Amid rapid population aging in Japan, declining public transport use has created substantial barriers to older adults' mobility and independence. Such services address first-/last-mile gaps and enable social participation, which are key determinants of healthy aging in community settings. We examined whether Green Slow Mobility (GSM)-a low-speed electric cart used as community public transport-was followed by differences in future long-term care need. We analyzed data from 599 community-dwelling older adults (59.3% women; mean age 74.6 years) in two municipalities with different service conditions: Oji town, where GSM operation was stably maintained, and Kawachinagano city, where GSM experienced a 4-month suspension followed by reduced frequency. At the 1-year survey, participants using GSM at least once per month were classified as users; others as nonusers. Long-term care risk was measured at baseline and at 2 years with a validated 0-48-point scale (higher scores indicate greater risk); the 2-year score served as the primary outcome. To address confounding, we conducted propensity-score matching on sex, age, and baseline risk (standardized difference < 0.25) and then estimated municipality-stratified linear regressions. Model 1 adjusted for baseline risk; Model 2 additionally adjusted for education, subjective economic status, household composition, and marital status. Robustness analyses applied stricter matching (standardized difference < 0.10). In Oji town, users had significantly lower risk scores at 2 years than nonusers (B = - 2.31, 95% CI - 4.35 to - 0.28, p = 0.027). In Kawachinagano city, no significant difference was observed (B = 0.28, 95% CI - 0.74 to 1.32, p = 0.581). Findings were directionally consistent in the robustness analysis with stricter matching: Oji town B = - 2.72 (95% CI - 5.25 to - 0.18, p = 0.037); Kawachinagano city B = 0.38 (95% CI - 0.69 to 1.44, p = 0.490). Under conditions of stable operation, regular GSM use was followed by lower long-term care risk among older adults. The absence of a difference in the municipality with suspended and reduced service suggests that continuity and frequency of operation are important factors. These results underscore the importance of maintaining reliable, sustainable community transport when designing mobility systems for super-aged societies.

Objective To examine the association between post-COVID-19 conditions (PCC) persisting for months or years and the subsequent socioeconomic status of individuals infected with COVID-19.Methods A baseline survey conducted in November 2022 included 13,361 infected individuals aged 18-79 years living in Yao City, Osaka, who were diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 2021 and April 2022, along with 13,324 age- and sex-matched non-infected controls. A follow-up survey, conducted between January and February 2024, targeted 7,404 individuals who responded to the baseline survey. Data collected included infection date, disease severity, the presence of PCC (26 symptoms), and multiple indicators of socioeconomic status, including household income, subjective economic status, occupation, employment status, absenteeism, and presenteeism. PCC was defined as symptoms persisting for ≥2 months and still present at 3 months post-infection. The prevalence of PCC was estimated at 3, 6, and 12 months post-infection. Associations between PCC and subjective socioeconomic status were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Absenteeism and presenteeism were also evaluated according to the PCC duration.Results Of the 7,404 individuals invited to participate, 4,070 responded to the questionnaire, and 2,756 COVID-19 cases (mean age, 43.6 years; 63.5% female) were included in the analysis. The prevalence of PCC was 13.1% at 3 months, 11.0% at 6 months, and 6.2% at 12 months post-infection. Participants with PCC lasting ≥12 months had significantly poorer subjective economic status than those without PCC (adjusted odds ratio: 2.10; 95% confidence interval: 1.48-2.96). However, no significant differences were observed in household income, presenteeism, or other employment-related indicators.Conclusions PCC persisting for 12 months or longer may negatively affect individuals' perceived economic and employment status despite stable household income. Continued follow-up studies are needed to assess the long-term socioeconomic effects of PCC.

