Subjective Synonym Research Articles

Abstract The alpha‐taxonomy of continental giant tortoises (Testudinidae, Titanochelon ) from the European Neogene is far from settled, which has implications for inferring their phylogenetic relationships. The diagnosis of the type species ( Titanochelon bolivari ) is dubious because it considered Titanochelon richardi as a junior subjective synonym. Here we describe a new partial skeleton (skull, partial carapace, plastron, and multiple postcranial elements) from the Late Miocene (9.4–9.1 Ma, MN10) of the Ronda Oest de Sabadell locality ROS‐D6 (Vallès‐Penedès Basin, NE Iberian Peninsula) that is assigned to T. richardi based on cranial and shell morphology. This skeleton enables a more complete assessment of the skull and postcranium of this species. On this basis, we discount the purported synonymy of T. richardi with T. bolivari and provide an emended diagnosis for the former. We also assess the phylogenetic relationships of Titanochelon species by means of standard maximum parsimony, implied weighting maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses with morphological and with combined (morphological and molecular) data. Our comparisons support T. richardi as a distinct species unambiguously recorded from the Vallès‐Penedès and the Duero basins, from MN7+8 to MN10 (Middle–Late Miocene), whereas T. bolivari appears restricted to MN5–MN6 of the Madrid Basin. Additional Iberian material ranging from MN2 to MN10 should be revised to further clarify the geographic distribution and temporal range of these species. Finally, our analyses provide a better resolved phylogeny for Titanochelon species other than Titanochelon vitodurana and support a sister‐taxon relationship between T. bolivari and T. richardi .

Eleven species of Hatschekia are recorded from the marine actinopterygian fishes of Moreton Bay, Queensland. Three of these are new to science: H. amyemmarum sp. nov. from Arothron hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Arothron nigropunctatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), H. cribbi sp. nov. from Abudefduf bengalensis (Bloch, 1787), and H. cutmorei sp. nov. from Glaucosoma scapulare Ramsay, 1881. Of these three species, only H. cribbi sp. nov. is known from both sexes. Another seven species are new to Australia: H. aigoi Izawa, 2016 from Siganus fuscescens (Houttuyn, 1782), H. bifurcata Yamaguti & Yamasu, 1959 from Diploprion bifasciatum Cuvier, 1828, H. cernae Goggio, 1905 from Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822), H. geniculata Uyeno & Nagasawa, 2013 from Arothron nigropunctatus (a new host record), H. pholas (Wilson, 1906) from Arothron stellatus (Anonymous, 1798), H. quadrata Hewitt, 1969 from Tragulichthys jaculiferus (Cuvier, 1818) and Dicotylichthys punctulatus Kaup, 1885 (the latter being a new host record), and H. shari Uyeno & Ali, 2013 from Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775) and L. laticaudis Alleyne & MacLeay, 1877 in Moreton Bay (with the latter being a new host record). This species also occurred on L. nebulosus in New Caledonia. In addition, H. difficilis Kabata, 1991 is reported for the second time from its type host, Scarus ghobban Forsskål, 1775. Males are described for the first time for H. quadrata and H. pholas, and the importance of the males in taxonomy and in analysing relationships is discussed. Hatschekia flatti Uma Devi & Shyamasundari, 1980 is recognised as a junior subjective synonym of the distinctive H. cernae.

The predominately Asian bagworm moth genera Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore are reported from Australia for the first time. In this country each genus is represented by a new and endemic species; Mahasena inornata Beaver sp. nov., and Manatha prolixa Beaver sp. nov., both from far northern Queensland. The taxonomic determinations made herein are based upon morphological examination and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Examination of the primary type specimen of the type species of the genus Claniades Bethune-Baker syn. nov., along with the sequencing of conspecifics from New Guinea, indicates that this genus is a junior subjective synonym of Mahasena, and its single species C. ekeikei Bethune-Baker is here treated as Mahasena ekeikei comb. nov. accordingly. Various literature records of M. corbetti Tams from New Guinea and the Bismark Archipelago are considered misattributions of M. ekeikei. In addition, we treat Psyche assamica Watt as nomen dubium, and reinstate Manatha scotopepla stat. reinst. as a valid species.

