Subjective Grading Research Articles

Catching up after COVID-19: do school programs for remediating pandemic-related learning loss work?

IntroductionCOVID-19 had a major impact on education, resulting in learning losses among students. The Dutch ministry set-up a subsidy for schools to implement catch-up programs in tackling learning losses. In this study, we examine (a) which students participated in the programs, and (b) effectiveness of these programs in remediating learning losses in secondary school students.MethodsSixteen program in eight secondary schools were analyzed using data of 16,675 students (9,784 individual students; 1,336 participating in a catch-up program). Schools implemented three program types: tutoring, homework support, and general skills. Per school, a difference-in-difference design was used, computing two effect sizes: comparing grades of participating and non-participating students; and grades in tutoring-specific subjects to non-tutored subject (specifically for tutoring programs). Effect sizes were combined using meta-analytic regressions in JASP.ResultsAt program onset, students selected for participation had significantly lower overall grades than non-participants, or – for subject-specific tutoring – lower grades specifically in the tutored subject. Tutoring programs significantly increased students’ grades: with higher grades for participants than non-participants, and – for students receiving subject-specific tutoring - higher grades in tutored subjects compared to those in non-tutored subjects. No significant effects were found for homework support and general study skill programs.ConclusionSchools selected students most in need for catch-up programs. Tutoring interventions seemed to remediate part of secondary school students’ learning losses, whereas general skills programs and homework support programs did not. Large between-school heterogeneity was found, implying that program implementation was at least as important as program type and content.

IDENTIFIKASI GANGGUAN BELAJAR ANAK USIA KELAS BAWAH SEKOLAH DASAR

The aim of this research is to describe the problem of learning disorders in children in the lower grades of elementary school and identify the learning and communication behavior of these children. The research method used is qualitative research with teachers, school principals, and parents as primary and secondary informants. Data collection through interviews observations and documentation studies. The validity of the data used is a triangulation of sources and techniques and data analysis techniques using interactive qualitative data analysis using the Cresswel model, which uses reduction, display, and verification stages. The results of this study show that lower-class children's learning disorders consist of difficulty reading and barriers to children's verbal communication. This problem was experienced by five lower-class students (grades 1 and 2 of elementary school). The learning disorders experienced by Ss, Dd, Gg, DBP, and DLS children vary in the form of difficulties and obstacles in the form of difficulty reading, barriers to verbal communication, and impaired concentration. Based on the results of identification through interviews and observations, the behavior shown by the object of this research is difficulty communicating verbally during presentations, difficulty expressing opinions, difficulty reading discussion results, difficulty working in groups because they have not been able to complete their part of the assignment and difficulty understanding teacher instructions regarding technical work. group. Based on documentation studies, it shows that the learning outcomes of the five children have poor grades in Indonesian and Natural Sciences subjects.

Abstract C118: Racial disparities in insurance coverage for supplemental breast cancer screening

Abstract Introduction and Purpose: Women with dense breasts have increased risk both for developing breast cancer and false-negative mammograms. Supplemental screening with breast MRI has been shown to shown to significantly increase cancer detection among women with dense breasts. In May 2023, Pennsylvania (PA) mandated insurance coverage of one supplemental screening study (breast MRI or ultrasound ) annually for women with dense breasts. Prior research suggests that Black women have lower breast density on average than white women based on subjective grading from the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System (BI-RADS), partially due to larger average breast size and higher body mass index (BMI) than white women. The purpose of this study was to estimate the potential impact of this supplemental screening law on different patient populations in a large health system. Methods: Women without prior breast cancer or known BRCA1/2 mutations who underwent mammographic screening at a large PA health system from April 2015-December 2017and completed a risk factor questionnaire were included (N=83,579). Under PA law, women must have either heterogeneously dense breasts plus >20% lifetime risk of breast cancer or extremely dense breasts to be eligible for insurance coverage for supplemental screening, both of which involve subjectively graded breast measurements. Breast cancer risk for each patient was estimated using the Gail model. The cancer detection rate (CDR) for mammographic screening was calculated as the number of cancers diagnosed within one year of a positive mammographic screen; the interval cancer rate was calculated as the number of cancers diagnosed within one year of a non-actionable screening mammogram per 1000 women. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds of eligibility adjusted for age and BMI. Results: Black women were less likely to have extremely or heterogeneously dense breasts than white women (23.7% vs. 45.0%, p<0.001). Under PA law, 2.5% of Black women and 9.9% of white women would qualify for insurance coverage for supplemental screening (p<0.001). Only 0.2% of Black women and 2.3% of white women had heterogeneously dense breasts and >20% lifetime risk. Black women were more likely to have triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) than white women (p<0.001). After adjusting for age and BMI, Black women remained 54% less likely to be eligible for supplemental screening than white women (OR=0.46, 95% 0.42-0.51, p<0.001).Conclusions: Black women are less likely to qualify for insurance coverage for supplemental breast cancer screening than white women under PA law. Given that Black women have lower prevalence of subjectively graded dense breasts and higher prevalence of TNBC, the new supplemental screening law is unlikely to meaningfully reduce racial disparities in breast cancer mortality. Methods to better assess breast cancer risk among Black women, particularly the risk of TNBC, are urgently needed to identify Black women that may benefit from supplemental screening. Citation Format: Mattia A. Mahmoud, Sarah Ehsan, Oluwadamilola M. Fayanju, Susan M. Domchek, Katherine L. Nathanson, Despina Kontos, Emily F. Conant, Anne Marie McCarthy. Racial disparities in insurance coverage for supplemental breast cancer screening [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr C118.