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the relationship between intra- and intergenerational exchanges and mental health among adults living in rural mountainous areas, with particular emphasis on younger adults aged 20-49 years.Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in September 2023 among 980 residents aged 20-74 years in Nagatoro Town, Saitama Prefecture. Mental health was evaluated using the Japanese version of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. A total score <13 or any item score ≤1 indicated poor mental health. Participants were categorized as younger adults (20-49 years) and middle-to-older adults (50-74 years). Intragenerational exchange was defined as interaction with peers outside family, relatives, or workplace relationships. Intergenerational exchange referred to interaction with individuals from different generations. Exchange patterns were classified into four groups: no exchanges, intragenerational only, intergenerational only, and both. The dependent variable was mental health status. Independent variables included the presence and patterns of intra- and intergenerational exchanges. Adjusted variables were sex, age, educational attainment, cohabitation with children, subjective economic status, participation in community activities, employment status, and self-rated health. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted.Results Among 302 valid responses (30.8% response rate), 135 participants (44.7%) had good mental health, including 75 younger adults (41.9%). Among younger adults, 74.3% reported intragenerational exchanges and 78.2% reported intergenerational exchanges. In younger adults, the presence of intragenerational exchange was significantly associated with better mental health compared with no intragenerational exchange. In contrast, the presence of intergenerational exchange was not significantly associated with better mental health compared with no intergenerational exchange. Regarding exchange patterns, compared with intragenerational-only exchange, no exchange and intergenerational-only exchange were associated with poorer mental health among younger adults. Having both types of exchange was not significantly associated with mental health.Conclusion Among adults living in rural mountainous areas, intragenerational exchanges were positively associated with good mental health among younger adults, whereas intergenerational exchanges showed no positive association. Absence of exchanges or intergenerational-only exchanges was negatively associated with mental health. These findings suggest that intragenerational exchange may contribute to better mental health among younger adults in rural communities.

How are subjective perceptions of economic status related to public support for social welfare? I argue that the negative psychological costs associated with perceived relative deprivation lead individuals to prioritize immediate over long-term income gains. Consequently, those who perceive themselves as having low status are less likely to sacrifice a part of their current income to fund welfare policies with long-delayed benefits. I test this argument using two waves of the Life in Transition Survey and two more recent waves of the British Election Survey. In line with my argument, I find that, although a lower sense of subjective economic status correlates with preferences for reducing inequality, the lower individuals place themselves in the economic hierarchy, the less likely they are to support a tax increase to finance spending on education, poverty assistance, and healthcare. While subjective perceptions of low economic status increase demand for equality, they may also limit the government’s ability to redistribute economic resources if citizens are unwilling to share the burden of social welfare. The findings suggest a subjective limit to the scope conditions of welfare state reform and the politics of fiscal solidarity and redistribution.

This study aimed to explore the rural-urban disparity in China regarding middle-aged and older adults' fear of dependence (FoD). We adopted a sample of 1,499 adults (rural: 918; urban: 581) aged 50+ from the 2021 wave of the Chinese General Social Survey. FoD was measured based on a summative score of participants' worry about three scenarios: (a) financial dependence, (b) others making decisions on my behalf, and (c) needing assistance with activities of daily living. A twofold Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis was employed to quantify and statistically account for the sources of the rural-urban disparity in FoD. Rural older adults exhibited a significantly higher level of FoD than their urban peers (raw difference: 0.672, p < .001). The decomposition analysis demonstrated that 78.23% of the gap was associated with rural-urban differences in the observed explanatory factors (the endowment effect). Disparities in the affordability of quality medical services during critical illness accounted for the largest share of the explained rural-urban gap (56.87%), followed by lower subjective economic status (14.27%) and higher prevalence of chronic illness (11.12%) among older rural residents. The elevated FoD among rural older adults is primarily associated with vulnerability to catastrophic health expenditure, leading them to perceive dependence as a more immediate and disastrous threat to themselves and their families. Policy interventions aimed at increasing the financial resilience of rural families against severe illness are crucial to mitigate this concern and reduce long-lasting urban-rural health inequalities.

