds were detected in the low-ppb range. The main components of analyzed sludge and sediment samples were identified as phthalates, fatty acids, nonionic surfactants, chlorinated phenols, and carbohydrate derivatives. Additional information for compound identification was obtained using different spray potentials for the mass spectrometric ionization. Switching from positive to negative ionization modes changed the selectivity and sensitivity of detection, thus allowing the detection of substances of different nature. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 10: 225–234, 1998

Characterization of water‐soluble components of slurries using solid‐phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Water-soluble components from sludge and sediments were sampled and analyzed with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI–MS). The extraction, desorption, and detection conditions were examined with Carbowax-coated SPME fibers for a number of selected carboxylic acids, phthalates, and surfactants. The maximum recoveries of the defined compounds were obtained for extraction times ranging from 1 to 15 h (phthalates and surfactants) with a desorption time of 2 min for a of 80:20 (v/v) methanol–ethanol mixture. The reference compounds were detected in the low-ppb range. The main components of analyzed sludge and sediment samples were identified as phthalates, fatty acids, nonionic surfactants, chlorinated phenols, and carbohydrate derivatives. Additional information for compound identification was obtained using different spray potentials for the mass spectrometric ionization. Switching from positive to negative ionization modes changed the selectivity and sensitivity of detection, thus allowing the detection of substances of different nature. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 10: 225–234, 1998

Stimulation of the growth and differentiation of axons and dendrites of the spinal neurons in tissue culture

Regeneration of axons and dendrites after damage to the spinal cord results in partial restoration of the nervous connections and functional activity. Some authorities have used substances of different nature which actively affecting the processes of differentiation of the nervous system in order to stimulate the restoration processes. Experiments in transplanting embryonic spinal cord to the damaged region of the spinal cord of mature animals have also been performed. The recovery of functional activity was not observed in the majority of cases, although active growth of axons was noted [5,6,13]. Now, in addition to nerve growth factor, the classical agent stimulating neuronal differentiation in the spinal and sympathetic ganglia, a group of substances affecting the growth of axons and their collaterales has been studied. Serotonm [15], dalargin [7], fusaric acid [10], insulin [14], cytosine arabinoside [12], substance P [9], and GABA [11] all possess different degrees of stimulation. The present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of blood serum from human umbilical cord (BSHUC), of dalargin, and of supernatant of somatic muscle tissue on the growth of axons and dendrites of spinal cord motoneurons.