Electric Submersible Pumps (ESPs) serve as the primary artificial lift technology in offshore oilfields and play a crucial role in ensuring stable and efficient marine oil and gas production. However, the harsh offshore operating environment—characterized by high temperature, complex multiphase flow, and frequent load fluctuations—makes ESPs highly susceptible to accelerated degradation and unexpected failure. To enhance the operational reliability and efficiency of offshore production systems, this study develops a Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction method for offshore ESP systems using a Dual-Stage Attention-Based Recurrent Neural Network (DA-RNN). The model integrates an input-attention mechanism to identify degradation-relevant offshore operating variables and a temporal-attention mechanism to capture long-term deterioration patterns in real marine production data. Using field data from a representative offshore oilfield in the Bohai Sea, the proposed method achieves an average prediction error of less than 28 days, demonstrating strong robustness under complex offshore conditions. Beyond prediction, an RUL-driven operation optimization strategy is formulated to guide controllable parameters—such as pump frequency and nozzle size—toward extending ESP lifespan and improving offshore production stability. The results show that combining predictive maintenance with operational optimization provides a practical and data-driven pathway for improving the safety, efficiency, and sustainability of offshore oil and gas development. This work aligns closely with the goals of marine resource development and offers a valuable engineering perspective for advancing offshore oilfield operations.

This paper explains the production optimization of two wells from oil field using the Prosper software. By building the wells production models, and then pointing out their depletion time using the decline curve analysis to set the deadline for implementing the artificial lift method. Then the project will work on designing different artificial lift methods using the Prosper software. and technically choose the optimum most suitable design for each well and evaluate the chosen suitable design using economic analysis, in order to insure the project feasibility and as well as to define the chosen design total cost. Finally, the economic analysis is used to build different scenarios at different uncertain conditions for each design, in order to set the deadlines for implementing the chosen design in some conditions. The Electrical submersible pumps are highly recommended to solve the future natural production disability problem for the studied wells.

Raceway ponds are regarded as a popular and cost-effective method for microalgae cultivation; however, their performance is strongly influenced by hydrodynamic conditions. Conventional paddlewheel driven systems are restricted to low operating velocities to avoid culture spilling out which often leads to reduced mixing and stagnant zone formation. In this study, a raceway pond was designed with the inclusion of curved slits at the bent zones and submersible pump as an alternative mixing device to prevent culture overflow, improve flow stability and minimize dead zones. This novel integration of structural modifications and pump-based mixing represents a significant advancement over traditional paddlewheel systems by providing higher velocities, enhanced circulation and more uniform algal growth conditions. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of mixing durations in 6 L raceway ponds under identical environmental conditions. The raceway systems permitted a broader velocity range (0.10-0.45 m s-1) without spillage. The system with continuous 24 h mixing compared to 20 and 16 h mixing resulted in the highest biomass productivity of 1.01 g L-1 d-1 and maximum nutrient removal rates of 5.18 mg L-1 d-1 and 3.41 mg L-1 d-1 for NO3- and PO43-, respectively. Submersible-pump configured open raceway pond achieved comparable or higher biomass yield, lower energy consumption with a net energy efficiency of 62%, demonstrating its practicality and cost-effectiveness as a viable alternative to conventional paddlewheel driven systems for large-scale Scenedesmus sp. cultivation.

The artificial oil lift is the main consumer of electricity at the oilfields, at the same time more than 90 % of the common energy costs fall on the electrical submergible pump units. To drop the energy consumptions on such wells the optimization of the operating regimes is conducted and the energy efficient constructions of pumps and engines is employed. In the present paper the main emphasis is on reducing the energy costs in the ground equipment of wells, which contains transformers and control stations. The losses of useful power in the ground equipment are relatively small, but can achieve 8 % of all losses in electrical submergible pump unit. For reducing the energy costs in transformers and control stations a number of criteria of correspondence of the ground equipment to it energy efficient exploitation has been developed, on the basis of which the principle of its redistribution among wells is proposed. The problem is solved by mathematical modeling methods. The modeling of wells and the elements of electrical submergible pump units is carried out by the help of «digital twin», which among other things contains the detailed calculation of the efficiency of transformer an control station, which account for the characteristics of the ground equipment. The problem of optimization of placement of ground equipment comes down to the linear programming problem. During optimization the presence of the necessary equipment at the warehouse is taken into account as far as the possibility to move it from the neighboring well clusters.The algorithms have been developed of Bashneft PJSC and tested at the oil wells of one of the oilfields of Bashneft PJSC, where the problem of shortage of the ground equipment of the necessary size exists. Two scenarios were considered: at the first the equipment was redistributed among the same well cluster, at the second it was the possibility to use the suitable equipment from the whole oilfield. It is shown that by optimal choice of transformers and control stations to wells it is possible to achieve considerable (up to 1 %) decrease in energy consumption of electrical submersible pumps for a number of groups of wells. The replacing the ground equipment it is recommended to done at the time of planned stops and repairs of wells to minimize the risks of oil losses.