The Eastern Afromontane region of Africa is characterized by striking levels of endemism and species richness accompanied by significant conservation threat, a pattern typical across biodiversity hotspots composed of highly fragmented forested highlands (sky islands). Based on the extensive study material of representatives of the subgenus Silpha Linnaeus, 1758, we recognized that hidden diversity this group occurs in the Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot (EABH). Despite the unavailability of molecular data, we tried to reconstruct the phylogeny of Afrotropical Silpha species using cladistic analysis based on morphological data. The four Afrotropical species of Silpha form a clade. Taxonomic revision of the subgenus Silpha in the Afrotropical Region is provided. Silpha chelinda Sommer, Rika & Barclay, sp. nov. from northern Malawi is described and illustrated. Silpha lata Portevin, 1920 is assigned into the Afrotropical fauna, the stated type locality of Nias Island, Malaysia is probably based on wrong labelling. Silpha francoisi Dierkens, 2020 from Tanzania is redescribed and an additional material is listed. Finally, S. capicola Pringuey, 1888, with two junior subjective synonyms, S. punctulata Olivier, 1790 and S. peringueyi Portevin, 1922, is redescribed and illustrated. Silpha punctulata Olivier, 1790 is considered as junior primary homonym of S. punctulata Gmelin, 1790. A key to the Afrotropical species of the genus Silpha is provided. Distribution of all four taxa is summarized and mapped.

Angilia Stål, 1865 is one of three genera of the subfamily Veliinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae) from the Eastern Hemisphere and is distributed in sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, and Southeast Asia. Currently, 23 species and five subspecies are known and the genus is divided into two subgenera: Angilia (Angilia) Stål, 1865 and A. (Adriennella) Poisson, 1942. We present here the descriptions of two new species from Africa: A. (An.) morogoron. sp., from Tanzania, and A. (Ad.) igniventrisn. sp., from Madagascar. In addition, we propose A. (An.) albidotincta ugandensis Poisson, 1955 as a junior subjective synonym of A. (An.) a. albidotincta (Stål, 1855); A. (An.) kaokoveldi Poisson, 1958a as a junior objective synonym and junior homonym of A. (An.) kaokoveldi Poisson, 1957; A. (An.) albidotincta kaokoveldi Poisson, 1958b as a junior subjective synonym and junior homonym of A. (An.) kaokoveldi Poisson, 1957; A. (An.) collarti Poisson, 1958a as a junior objective synonym and junior homonym of A. (An.) collarti Poisson, 1957; transfer Angilia perplexa Poisson, 1942 from the subgenus Adriennella to Angilia s. str.; and provide morphological notes and illustrations for the following species: A. (An.) aeterna Hoberlandt, 1946, A. (An.) albidotincta, A. (An.) ambakakae Poisson, 1952, A. (An.) congoensis Poisson, 1950, A. (An.) kaokoveldi, A. (An.) rhodesiensis Poisson, 1955, A. (Ad.) anderseni Zettel & Hecher, 1998, A. (Ad.) bertrandi Poisson, 1963, A. (Ad.) bispinosa Andersen, 1981, A. (Ad.) conradsi Poisson, 1950, A. (Ad.) orientalis Andersen, 1981, A. (Ad.) philippiensis Drake & Hoberlandt, 1953, and A. (Ad.) schoutedeni schoutedeni Poisson, 1942. We also designate lectotypes for three species and present a checklist and key to the species.