여자고등학생의 심폐소생술 관련 지식수준 및 교육실태 조사

The knowledge level and educational experience of high school students on CPR, which can contribute to saving more lives and increasing the survival rate of cardiac arrest patients by applying CPR when students face cardiac arrest patients, was grasped. This study was attempted to provide basic data for policy establishment that includes the contents of CPR in the high school curriculum in the future.
 Convenience sampling was conducted on 129 female high school students attending Y girls' high school located in G region and C city, and the survey was conducted from November 1 to November 30, 2021. A structured questionnaire consisting of 3 questions for general characteristics, 1 question for subjective awareness of CPR knowledge, 8 questions related to CPR knowledge, and 16 questions related to grasping CPR educational experience was used. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA analysis were applied to the final 120 responses using SPSS WIN 25.0.
 The female high school students scored an average of 5.57 points out of 8 points, and their knowledge of basic life support was moderate. Looking at the results of knowledge about CPR by item, the minimum correct answer rate was higher than 60.0% for 7 out of 8 items, but the breathing check method was the lowest at 9.2%. 96.7% of the students received training on CPR. As for the place where they were educated, school was 95.7%, student group activities (clubs) 7.8%, and fire station 3.4%. The total number of times of training was 3 times or more, 47.4%, 1 time, 34.5%, and the total training time was 3 hours or more, 48.2%. If education is opened in the future, schools (46.7%), Korea Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Association (27.5%), and fire stations (13.3%) were the preferred educational institutions. The difference in CPR knowledge according to the subject's grade, religion, and the presence or absence of heart disease among family or friends was not statistically significant.
 When integrating the results of this study and previous studies, it was confirmed that the students' ability to use CPR and the use of an automatic defibrillator was at a low level, although CPR education was being conducted in schools due to the revision of the School Health Act in 2014, and countermeasures are needed. In particular, it is necessary to prepare improvement methods such as strengthening practical education. It is necessary to clarify first aid education regulations such as CPR for students, expand CPR practice including AED practice, expand supply of AED and CPR manikin for practice, and strengthen education capacity of health teachers. And continuous repetitive education should be conducted according to the CPR guidelines that are revised every 5 years.