BackgroundSarcopenia, defined as age-related muscle loss, has significant implications on the physical performance and health of older adults. An adequate dietary protein intake plays a crucial role in maintaining muscle mass and function. In Japan, the “Take 10!” assessment method, focusing on 10 food groups with an emphasis on 5 protein-rich foods, has been used for older adults. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the protein-rich food intake frequency score (PFFS) and muscle mass, strength, muscle-specific strength, and physical performance in older Japanese women.MethodsThis study included 309 Japanese women aged 65–92 years. The appendicular skeletal muscle mass and skeletal muscle index were assessed. Hand grip strength and knee extension strength were measured, and muscle-specific strength was calculated. Chair stand test, shuttle stamina walk test, 10-m walk test, and timed up-and-go test were conducted. The Take 10 food frequency score (Take10-FFS) and PFFS were obtained. A one-way analysis of covariance was conducted, adjusted for age, percent body fat, exercise habits, smoking habits, alcohol habits, preexisting conditions, polypharmacy, fall incidence within 1 year, subjective economic status, and years of education.Results and conclusionHigher Take 10-FFS and PFFS were associated with better muscle mass, strength, and physical performance (P < 0.05), emphasizing the importance of protein intake in preventing sarcopenia. However, no direct association was found between PFFS and muscle-specific strength (P > 0.05). This underscores the complexity of the factors influencing muscle-specific strength.

Background/Objectives: Frailty has been associated with various physical, psychological, and social factors; however, the influence of the residential environment-particularly walk-up buildings without elevators-remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between the floor of residence and frailty among functionally independent older adults. Methods: A total of 793 older adults (mean age: 76.46 ± 6.29 years; 58.83% women) living in walk-up buildings without elevators and not certified as requiring long-term care participated in a questionnaire survey. Frailty was assessed using the Kihon Checklist (KCL) and the FRAIL Scale (FS). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between floor of residence and frailty status (non-frail vs. frail), adjusting for potential confounders. Sensitivity analyses were performed using stratified models based on age group, functional status, and living conditions. Results: Frailty prevalence was 23.28% (KCL) and 16.88% (FS). Higher floor of residence was significantly associated with lower odds of frailty (KCL: odds ratio [OR] = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69-0.97; FS: OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65-0.97). Stratified analyses showed consistent associations in subgroups including those aged ≥ 75 years, with full Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scores, non-homebound status, poor subjective economic status, and living alone (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Living on higher floors in walk-up buildings without elevators may be protective against frailty among functionally independent older adults. While barrier-free environments are essential for those with functional decline or disabilities, moderate physical challenges such as stairs may contribute to frailty prevention in populations who maintain independence.

Introduction: Longitudinal studies on the association between subjective life expectancy (SLE) and cognitive functioning are scarce, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the association between SLE and cognitive functioning longitudinally. Methods: Health, aging, and retirement in Thailand (HART) provided longitudinal national data with n = 6747 from 2017 (wave 2) to 2022 (wave 4). HART includes questions on (1) General Information; (2) Family and Support; (3) Health Status; (4) Work Status; (5) Income and Expenditure; (6) Asset and Debt; (7) Life Expectation; and (8) Exit Interview. SLE and cognitive functioning were assessed with established measures. The time-varying factors and results were evaluated using linear fixed effects regression. Results: Increases in SLE were associated with higher cognitive functioning. Increases in age were associated with decreases in cognitive functioning, and increases in subjective economic status were associated with increased cognitive functioning, while changes in marital status, work status, physical functioning, and physical illnesses were not associated with cognitive functioning. Conclusion: The study’s findings contribute to the literature by demonstrating, over a longitudinal period, that higher SLE was associated with higher cognitive functioning among older adults. The results of the study must be validated by additional longitudinal research using panel data techniques.

ABSTRACT Promoting equitable end-of-life (EOL) preparedness is essential for dignified aging. This study examined whether subjective happiness mediates the association between subjective economic status and preemptive conversations (PCs) about EOL among older adults. Using cross-sectional data from 1,575 participants in Koriyama City, Japan, logistic regression assessed the association between economic status and PCs, and mediation analysis evaluated indirect effects via subjective happiness. Higher subjective economic status was associated with greater likelihood of PCs and higher subjective happiness. Subjective happiness partially mediated this association, accounting for 23.4% of the effect. These findings suggest that enhancing subjective well-being may help reduce socioeconomic disparities in EOL preparedness.