Enhancing the efficiency of mechanized oil production remains a critical objective in the industry. This paper presents a comparative analysis of existing methods aimed at improving the energy efficiency of oil extraction systems, outlining their respective advantages and limitations. A novel approach is proposed, based on the use of a submersible compensator of reactive power to optimize the performance of electric submersible pumps (ESPs). A mathematical model of the ESP’s electrical system is developed to support the proposed method. Theoretical findings are validated by the experimental studies conducted on operational oil wells. Test results demonstrate a reduction in current consumption by 14.5–20% and an improvement in the power factor from 0.62 to 0.96. These outcomes confirm the effectiveness of the proposed solution in enhancing energy efficiency and reducing electrical losses in oil production processes.

Groundwater contamination threatens agricultural sustainability in hard-rock regions. This study presents a novel integration of Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering and Fuzzy Shannon Entropy for evaluating groundwater quality at a micro-watershed scale-an approach not previously applied in the Bandu sub-watershed within Purulia district, India. A total of 64 groundwater samples were collected during the post-monsoon season from dug wells, tube wells, and submersible pumps, and analysed for physicochemical parameters, major ions, and irrigation indices (SAR, MAR, PI, RSC) using standard protocols. Hydrogeochemical assessment showed that 83% of samples fall within the Ca-Mg-HCO3 facies, indicating dominant rock-water interaction. Sodium hazards were low (SAR 0.23-2.81), with most samples classified as C2S1. However, magnesium posed a major constraint, as 60% of samples exceeded the critical MAR limit, and PCA was used to extract and analyze magnesium-salinity processes. FCM clustering delineated two hydrogeochemical zones: Cluster I (64% of samples) with good irrigation suitability and Cluster II (36%) with higher salinity stress (PC = 0.866, ASW = 0.640). Entropy-based prioritization classified the watershed into high (22%), moderate (63%), and low (15%) irrigation potential zones, with a prediction accuracy of 77.3% (AUC = 0.841). The integrated fuzzy-statistical framework offers an effective decision-support tool for micro-watershed management. The findings provide actionable insights for policy formulation, including targeted soil amendment strategies, improved irrigation scheduling, and sustainable agricultural planning in magnesium-affected hard-rock terrains.

Risk assessment of uranium in groundwater surrounding the Greater Noida industrial area, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Abstract Water levels in rivers and lakes occasionally drop below the stipulated minimum required for pumping stations to extract water, posing operational challenges. In the context of submersible pumps, maintaining the manufacturer-recommended minimum submergence is imperative, as falling below this threshold can render the pumps non-operational. Operating pumps under these conditions may lead to the formation of vortices on the free surface of the bay, resulting in issues such as air ingress, heightened equipment vibrations, reduced performance, and diminished pumping flow. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of various designs intended to mitigate vortex formation on the free surface and minimize pre-rotation at the pump suction bellmouth. Experimental tests were conducted on a physical model of a standard pumping bay, designed in accordance with ANSI/HI 9.8 standards, with submergences below the recommended levels. Several strategies were explored to reduce vorticity and rotation in the bay, including a formed suction intake, a basket below the suction bellmouth, a three-blade splitter, and a semi-submerged floating grid. Rotation intensity and observed vortex types were measured using a swirl meter at the pump inlet section, along with visual observation of the free surface in the bay, both under nominal pump flow and at a flow rate 1.5 times higher. Results indicated that the formed suction intake design was the most effective in reducing vorticity and rotation, albeit requiring a higher investment. Conversely, the floating grid proved to be the most effective device in minimizing surface vortices, while also offering a cost-effective solution that can be implemented during the operational phase of the pumping station. The grid is designed to accommodate nominal flow while allowing submergence to drop to 50% of the recommended minimum without generating harmful type 3 vortices and while maintaining a swirl angle below 5°, as specified by standards. By enabling such performance, the design allows for a lower safe bay level without requiring modifications to the civil works or the pump structure.