Supporting students and educators in using generative artificial intelligence

The use of generative artificial intelligence (genAI) in university settings is a current topic of debate, with a range of viewpoints regarding the extent to which these tools should be used by students (Ahmad et al., 2023) and the potential applications of genAI tools in higher education (Yu & Guo, 2023). Concerns have also been raised regarding the potential student misuse of genAI tools, and the ability of these tools to score a passing grade in some university subjects (Nikolic et al., 2023). RMIT University’s position is that we must build the capability in our students to engage with AI as part of the current and future requirements of work. The RMIT units responsible for academic quality and for education innovation have created a set of statements that educators can choose from when designing assessment tasks. These statements include there being no restrictions on the use of genAI tools in the assessment task, that genAI tools can be used with limitations, or that genAI tools cannot be used. If students are permitted to use genAI tools in assessment tasks, they must appropriately acknowledge and reference the use of these tools and their outputs. In the library, we were tasked with creating citing and referencing guidelines for AI-generated content for each of the styles used at our institution, including APA 7th, IEEE, Chicago 17th and AGLC4. A challenge of this project was that there was either no specific genAI referencing advice provided by the style manual editors, or the advice was limited to a specific tool, e.g. ChatGPT in the case of APA 7th (McAdoo, 2023) and Chicago 17th (The Chicago Manual of Style Online, n.d.). We adapted the existing style advice for referencing software for the APA 7th, Harvard, Chicago 17th, and IEEE styles, the advice for referencing internet sources for Vancouver, and the advice for referencing personal correspondence for AGLC 4. We created referencing guidelines for both AI-generated text and images, as well as when genAI was used for background research. We also incorporated current Australian copyright advice into these guidelines, in which authorship can only be granted to human creators, and so the creator of the tool was used as the author rather than the tool itself. These guidelines are housed in a subject guide (RMIT, 2023) which has received more than 17,000 views between February and July 2023. We also updated our Academic Integrity Awareness (AIA) microcredential to include educative information about genAI tools. We included guidance relating to the inaccurate information and ethical concerns in some of the current tools, as well as placing these tools within the overall context of academic integrity. This microcredential is used as a component of assessment tasks in many disciplines across our institution. These resources assist students in maintaining academic integrity when using genAI tools in their learning, and when using genAI in their future careers, as they reinforce the central requirement that the work of others (including work that is AI-generated) is appropriately acknowledged. These resources will continue to be updated as genAI tools evolve and become more widely used within learning.

Analysis of Misuse of Eyd in Elementary School Students of SD Negeri Sangiang Jaya

Education is a process, namely the process of maturing students. This process is carried out by educators consciously and responsibly. Children who have difficulty in one or more of these difficulties usually have low achievement and grades in certain subjects. Research Focus, determining what factors cause students to have difficulty writing EYD, especially the use of capital letters, periods and commas, students' problems in using EYD (capital letters, periods, commas), problem formulation based on the background of the problem So the formulation of the problem in the research is, what difficulties do students have in using EYD, how many mistakes do students make in writing narrative essays in accordance with EYD, research objectives In accordance with the problem formulation that has been determined, the objectives to be achieved in this research namely, describing what factors cause students to have difficulty writing EYD, describing what mistakes students make in using EYD.

Exploration of Primary School English Innovative Homework Design Strategies in the Context of “Double Reduction” From a Multi-Dimensional Perspective

The General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council have issued the Opinions on Further Reducing the Burden of Homework and Off-Campus Training for Students in Compulsory Education, proposing ways to comprehensively reduce the excessive academic burden on students and make homework assignments more scientific and reasonable. Since the promulgation and implementation of the Double Reduction policy, schools and educators have been exploring new modes of homework management, so it is urgent and necessary to conduct related research. This study proposes strategies for optimizing the after-school English homework in the upper elementary grades in multiple subjects from multiple perspectives. Schools should strengthen guidance management training and clarify teachers’ responsibilities; teachers should improve their homework management skills in three aspects: awareness, homework design forms, and homework evaluation; students should improve their homework self-management awareness and ability; and parents should do a good job at home of monitoring and motivating their children.

Enhancement of private schools for collaboration to address gender equity gap of STEM education: Case study in Mbeya city of Tanzania

Investment in education to guarantee gender equity in most developing countries has focused on modern teaching pedagogy, teaching and learning facilities, cultural issues and the likes. However, performance in private schools do set learnable examples of which if not ignored, a nation in question may take lessons and improve gender equity in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education. Private secondary schools may serve as on way to enrich girls' enrolment in STEM for future career opportunities by scoring qualifiable grades in STEM subjects, provided that education investment environment not only favors public schools but also be in favor of private schools. In the study conducted in Mbeya city of Tanzania, the author investigated 58 secondary schools of which 32 were private schools. From these schools 7936 candidates sat for Certificate of Secondary Education Examination (CSEE) of 2022 in Mbeya city. 2232 candidates were from private schools. The analysis indicated that more girls with a potential to enter into STEM education came from private schools, and it is about twice the number of girls from public schools regardless of more girls candidates from public schools. Chi-square testing of pass in STEM subjects between boys and girls verified that performance in private schools had no gender equity gap between boys and girls. On the other hand, boys outperformed girls in public schools. Moreover, an estimation of 2202 candidates of which 999 were girls had at least a minimum pass in basic mathematics. Private schools contributed 626 (63%) of passes in basic mathematics. Thus, appropriate collaboration with private schools might revamp not only girls’ enrolment but also clear gender equity gap in performance of STEM subjects if policy makers in education investment can do more improvement in the environment for education investment through private schools.