This study examined differences in access to information on health and social activities by socioeconomic position (SEP) among community-dwelling older adults in Japan. A mail survey was conducted with 4,101 adults aged ≥65 years without functional disabilities. Information-gathering frequency and sources (television, newspapers/magazines, the internet, social interactions) were assessed. Educational attainment and subjective economic status were classified into three levels. Poisson regression models with robust variance and linear regression models were used to analyse associations between SEP and information access. Older adults with higher SEP were more likely to gather information regularly, particularly through newspapers/magazines and the internet, while television and social interactions were common across all SEP levels. Those with higher education tended to use multiple information sources. These associations were more pronounced for educational attainment than for economic status. Television and social interactions may be effective channels for reaching those with lower SEP.

Objective The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism of Japan has recently been promoting the adoption of green (i.e., electric-powered) slow mobility carts, which can operate on public roads at speeds <20 km/h. A two-month trial of electric-powered cart services showed improvements in subjective indicators such as social interaction among older adults, with potential long-term benefits related to preventing the eventual need for long-term care (LTC). This study investigated whether the risk of requiring LTC decreased one year after the introduction and use of electric-powered carts in older adults whose subjective indicators improved following the introduction of the service.Methods Electric-powered cart services were introduced in Kawachinagano City (Osaka Prefecture) and Oji Town (Nara Prefecture), beginning in July-August of 2022. Our analysis included 726 adults aged ≥65 years (385 from Kawachinagano City and 341 from Oji Town) who provided valid responses to a self-administered postal survey conducted at the baseline (i.e., when the program was introduced), as well as at a follow-up one year later. At the follow-up, operations had concluded in Kawachinagano City, but continued in Oji Town. LTC risk at the one-year follow-up was assessed using the LTC risk assessment scale, with higher scores indicating a greater risk. The explanatory variables included electric-powered cart usage (defined as cart usage several times per year or more) and changes in subjective indicators prompted by cart usage. The subjective indicators assessed were outings (three items), social activities (five items), and positive emotions (four items). Covariates included sex, LTC risk score, educational background, subjective economic status, employment, activities of daily living, marital status, and cohabitation at the baseline survey. Missing data were handled using multiple imputations (m = 200). Linear regression analysis was used to calculate the coefficients (B).Results Of the total respondents, 290 (39.9%) reported using the electric carts. Electric-powered cart use was not significantly associated with LTC risk (B = 0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.40 to 0.63). No significant associations were found between changes in subjective indicators and LTC risk across the overall cohort. However, in Oji Town, older adults who reported increase in positive emotions such as enjoyment of daily life (-1.78, -3.21 to -0.35), feeling uplifted (-1.51, -2.87 to -0.15), and finding life more meaningful (-1.91, -3.53 to -0.30) showed significant reductions in LTC risk.Conclusion While no overall association was found between electric-powered cart usage and LTC risk, certain positive emotional changes reported in the respondents from Oji Town were associated with reduced LTC risk. These findings suggest that electric-powered carts may contribute not only to mobility support but also to LTC prevention, by fostering positive emotions among older adults.