The taxonomy of the African geometrid genus Zerenopsis C. &. R. Felder, 1874, placed in the subfamily Ennominae and tribe Diptychini (cycad moths), is revised. Based on a detailed comparison of morphological characters, Diptychis C. &. R. Felder, 1874 and Paraptychodes Warren, 1894 are placed as junior subjective synonyms of Zerenopsis C. &. R. Felder, 1874 (syn. n.). Consequently, five new species combinations (comb. n.) are proposed: Zerenopsis geometrina (C. &. R. Felder, 1874), Zerenopsis meraca (Prout, 1928), Zerenopsis kedar (Druce, 1896), Zerenopsis tenuis (Butler, 1878) and Zerenopsis costimaculata (Prout, 1913). Two new species are described: Zerenopsis moi Staude & Sihvonen (sp. n.) from Mozambique and Zerenopsis flavimaculata Staude & Sihvonen (sp. n.) from Malawi, raising the total number of species in the genus Zerenopsis from one to eight. The constituent species are diagnosable by morphological characters, particularly by facies and genetic COI data, whereas the male and female genitalia are rather uniform and less diagnostic. The life histories of Z. lepida (Walker, 1854), Z. moi and Z. costimaculata and the final-instar larvae of Z. geometrina and Z. tenuis are described. All known larvae are aposematic, feed on cycads during the early stages of their life cycle and accept other, unrelated plants in later instars. Zerenopsis adults are aposematic and diurnal. Lek behaviour is described for Z. lepida, Z. tenuis and Z. moi, and evidence is presented that it also occurs in other Zerenopsis species. This mating strategy is potentially unique among Geometridae. The androconial organs of the males are described and illustrated as forming a ‘pheromone pocket’ whose development is related to the lek behaviour. Information on habitat, distribution, conservation status and genetics is provided for the majority of the species. Diagnostic characters of the adults, including of the male and female genitalia where known, are described for all species.

The taxonomy ofRapalaMoore, 1881 in Nepal remains problematic due to historical misidentifications, taxonomic reclassifications, and the absence of comprehensive identification keys. This study reviewsRapalaspecies documented in Nepal based on field observations by the authors, available citizen science data, literature review, and museum specimens. A total of 13Rapalaspecies are recognized from Nepal under current taxonomy. The historical taxonomic confusion betweenRapala rectivitta (Moore, 1879) andR. rosaceade Nicville, [1889], in Nepal is discussed, withR. rosacea, having previously been considered asR. rectivitta,formally recognized in Nepals butterfly fauna for the first time. Additionally, new evidence ofR. rectivittafrom Nepal is provided. The taxonomic status ofR. huangiNakamura & Seki, 2017 is reaffirmed as valid, warranting its inclusion in Nepals faunal list. It is also documented for the first time from NE India. The status ofR. hinomaruFujioka, 1970 is revised; we propose it as a junior subjective synonym ofR. nissa(Kollar, [1844]), syn. nov. To facilitate species identification, images of live and spread specimens of all the documentedRapalaspecies in Nepal are provided, along with images of male and female genitalia and dichotomous keys.

Temnothorax is one of the largest ant genera, with most taxa described from the Mediterranean. The western Mediterranean Temnothorax algiricus complex (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) is a well-defined lineage of dark-reddish arboreal species, whose taxonomy has never been comprehensively addressed. We conducted a comprehensive taxonomic revision using quantitative morphological analysis complemented by qualitative observations to clarify the systematic relationships within this group. Our analysis of 13 previously described taxa reveals only three valid species: T. algiricus (Forel, 1894), T. atlantis (Santschi, 1911), and T. trabutii (Forel, 1894). We establish several new synonymies: Leptothorax angustulus brunea Santschi, 1918, Leptothorax gazella Santschi, 1932, Leptothorax gazella monticola Santschi, 1932, Temnothorax mediterraneus Ward, Brady, Fisher, & Schultz, 2014, and Temnothorax atlantis veneris Galkowski & Cagniant, 2017 are considered junior subjective synonyms of T. algiricus. Leptothorax kiudiria Espadaler, 1997, Leptothorax angustulus silvanus (Forel, 1907), Temnothorax atlantis suturalis Galkowski & Cagniant, 2017, and Temnothorax continentalis Galkowski & Cagniant, 2017 are synonymized under T. atlantis. Leptothorax lindbergi Santschi, 1931 is considered a synonym of T. trabutii. Leptothorax convexus timida Santschi, 1912 is a junior synonym of Temnothorax convexus (Forel, 1894), and excluded from the complex. This revision resolves the oversplit nomenclature characteristic of North African myrmecology and establishes taxonomic consistency with European classifications. Our quantitative morphology-based framework provides the foundation for future integrative taxonomic studies investigating intraspecific variation and potential cryptic diversity within this ecologically important ant lineage.