Inter-rater reliability of a novel objective endpoint for benign central airway stenosis interventions: Segmentation-based volume rendering of computed tomography scans.

To evaluate the reliability of a novel segmentation-based volume rendering approach for quantification of benign central airway obstruction (BCAO). A retrospective single-center cohort study. Data were ascertained using electronic health records at a tertiary academic medical center in the United States. Patients with airway stenosis located within the trachea on two-dimensional (2D) computed tomography (CT) imaging and documentation of suspected benign etiology were included. Four readers with varying expertise in quantifying tracheal stenosis severity were selected to manually segment each CT using a volume rendering approach with the available free tools in the medical imaging viewing software OsiriX (Bernex, Switzerland). Three expert thoracic radiologists were recruited to quantify the same CTs using traditional subjective methods on a continuous and categorical scale. The interrater reliability for continuous variables was calculated by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) using a two-way mixed model with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Thirty-eight patients met the inclusion criteria, and fifty CT scans were selected for measurement. The most common etiology of BCAO was iatrogenic in 22 patients (58%). There was an even distribution of chest and neck CT imaging within our cohort. The average ICC across all four readers for the volume rendering approach was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84 to 0.93), suggesting good to excellent agreement. The average ICC for thoracic radiologists for subjective methods on the continuous scale was 0.38 (95% CI, 0.20 to 0.55), suggesting poor to fair agreement. The kappa for the categorical approach was 0.26, suggesting a slight to fair agreement amongst the raters. In this retrospective cohort study, agreement was good to excellent for raters with varying expertise in airway cross-sectional imaging using a novel segmentation-based volume rendering approach to quantify BCAO. This proposed measurement outperformed our expert thoracic radiologists using conventional subjective grading methods.

Digital Storytelling in Teaching Filipino Subject in Grade 7 Students

The study was conducted at San Guillermo National High School, San Marcelino, Zambales, Philippines. Its focus is on "DIGITAL STORYTELLING" IN TEACHING FILIPINO SUBJECT IN GRADE 7 STUDENTS. The study consisted of eighty-seven (87) participants who were divided into two groups or sections: the controlled group and experimental group. The researcher used an experimental design in the study because its purpose is to find out if “Digital Storytelling" influences the level of learning of students in the First Grading. The score obtained from the pretest and posttest were collected, tallied, and presented statistically using the mean, and MPs. The mean was used to find out the learning level of the controlled and experimental groups and to find out the significant differences of the mean scores in the pre-test and post-test of the two participating groups. In the pre-test and post-test conducted, it was recorded that the Controlled group Mean score is lower compared to Experimental group. Based on the collected results of the study, the following recommendations are made: a) DepEd is expected to allocate funds for trainings and workshops about Digital Storytelling so that Teachers have sufficient knowledge and boost the effectiveness of using this visual device; b) Teachers should prepare "Digital Storytelling" visual equipment for teaching literature in Filipino subject because it helps to cultivate students' performance; and c) This research needs to be continued so as to confirm the effectiveness of using 'Digital Storytelling' in teaching.

Real‐time detection of Angelica dahurica tablet using YOLOX_am

AbstractIn the production of Angelica dahurica tablet (ADT), the manual sorting approach often leads to inefficiency, inconsistent standards, and subjective grading results. The traditional machine vision‐based sorting method, while helping to reduce the demand for labor in factories, suffers from problems such as incomplete contour detection and poor classification of dahurica tablets. To address the above problems, this paper proposes YOLOX_am, a novel deep learning‐based network that combines the fast detection ability of YOLOX and the feature weighting ability of the attention mechanism. In addition, a real‐time sorting system for dahurica tablets is also built and YOLOX_am is deployed in it. The experimental results show that the mAP of ADT's detection using the proposed model reaches 83.53%, which outperforms the original network YOLOX by 4.88%. Moreover, the detection speed of YOLOX_am reaches 1390 ms per image, which meets the requirement of real‐time sorting. Therefore, the combination of YOLOX and the attention mechanism is feasible and effective. YOLOX_am is both fast and accurate for ADT's detection and can be deployed in the sorting system to meet actual production needs.Practical applicationsThe traditional classification of defects in herbal tablets mainly relies on manual detection. This paper introduces a deep learning method into the sorting of herbal tablets. To solve the problem of subtle differentiation of tablets' defects, a neural network structure that can quickly and accurately detect small defective samples is proposed. This network has been applied to practical production and achieved high effectiveness.