Summary Polymer solutions are essential in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) for flooding applications but are susceptible to mechanical degradation, which severely impacts its rheological behavior. In this study, we examine the degradation of sulfonated polyacrylamide (SPAM) in a flow loop simulating an oil production system with an electrical submersible pump (ESP). The effects of the non-Newtonian fluid on ESP performance were analyzed under different operational conditions of flow rate and rotational speed. The results identified that the ESP was not the primary contributor in the tested conditions, with the globe valve differential pressure as the most relevant contributor. The ESP exhibited a significant head reduction due to the solution’s effective viscosity. However, the required shaft power remained unchanged, as strong shear rates on the impeller’s external surface reduced viscosity due to the shear-thinning behavior of the solution. A model based on the first Newtonian plateau viscosity successfully estimated ESP performance and provided the shear rates within the pump. The head losses were attributed to low shear rates in the ESP diffuser and impeller channels, which can be associated with the increment of viscosity and friction losses.

ABSTRACT In the current situation of oil fields transition to the late stages of operation, the task of reducing the power consumption of mechanized oil production facilities while maintaining production volumes is an urgent technical task. In the context of solving this problem the cyclic operation of oil wells equipped with electric submersible pumps installations (ESPI) is becoming increasingly widespread. A specificity of ESPI operation in cyclic operation is the constant change in process parameters during the cycle. This significantly complicates the calculation of planned energy consumption. For solving this problem in the completed study, a technique for calculating power consumption was developed. This technique allows determining the technological and energy parameters of the operation of ESPI equipped wells, taking into account: rheological oil parameters, changes in oil parameters along the tubing, and operating parameters of the equipment in non-nominal modes. Based on the developed technique, an assessment of the change in the flow rate and power consumption of the ESPI with frequency control and operating time changing in the cycle was performed. The calculation results show that if the pump flow rate in continuous mode is greater than the nominal one, it is not advisable to transit the ESPI to the cyclic operation: frequency increasing in continuous mode will give a greater effect. The greatest increase in the reduced flow rate was equal to 15.00% and it was achieved with a frequency 60 Hz and an operating time 24 h. The greatest reduction in the reduced specific power consumption was achieved with a frequency 53 Hz and an operating time 21 h and was 4.03%. It was found that the area of energy-efficient modes depends on the position of the pump operating point in continuous mode: when the pump operating point shifts from the right zone to the left, the area of energy-efficient mode shifts to a lower frequency and shorter operating time. The results of the study can be used at oil producing enterprises for planning technological modes and rationalizing energy costs during oil production.

The presented research examines the impact of the high viscosity factor of the pumped liquid on the performance characteristics of oil well centrifugal pumps. It aims to develop a refined semi-empirical technique for predicting the performance curves of small-sized oil submersible pumps, specifically at the working stages of a series of electrical submersible centrifugal pumps (ESPs), taking into account the influence of high rotation speeds. To solve this problem, experimental research methods were employed, and a computational-analytical approach was developed based on the fundamental laws of hydrodynamics. The article also presents scientific substantiation of the influence of the high rotation speed factor on the degree of proportionality of changes in the energy efficiency of pumping highly viscous liquids by small pump stages, using similarity laws. As a result, a calculation technique was proposed, which contains empirical coefficients determined experimentally. As a result, a comprehensive technique was developed to predict the performance characteristics of high-speed ESPs when pumping highly viscous liquids. Practical recommendations for industrial applications were also provided. Overall, the essential problem of coordinating the operational characteristics of submersible oil pumps and wells was solved by adjusting the rotation speed, thereby reducing the impact of the pumped viscous medium on the pumping parameters. Based on the research results, the operating characteristic ranges for the corresponding standard-size series submersible centrifugal oil pumps were determined, for which the developed refined technique provided reliable calculation results.