Two new species of Capsalidae (Benedeniinae) are described from snappers (Lutjanidae) occurring in the western Pacific Ocean: Metabenedeniella bracteola n. sp. from the blubberlip snapper, Lutjanus rivulatus, collected off Lizard Island, Queensland, Australia, and Metabenedeniella duplohelix n. sp. from the mangrove red snapper, Lutjanus argentimaculatus, from off Nouméa, New Caledonia. Clarification of the nomenclature of Metabenedeniella and its type species is provided: Metabenedeniella Yamaguti, 1958. represents the valid name of the genus and Metabenedeniella hoplognathi Yamaguti, 1958, its type species. The type species is a junior subjective synonym of Epibdella (Benedenia) hoplognathi Yamaguti, 1942 [now Metabenedeniella hoplognathi (Yamaguti, 1942) Yamaguti, 1963, the valid taxonomic name of the species].

One hundred and eighty-one genera of dorsally punctate Mirini (Hemiptera: Heteropteran: Miridae: Mirinae) and related taxa of the World are keyed and diagnosed, a list of included species and references to species key(s) when available are provided, as well as data about species distribution, biology and host association(s). Habitus in dorsal and lateral views and morphological details of numerous species are illustrated. Two new genera are described: Neodagbertus gen. nov. and Pseudodagbertus gen. nov. to accommodate six species originally classified within Dagbertus Distant, 1904 and Eubatas Distant, 1884. Montanorthops Ghauri, 1978 status reinstated is upgraded to genus level. Nasutimiris Odhiambo, 1960 status revised is considered as subgenus of Buettneriella Poppius, 1912a. Three new synonymies are established: Buettneriella Poppius, 1912a = Kiambura China, 1936 new junior subjective synonym, Thania Poppius, 1915a = Fangumellus Yasunaga, Oh & Lee, 2016 new junior subjective synonym and Henicocnemis amazonica Carvalho & Costa, 1993c = H. egeri Carvalho & Costa, 1994b new junior subjective synonym. The following new combinations are published: Buettneriella aias (Linnavuori, 1974a) comb. nov., B. bifurcata (Linnavuori, 1974a) comb. nov., B. coffeae (China, 1936) comb. nov., B. kleis (Linnavuori, 1974a) comb. nov., B. (Nasutimiris) politus (Odhiambo, 1960d) comb. nov. [all transferred from Kiambura], Neodagbertus bahianus (Carvalho, 1975a) comb. nov., N. diamantinus (Carvalho, 1984) comb. nov., N. froeschneri (Carvalho, 1985f) comb. nov., N. insignis (Carvalho, 1977a) comb. nov. [all transferred from Dagbertus], Pseudodagbertus amapaensis (Carvalho, 1988a) comb. nov. [transferred from Dagbertus], P. lombardensis (Carvalho & Costa, 1991) comb. nov. [transferred from Eubatas], Sabactus nakainaensis (Carvalho, 1987a) comb. nov. [transferred from Prolygus Carvalho, 1987a], Thania flavobadia (Yasunaga, Oh & Lee, 2016) comb. nov. [transferred from Fangumellus], and Tropidosteptes chiriquina (Carvalho, 1986b) comb. nov. [transferred from Chrysodasia Reuter, 1892]. Tinginotopsis javanensis Hsiao, 1944 comb. reinstated is again classified in the genus in which it was originally described. Chilocrates patulus (Walker, 1873) and Pseudodagbertus lombardensis are cited for the first time respectively from Vietnam and French Guiana, Zalmunna dux Distant, 1909 being cited for the first time from Cambodia and from Papua New Guinea. Finally, the subtribal classification and the validity of Lygus complex are discussed. Four synonymies are established at subtribal level: Capsaria Burmeister, 1835 = Horistaria Van Duzee, 1916a = Dionconotaria Reuter, 1910 = Miraria Hahn, 1833 new subjective synonyms.