예비교사의 ChatGPT 사용의도에 영향을 미치는 요인

Objectives This study aimed to investigate whether the prospective teachers' intention to use ChatGPT was influ-enced by the perceived usefulness and ease of use of ChatGPT and whether the satisfaction experienced while participating in ChatGPT-based activities could moderate the effects of perceived usefulness and ease of use on the intention to use ChatGPT.
 Methods After conducting a pre-survey to assess the perceived usefulness and ease of use of ChatGPT for 118 prospective teachers, a task involving ChatGPT was assigned to them. Subsequently, a post-survey was carried out to gauge their satisfaction with the task and their intention to use ChatGPT. Independent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVA were performed to analyze whether differences existed in the research variables based on the subjects' characteristics. To examine the main effects of perceived usefulness and ease of use on the intention to use ChatGPT, along with the moderating impact of satisfaction with ChatGPT-based activities, Model 1 of Process Macro v4.20 was employed.
 Results The findings indicated that there were no differences in the research variables based on the subjects' gender, grade, or previous ChatGPT experience. Perceived usefulness significantly predicted the intention to use, and its interaction with task activity satisfaction was found, confirming the moderating effect of ChatGPT-based activity satisfaction. However, perceived ease of use did not significantly predict usage intention, and no inter-action with task activity satisfaction was observed.
 Conclusions To enhance the intention to use ChatGPT, it is imperative to devise methods for enhancing the perceived usefulness of ChatGPT and for creating tasks or learning activities that effectively utilize ChatGPT at a satisfactory level. Considering that ChatGPT-based activities demonstrate a more pronounced impact on boosting usage intention when the perceived usefulness level is lower, prioritizing such ChatGPT-based tasks is recommended.

Reduced-dose CT in detecting solid liver tumors: A comparison of image quality between automatic exposure control and organ effective modulation

PurposeTo evaluate the subjective and objective image quality of solid liver tumors as well as the radiation dose using organ effective modulation (OEM) technology for abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT). Material and methodsA total of 74 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic CT between January and April 2022 were prospectively enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the non-OEM group underwent CT scans with automatic exposure control (AEC), while the OEM group underwent CT scans with OEM. The radiation dose was compared between the two groups. Objective image quality was quantitatively assessed using image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Two experienced radiologists independently evaluated the CT images (5, best; 1, worst) by four characteristics including sharpness, contrast, noise, and diagnostic confidence. ResultsThe OEM group presented a significant reduction in volume CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose-length product (DLP), and effective dose (ED) by 11.4%, 12.2%, and 12.2%, respectively (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between two groups concerning image noise, SNR, and CNR (p > 0.05). Expect for the left and right liver lobes in portal images, OEM was slightly higher than the non-OEM (p < 0.05). The subjective scores of two radiologists demonstrated good agreement (kappa value = 0.84). No statistically significant differences were observed in subjective grading (p > 0.05). ConclusionOEM technology can effectively reduce the radiation dose of abdominopelvic-enhanced CT without affecting the subjective and objective image quality of solid liver tumors.

A new method for in vivo assessment of corneal transparency using spectral-domain OCT.

Corneal transparency is essential to provide a clear view into and out of the eye, yet clinical means to assess such transparency are extremely limited and usually involve a subjective grading of visible opacities by means of slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Here, we describe an automated algorithm allowing extraction of quantitative corneal transparency parameters with standard clinical spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Our algorithm employs a novel pre-processing procedure to standardize SD-OCT image analysis and to numerically correct common instrumental artifacts before extracting mean intensity stromal-depth (z) profiles over a 6-mm-wide corneal area. The z-profiles are analyzed using our previously developed objective method that derives quantitative transparency parameters directly related to the physics of light propagation in tissues. Tissular heterogeneity is quantified by the Birge ratio Br and the photon mean-free path (ls) is determined for homogeneous tissues (i.e., Br~1). SD-OCT images of 83 normal corneas (ages 22-50 years) from a standard SD-OCT device (RTVue-XR Avanti, Optovue Inc.) were processed to establish a normative dataset of transparency values. After confirming stromal homogeneity (Br <10), we measured a median ls of 570 μm (interdecile range: 270-2400 μm). By also considering corneal thicknesses, this may be translated into a median fraction of transmitted (coherent) light Tcoh(stroma) of 51% (interdecile range: 22-83%). Excluding images with central saturation artifact raised our median Tcoh(stroma) to 73% (interdecile range: 34-84%). These transparency values are slightly lower than those previously reported, which we attribute to the detection configuration of SD-OCT with a relatively small and selective acceptance angle. No statistically significant correlation between transparency and age or thickness was found. In conclusion, our algorithm provides robust and quantitative measurements of corneal transparency from standard SD-OCT images with sufficient quality (such as 'Line' and 'CrossLine' B-scan modes without central saturation artifact) and addresses the demand for such an objective means in the clinical setting.