A pump driving motor is an electric motor utilized to operate water pumps. At PERUMDA Tirta Taman, Bontang City, six motors and three pumps are employed, where the submersible pump motor functions to extract raw water from wells, the feed pump transfers water to the clarifier tank, the dosing pump supplies chemical reagents, the backwash pump and root blower are used for cleaning the filtration tank, and the distribution pump delivers treated water to consumers. Field measurements show that the main protection for the submersible pump motor is a 160 A MCCB, whereas the calculated rating is 290 A. The main protection for the feed pump and backwash pump (1 and 2) in the field uses a 100 A MCCB, while calculations show 73.5 A and 72.5 A. The dosing pump motor uses a 6 A MCB in the field, with a calculated value of 3.6 A. The root blower motor utilizes a 20 A MCB in the field, while its calculated rating is 30.75 A. The distribution pumps (1 and 2) use a 125 A MCCB, whereas the calculated protection rating is 202.5 A. For the conductor sizing, a 4 × 35 mm² NYY cable is installed for the submersible motor, while its calculated ampacity is 145 A. The dosing motor uses a 3 × 2.5 mm² NYY cable with a calculated capacity of 1.8 A. The feed pump and backwash pump use a 4 × 6 mm² NYY cable, with calculated ampacities of 36.75 A and 36.25 A, respectively. The root blower uses a 4 × 2.5 mm² NYY cable with a calculated rating of 15.37 A, and the distribution pump (1 and 2) uses a 4 × 25 mm² NYY cable with a calculated rating of 101.25 A.

Comparison of the Characteristics of φ140 mm Superconducting Magnetic Bearings with Ring-shaped Permanent Magnets and Laminated Superconductors with Different Magnetization Directions for Application in Submersible Pumps

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study was to quantify the cascading effects on the pond ecology and water quality that result from mechanically harvesting large zooplankton (>250 µm) and to track the nutritional value of zooplankton over time. Methods Eight 0.04-ha ponds, containing no fish, were selected. In four ponds, a 373-W submersible pump was suspended in the water column and allowed to pump continuously for 4 d per week (treatment ponds) to collect zooplankton in 250-µm mesh bags. The other four ponds contained no submersible pump and were used as control ponds. The harvested zooplankton were subjected to proximate analyses to determine their base nutritional makeup. Weekly samples were analyzed for water quality, phytoplankton, and zooplankton. Results The nutritional value of zooplankton varied over time and was negatively influenced by ostracod abundance. There was no overall influence of treatment on water quality or total phytoplankton or zooplankton abundance; however, the effects for sampling date and the interaction of treatment and sampling date were significant. Over time, Cyanophyta continually increased in the control ponds but decreased in the treatment ponds. Chlorophyta decreased in the control ponds but slightly increased in the treatment ponds. Generally, zooplankton abundance increased throughout the summer in all the ponds. However, the treatment ponds typically had lower abundances, on average, than the control ponds. Zooplankton abundance was also much more variable in the control ponds than in the treatment ponds. Conclusion Zooplankton maintain adequate nutritional value over time as long as ostracod density remains low. The results of this study show that harvest pressure from capturing zooplankton resulted in the stabilization of the phytoplankton and zooplankton populations, particularly as the study moved further into the summer and communities were established. This shows promise as an effective method to harvest zooplankton for small-scale feed supplementation while improving the pond community by increasing Chlorophyta populations, reducing the variance in zooplankton populations, and reducing the variance and possibly the density of Cyanophyta.

The purpose of the study is to develop a technology that ensures quick, simplified, and environmentally friendly processing of fresh manure and droppings, as well as to determine the composition of the separated fractions. The research was conducted in 2023-2024 in the Stavropol Territory. There has been developed a line of technological equipment for processing fresh manure and droppings, which consists of a storage tank, a submersible homogenizer screw, a submersible pump, a press separator, a container for the solid fraction, and a container for the liquid fraction. On one side of the press separator there is an electric motor, and on the other side there is an opening with a lid on a spring for the exit of the solid fraction. As a result of the technological process, the solid fraction is collected in containers, and the liquid fraction flows through the outlet pipe into the tank for the liquid fraction. Fractions were sampled during the first 3 days from the moment of production and sent for toxicological and agrochemical studies in certified laboratories according to approved methods. As a result, it has been established that the use of a technological equipment line, the distinctive feature of which is the loading of fresh manure into a storage tank pre-filled with water in a ratio of fresh manure or droppings and water from 1.0:1.5 to 1.0:2.5 m 3 , should solve the problem of eliminating the negative impact of ballast foreign mechanical inclusions on equipment wear; reduce the hazard class of fresh manure/ droppings up to V (practically non-hazardous waste); agrochemical, bacteriological and parasitological composition of liquid and solid fractions corresponded to the requirements of GOST for organic and mineral fertilizers. The obtained liquid fraction can be immediately applied to the soil as a bioorganic fertilizer, and the solid fraction can be used as a substrate for the vital activity of earthworms or composted. In both cases, the processing time of the obtained solid fraction is reduced to one and a half or two months.