Kalligramma haeckeli Walther, 1904, the type species of the genus, is re-described based on the holotype. We find that its hind wing CuP is deeply forked. Based on this and other shared character states, Kalligrammula Handlirsch, 1919, syn. nov., and Limnogramma Ren, 2003, syn. nov., are considered subjective synonyms of Kalligramma Walther, 1904, and Oregrammatinae a synonym of Kalligrammatinae, syn. nov. The Kalligrammatinae now include Kalligramma, Sinokalligramma Zhang, 2003, Oregramma Ren, 2003, sit. nov., Abrigramma Yang et al., 2014b, sit. nov., and probably Makarkinia Martins-Neto, 1992. Only four subfamilies are well defined and valid in Kalligrammatidae, i.e., Kalligrammatinae, Liassopsychopinae, Sophogrammatinae, and Kallihemerobiinae. The kalligrammatid affiliation of Cretanallachiinae and the validity of Meioneurinae are questionable.

We treat five species of Leucania Ochsenheimer, 1816 originally described in Cirphis Walker, [1865, p. 623] by Draudt (1924), whose name-bearing types were destroyed in the bombing during World War II. These species are Cirphis biforis Draudt, 1924, C. macellaria Draudt, 1924, C. clara Draudt, 1924, C. opalisans Draudt, 1924, and C. carnea Draudt, 1924. We make the latter three species objective synonyms of Leucania multipunctata Druce, 1889. A neotype is designated for Cirphis biforis Draudt, 1924 and its original description is provided. Cirphis macellaria is recognized as a subjective synonym of L. clarescens Möschler, 1890. A total of eleven synonyms are proposed: four Draudt objective synonyms and seven additional synonymies for Central American Leucania species. Lectotypes are designated for Cirphis pyrastis Hampson, 1905 and C. seteci Dyar, 1914. Illustrations of the imago, valvae, everted endophallus, and bursa copulatrix are provided for L. biforis (Draudt, 1924), L. multipunctata Druce, 1889, L. pyrastis (Hampson, 1905), and L. sarcistis (Hampson, 1905). Photographs of the types of L. extenuata Guenée, 1852 and L. infatuans are provides. New character states of the forewing and genitalia are described. A list of nomenclatorial changes is provided.

Macropetalichthys rapheidolabis Norwood and Owen, 1846 (Placodermi: Petalichthyida), type species of Macropetalichthys Norwood and Owen, 1846, was based on a single cranial roof from the Devonian of southeastern Indiana. Poor preservation, and later destruction, of the holotype has complicated subsequent studies. J.S. Newberry (1873) redefined Macropetalichthys using remains from the Devonian of Ohio. A neotype for M. rapheidolabis, from the Delaware Limestone (Middle Devonian, Eifelian) of Columbus, Ohio, is designated from Newberry’s studied specimens. The genus Agassichthys Newberry, 1857 was erected to receive two species: A. sullivanti Newberry, 1857 and A. manni Newberry, 1857. Newberry (1889) designated a lectotype for A. sullivanti from the Columbus Limestone (Middle Devonian, Eifelian) of Columbus, Ohio; once thought lost, it has been rediscovered. Agassichthys sullivanti is designated as the type species of the genus. A lectotype for A. manni Newberry, 1857, is selected from among the syntypes collected from the Delaware Limestone (Middle Devonian, Eifelian) of Delaware, Ohio. Agassichthys is a junior subjective synonym of Macropetalichthys. With a neotype of M. rapheidolabis on which to directly base taxonomic comparisons, A. sullivanti and A. manni are considered junior subjective synonyms.