Effectiveness of gamification and game-based learning in Spanish adolescents with dyslexia: A longitudinal quasi-experimental research

BackgroundGamification and game-based learning can provide motivating learning opportunities. The scientific literature suggests that these play strategies could be supportive tools for the learning of students with diagnosed dyslexia. AimsThis study compares the effectiveness of an educational gamification and game-based learning (GBL) methodology versus a transmissive methodology for the improvement of reading processes and academic performance in the subject of Spanish Language and Literature in Spanish high school students with dyslexia. Methods and ProceduresLongitudinal quasi-experimental research was conducted with control and experimental groups. Ninety students with a mean age of 14.22 years (SD = 0.95) participated in the study. The assessment instruments used were the PROLEC-SE reading process assessment battery and academic performance through subject grades. The intervention with the experimental group consisted of gamification and GBL of 15 one-hour sessions in which students' oral and written skills were worked with playful learning strategies. Outcomes and ResultsThe results indicate that the experimental group had statistically significant improvement in their reading skills (η2g = 0.616) and academic performance, albeit less in pseudoword speed, compared to the control group (η2g = 0.197). Conclusion and ImplicationsThe study highlights the usefulness of gamification and GBL as practical tools for meaningful learning in students with dyslexia.

Parents’ Perspectives on Climate Change Education: A Case Study From New Jersey

Purpose With climate change education becoming more prevalent in schools around the globe, it is increasingly important that we understand parental perspectives on this topic. Children cross the boundaries between home and school culture every day, and their parents’ attitudes, beliefs, and practices can influence their academic engagement in all content areas. In the 2022–2023 academic year, New Jersey (NJ) adopted climate change education standards across grade levels and subject areas. We seek to understand parental perspectives on this curriculum change. Design/Approach/Methods In October–November 2022, a survey was distributed to parents of children attending public (state) school in NJ to identify how they discuss, support, and question their children's education about climate change. A total of 83 parents responded to the survey. Findings Survey results revealed that parents talk to their children about climate change with the support of various tools and strategies. However, parents expressed concerns about teachers’ preparedness to introduce climate change topics appropriately and their own readiness to support this instruction at home. Furthermore, several respondents voiced concerns about how to approach climate change discussions in a way that is mindful of children's developmental and mental health needs. Originality/Value Little is known about the way in which parents view educational innovations affect their implementation. This study examines parents’ perspectives on a novel approach to integrating climate change instruction across subject areas and grade levels.

Investigating Player Selection within UK Academy Soccer: The Application of Objective and Subjective Assessments in Detecting Talent

Talent selection and development in academy soccer is highly dependent on coach intuition. Given such reliance upon subjective inputs, a greater understanding towards the utility of coach intuition may prove invaluable. The present study investigated coach agreement, the associations between subjective and objective outcomes and prominent traits highlighted within player (de)selection. Academy players (n = 45, age = 14 ± 2yrs) and coaches (n = 10, age = 31 ± 5yrs) were recruited from a professional soccer academy. Objective assessments included tactical and psychological surveys, physical assessments (linear sprints, change of direction and jumping tasks) and performance analysis (performance assessment for team sports). Coach subjective player gradings were collected using a visual analogue scale aligned to the objective assessments. Lead and assistant coaches demonstrated poor-to-moderate agreements in perceived player skills (ICC = 0.48 to 0.76) and fair to almost perfect agreement in player (de)selection (ICC= 0.23-1.00, P &lt;.001 to .26). However, coach agreement reduced as players aged. Likewise, a maturation related bias was present whereby biologically older players were selected over their lesser mature players. Moreover, coach intuition demonstrated a strong predictive capability to select players, whilst the study was incapable of distinguishing exclusive traits related to selection outcome.