This study highlights the design, installation, and effectiveness of a comprehensive Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) system implemented at Govt. P.G. College Agastyamuni, situated in the water-scarce Rudraprayag district of Uttarakhand. The system collects and stores rainwater from the college's rooftop catchment area, utilizing a four-chamber sequential filtration process that ensures superior water quality. The filtered water is then stored in a 4000-liter tank (1000*4 tanks) and used for non-potable applications such as gardening, laundry, and sanitation. By adopting this innovative approach, the college reduces its dependence on municipal water supplies, conserves groundwater resources, and promotes sustainable water management practices. The project's success serves as a model for other educational institutions and communities in water-stressed regions, demonstrating the potential of RWH systems to enhance water security and mitigate the impacts of water scarcity. The innovative design incorporates a four-chamber sequential filtration process for superior water quality: 1. Screen Chamber: The initial tank uses a screen for preliminary water screening and is connected via a black pipe to the next stage. 2. Multigrade Filtration Chamber: This chamber employs a bed of pebbles and gravel for effective coarse filtration. 3. Activated Carbon Chamber: The water then passes (via a green pipe) into a chamber containing activated carbon, which plays a critical role in filtration by adsorbing colors, odors, and other dissolved impurities from the collected water. 4. Collection Tanks: After this multi-stage filtration process, the filtered water passes via a final green pipe into the interconnected storage tanks. Once filtration is accomplished, the collected water is ready for use. The tanks are equipped with a submersible pump for distribution. The system incorporates provisions for chemical dosing (as needed) and is designed to allow water to pass through a candle filter (post-dosing) as an added safety measure before distribution. The harvested water is effectively utilized for essential non-potable applications, including gardening, laundry washing, and washroom facilities, significantly reducing the college's dependence on municipal supplies. Monitoring results indicate that this multi-stage filtration RWH system is highly efficacious and serves as an excellent, replicable model for water security in educational institutions within water-stressed, hilly regions.

Electric Submersible Pumps (ESPs) are widely deployed in high-flowrate wells but are constrained by frequent failures and the need for rig-based interventions. This study presents the development and field validation of a rigless cable-deployed ESP (CDESP) system designed to enhance operational uptime and reduce intervention costs. The system features a corrosion-resistant metal-jacketed power cable, an inverted ESP configuration that eliminates the motor lead extension (MLE), and a vertical cable hanger spool (VCHS) for surface integration without removing the production tree. A field trial in a high-H2S well demonstrated successful rigless deployment using coiled tubing (CT), achieving over two years of continuous runtime. Post-retrieval inspection revealed minimal wear, validating the system’s mechanical durability and reusability. Operational performance demonstrated reduced non-productive time (NPT), enhanced safety, and cost savings, with deployment completed in under 24 h, compared to the typical 10–14 days for rig-based methods. The CDESP system’s compatibility with digital monitoring and its potential for redeployment across wells positions it as a transformative solution for offshore and mature field operations. These findings support the broader adoption of CDESP as a scalable, efficient, and safer alternative to conventional ESP systems.

Implementation of an extended NMPC controller integrated with nonlinear state estimators in an oil well pilot plant with electrical submersible pump installations

The utility of submersible solar irrigation pumps in accessing deeper groundwater for sustaining dry season rice cultivation in off-grid Bangladeshi haor areas

Abstract Submersible pump impellers in wastewater treatment systems are prone to severe wear due to abrasive particles and corrosive substances, leading to high maintenance costs associated with the purchase of imported spare parts. This study presents a sustainable approach to localizing impeller production through reverse engineering and 3D printing-assisted sand casting. A CAD model was generated from an existing impeller and converted into a biodegradable PLA-based 3D-printed pattern for mold fabrication. Casting trials demonstrated high-dimensional accuracy, with the cast impeller achieving a maximum diameter of 267.85 mm, only 1.2% smaller than the 3D-printed model (271.10 mm), and a cylindrical block diameter error of merely 0.14%. The use of biodegradable PLA material ensures technical performance while minimizing environmental impact. The findings confirm that this integrated approach enhances economic efficiency and supports sustainable manufacturing practices in the wastewater treatment sector, providing a viable solution for cost-effective impeller localization.