Currently, all Australian and New Zealand weak-veined Lasioglossum Curtis 1883 species are placed in the subgenus Austrevylaeus Michener 1965 which has L. sordidum (Smith 1853), a New Zealand species, as the type species. A comparative analysis was conducted for Austrevylaeus against three Northern Hemisphere weak-veined subgenera Evylaeus Robertson 1902b, Hemihalictus Cockerell 1897 and Sphecodogastra Ashmead 1899. This resulted in a reclassification of the Australian weak-veined Lasioglossum fauna with three new subgenera erected: Cnephalictus new subgenus, Enigmalictus new subgenus and Evyloides new subgenus and Austrevylaeus is now restricted to the New Zealand species. Diagnoses are provided for the Australian and New Zealand weak-veined subgenera. All Australian species are described, in some cases with one sex for the first time. In addition, citation lists, type designations, type depositories, synonymy lists, diagnoses, distribution maps, SEMs of female inner metatibial spurs, montage images (specimen and male genitalia), examined material, etymologies of species names and comments on taxonomy and floral visitations are presented. Keys to both sexes for Australian and New Zealand species are provided. The New Zealand weak-veined Lasioglossum fauna contains three species: subgenus AustrevylaeusL. mataroa Donovan 2007, L. maunga Donovan 2007 and L. sordidum. The Australian weak-veined Lasioglossum fauna contains 11 species. Valid, new taxa and new synonyms include: subgenus CnephalictusL. amber new species, L. bernhardti new species, L. contaminatum (Cockerell 1910a) and L. lorienae new species; subgenus EnigmalictusL. blighi (Cockerell 1915) (junior subjective synonym is Halictus pertasmaniae Rayment 1953 new synonymy), L. disclusum (Cockerell 1914) (junior subjective synonym is H. pertribuarius Rayment 1935 new synonymy), L. excelsum new species, L. exoneuroides (Rayment 1953) (junior subjective synonym is H. portlandensis Rayment 1953 new synonymy), L. melanurus (Cockerell 1919) and L. rufibasis (Cockerell 1923); subgenus EvyloidesL. ewarti (Cockerell 1910a). A re-evaluation of the number of subgenera and species included in the world-wide Lasioglossum strong-veined and weak-veined series is presented. Examination of specimens in the Bishop Museum revealed the first known specimen and new species of a weak-veined Lasioglossum from West Papua (Indonesia) with an elongated head lengthL. oblongulum new species. The head elongation and subgeneric placement of this species are discussed.

The whereabouts of the types of the six species of Sri Lankan cypriniform fishes described by Pieter Bleeker in 1863 have long remained unknown. These specimens are now reported from the collection of the Naturalis Biodiversity Centre in Leiden, the Netherlands. Here we provide meristic and morphometric data on (as well as photographs of) the type specimens in this collection. These include the three syntypes of Garra ceylonensis, the holotype of Systomus pleurotaenia, the holotype of Devario micronema, one of the three syntypes of Devario lineolatus, and the three syntypes of Schistura notostigma. The five syntypes of Plesiopuntius bimaculatus, though present, are in a very poor state. Devario lineolatus (Bleeker), for which the replacement name D. monticola has previously been proposed, is a junior subjective synonym of D. malabaricus (Jerdon). Devario micronema is the species that occurs in the lowlands of south-western Sri Lanka. An examination of the three syntypes of Schistura notostigma shows it to be distinct from S. madhavai and S. scripta.

Examination of type specimens of Aleyrodes errans Bemis, 1904, A. dorseyi Kotinsky, 1907 (replacement name for A. quaintancei Bemis, 1904), and A. splendens Bemis, 1904 and comparison with a large series of specimens of Tetraleurodes mori (Quaintance, 1899) (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae) confirms that the first four names represent new junior subjective synonyms of the latter species, since their types do not differ from it in any significant way and display the combination of diagnostic characters that identifies that species.