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography meibography compared with keratograph meibography.

The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of using readily accessible technology, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), to detect and grade meibomian gland dropout and examine its interchangeability with the Oculus Keratograph 5M (K5M). A total of 30 participants (30 eyes) with a median age of 21 (range = 19-28 years) were recruited. Meibography was performed using two commercially available imaging devices to look at the structure of the meibomian glands and grade them subjectively in real time, and image analysis was used to quantify meibomian gland loss objectively. Gland loss as imaged by the two techniques was graded using the meiboscore grading schema. Test-retest reliability was determined with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Weighted kappa was used to evaluate agreement between the two imaging devices and four methods of image analysis. Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine the association of structural measurements between each of the techniques. The agreement between the two imaging techniques was determined with the Bland-Altman analysis. Reliability of subjective grading was strong for AS-OCT (ICC: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.83-0.96, p < 0.001) and K5M (ICC: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.96-0.91, p = 0.001). Image analysis with ImageJ reliability was strong between the imaging devices (ICC: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.55-0.94, p < 0.001). Agreement between each subjective technique was fair, κ = 0.45 (95% CI: 0.17-0.73, p < 0.001) and a positive Spearman correlation was also observed (r = 0.52, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the mean meibomian gland loss measured with ImageJ between AS-OCT and K5M (0.92 ± 6.28, p = 0.26). The 95% limits of agreement were -12.45% to +14.04%. These findings suggest subjective real-time grading of meibomian gland loss could be performed using readily available AS-OCT technology and that this method was interchangeable with the K5M.

An artificial intelligence algorithm for automated blastocyst morphometric parameters demonstrates a positive association with implantation potential

Blastocyst selection is primarily based on morphological scoring systems and morphokinetic data. These methods involve subjective grading and time-consuming techniques. Artificial intelligence allows for objective and quick blastocyst selection. In this study, 608 blastocysts were selected for transfer using morphokinetics and Gardner criteria. Retrospectively, morphometric parameters of blastocyst size, inner cell mass (ICM) size, ICM-to-blastocyst size ratio, and ICM shape were automatically measured by a semantic segmentation neural network model. The model was trained on 1506 videos with 102 videos for validation with no overlap between the ICM and trophectoderm models. Univariable logistic analysis found blastocyst size and ICM-to-blastocyst size ratio to be significantly associated with implantation potential. Multivariable regression analysis, adjusted for woman age, found blastocyst size to be significantly associated with implantation potential. The odds of implantation increased by 1.74 for embryos with a blastocyst size greater than the mean (147 ± 19.1 μm). The performance of the algorithm was represented by an area under the curve of 0.70 (p < 0.01). In conclusion, this study supports the association of a large blastocyst size with higher implantation potential and suggests that automatically measured blastocyst morphometrics can be used as a precise, consistent, and time-saving tool for improving blastocyst selection.

Dupilumab induced ocular surface disease: A prospective case series.

To identify the incidence, risk factors, demographics, and clinical profile of dupilumab-induced ocular surface disease (DIOSD) in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), propose a standardised treatment protocol (STP) and evaluate the response. Prospective case series of AD patients treated in the Dermatology Department, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK developing ocular symptoms after commencing Dupilumab between September 2018 and February 2020. A standard history and examination protocol were used including subjective symptom severity grading and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire on each visit. Standard treatment was prescribed, and response evaluated. 32 of 113 included patients (28.31%) developed DIOSD, of which 20 (62.5%) were referred to the Cornea Service. Median age was 38.0 years (IQR 26.8; range 19-74). Male to female ratio was 1:1. Average time to onset of ocular symptoms from starting dupilumab was 9.2 weeks (IQR 8.8; range 0.1-40). 90% patients had bilateral conjunctival inflammation and blepharitis at presentation. Significant improvement in the subjective severity scale and the median OSDI score (from 34.0 to 10.2) was noted in response to topical eye treatment. Dupilumab was discontinued in none. DIOSD is not uncommon although, with timely referral and appropriate topical treatment better clinical outcome and patient satisfaction can be achieved without the need to discontinue Dupilumab. Prior allergic conjunctivitis did not affect the incidence or severity of DIOSD. Further prospective studies with longer follow-up and more focus on possible disease mechanism such as goblet cell related changes and immune response are needed.