The widespread but endemic mud turtle species Kinosternon integrum Le Conte, 1854 currently ranges throughout most of Mexico, from southern Sonora in the northwest to and through western, central and southern Mexico at least to eastern Oaxaca. Broad and convincing evidence indicates that Kinosternon integrum actually represents a taxonomically complicated species complex; however, as the holotype has allegedly been lost for more than a sesquicentennial and the specimen’s original collection locality data is lacking, a comprehensive systematic revision of the original concept of the species is required before convincing taxonomic subdivision of the complex can proceed. In this contribution we designate a neotype specimen, drawing from the species junior subjective synonym Cinosternon rostellum Bocourt, 1876 and subsequent junior objective synonym Cinosternon guanajuatense Dugès, 1888. We review nomenclatural history and application, argue for the ambit of locality data of the lost holotype collected during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) and provide a sensu-stricto morphological redescription of, K. integrum based on the museum accessioned and living specimens documented throughout the range. Even though this study now confines its distribution to the majority of states within central Mexico, K. integrum retains its honorific of the most vagile and widely distributed mud turtle in the country.

Abstract The weevil genus Nipponosphadasmus Morimoto, 1959 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderitae), is a rarely collected, Shikoku Island (Japan) endemic lineage that has remained unstudied since its description. Here, we use X-ray μCT to dissect Nipponosphadasmus type material and also examine newly procured nontype material. Our dissections revealed complete reduction in the hindwings, an extremely rare example of flightlessness in the supertribe Conoderitae (approx. 2,200 species). Although species in Conoderitae are especially recognized as charismatic, strong, arboreal fliers with some species even mimicking flies, the flightless genus Nipponosphadasmus represents a novel shift away from the habits that characterize the group. Furthermore, collection data of the newly procured specimens and original type specimens suggest higher elevation, montane habitat preferences in Nipponosphadasmus. Flight loss is frequently observed in mountain-dwelling lineages across the insect orders, and the higher elevation habitat preferences of Nipponosphadasmus may have played a role in the evolution of hindwing reduction in this species as well. Traditional morphological examination of type material and the newly procured specimens also support N. yanoi Morimoto, 1959 syn. nov. as a new junior subjective synonym of N. coxalis Morimoto, 1959. To facilitate future molecular identification of Nipponosphadasmus, we publish the first DNA (CO1) barcodes for the genus.

Abstract From re-examination of the type and additional specimens of Munida nishioi Karasawa, 1993 and Kazuoia ogaensis Hatai and Kotaka, 1970 from the Miocene deposits of Japan, both species are assigned to Grimothea Leach, 1821 [1820] of the squat lobster family Munididae Ahyong et al.,2010. The revised diagnosis and description are given for Grimothea nishioi (Karasawa, 1993) new combination and Grimothea ogaensis (Hatai and Kotaka, 1970) new combination. The monotypic genus Kazuoia Hatai and Kotaka, 1970 becomes a junior subjective synonym of Grimothea. Trapezionida chiyoensis new species is described from the lower Miocene of central Japan. These species represent the first records of Grimothea and Trapezionida Macpherson and Baba in Machordom et al.,2022 recognized as fossils. UUID: http://zoobank.org/5917b8a9-2c16-443f-a64f-964cb78fce16

Anhelita aphanes Wolfrum, 1959 and Anhelita brevipes Wolfrum, 1961 are here placed in the genus Sintor Schoenherr, 1839. Anhelita distans Wolfrum, 1959 is considered a senior subjective synonym of Lemurisintor longiclava Frieser, 1981, but Lemurisintor Frieser, 1981 is retained as a valid genus. New generic combinations and a new synonymy are proposed as follows: Sintor aphanes (Wolfrum, 1959) comb. nov., Sintor brevipes (Wolfrum, 1961) comb. nov., Lemurisintor distans (Wolfrum, 1959) comb. nov. (= Lemurisintor longiclava Frieser, 1981 syn. nov.). Lectotypes are designated for Anhelita lineata Jordan, 1895 and Anhelita unicarinata Wolfrum, 1959. A key to the previously confused genera Anhelita Jordan, 1895, Lemurisintor and Sintor Schoenherr, 1839, and colour macro-photographs of the types of Anhelita and Lemurisintor, and all Madagascan species of Sintor, are provided. Male and female terminalia are described for a representative species of each of Anhelita and Sintor. New data on the distribution of species of these three genera are presented.