The factors influencing the number of pain sites (NPS) and multisite pain (MSP) in adults 80 years and older have not been thoroughly examined in many research. The purpose of this study was to estimate these drivers using Thailand's 3-wave national longitudinal data. We used data of people 80 years and older (analytic sample: n = 2450 observations) from the 2015, 2017, and 2022 Health, Aging, and Retirement in Thailand survey. Number of pain sites and multisite pain were measured using established metrics. The time-variant causes and outcomes were evaluated using fixed-effects regression. The average NPS was 2.4 (SD = 3.1); the proportion of MSP was 46.1% and 31.4% for having ≥2 and ≥3 pain sites, respectively; and 42.8% reported moderate or severe pain on at least 1 pain site. Fixed-effects (FE) regressions showed that increasing age, subjective economic status, and work status decreased the NPS. Transitioning to live alone, past smoking, and an increase in depressive symptoms increased the NPS. Regarding FE regressions with MSP (≥2 and ≥3 pain sites), age and subjective economic status decreased the odds of MSP, transitioning to live alone, past smoking, depressive symptoms, and the number of chronic conditions increased the odds of MSP. Decreasing age, decreasing subjective economic status, not working, living alone, past smoking, depressive symptoms, and chronic conditions were associated with the NPS and/or MSP.

The family stress model has been used widely to interpret how economic circumstances affect human development. However, its applicability to Chinese families with adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic remains unclear. Although resilience processes have been integrated into this model, they have seldom been examined in the Chinese family context. To address these research gaps, we leveraged data collected before (2018; T1) and during the pandemic (2020; T2) from the nationally representative China family panel studies and tested how the change in family economic status foretells Chinese adolescents' development during the pandemic. The sample consisted of 1,148 adolescents (607 boys and 541 girls; Mage = 11.51 ± 1.13 years old at T1) and their mothers. At T1 and T2, objective and subjective family economic status were assessed. Mothers rated their depression and positivity. At T2, adolescents rated nurturant-involved parenting, family conflicts, and their own positivity, depression, and academic self-regulation. The number of COVID-19 cases in each province was extracted to index regional pandemic risk. Results showed that the associations of the T1-to-T2 changes in family income (mainly in regions with higher pandemic risk) and subjective family economic status with T2 family conflicts and T2 nurturant-involved parenting were linked by the T1-to-T2 change in maternal positivity. In turn, the associations of T2 family conflicts and T2 nurturant-involved parenting with adolescents' depression and academic self-regulation at T2 were linked by T2 adolescent positivity. These findings suggest that nurturing personal positivity is a promising approach to mitigating the negative impacts of family economic stress. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

This study examined how subjective economic status, the perceived self–other gap in law compliance, political ideology, and trust in the judiciary are related within a moderated mediation framework. Using data collected in 2023 from 2,966 Korean adults, we found that higher subjective economic status was associated with a smaller perceived self–other compliance gap, whereas a larger compliance gap was associated with lower trust in the judiciary. This negative association was stronger among conservatives, and the indirect effect of economic status on judicial trust via the compliance gap varied by ideological orientation. These findings suggest that trust in the judiciary is shaped by the interplay of economic perceptions, social comparison, and ideological values. Although the use of single-item measures and a cross-sectional design limits causal inference, this study identifies the perceived self–other law compliance gap as a novel psychological pathway linking economic perceptions to institutional trust.

A few longitudinal studies on the life satisfaction and depressive symptoms of older people living alone have been carried out. The present study aimed to investigate the determinants of life satisfaction and depressive symptoms of older people living alone in Thailand. We used data from Thailand's Health, Aging, and Retirement research conducted in 2015, 2017, 2020, and 2022. The community-based analytic sample included 1735 observations of older adults living alone. The average age of the pooled sample was 74.0 years (SD = 8.5, range: 60-107 years). Life satisfaction and depressive symptoms were measured using established metrics. Linear random-effects models evaluated determinants of life satisfaction and depressive symptoms. Regressions found that higher education, higher subjective economic status, female sex, urban residence, social engagement, better self-rated health status, physical activity, chewing ability, wearing dentures, and participation in annual health check-ups were positively associated with higher life satisfaction. Being single, divorced, separated, or widowed, having depressive symptoms, and loneliness were negatively associated with life satisfaction. Furthermore, male sex, currently working, rural residence, functional limitations, and loneliness were associated with higher depressive symptoms, while self-rated physical health, physical activity, and wearing dentures were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Overall, this study among older adults living alone showed that advantages and disadvantages in socioeconomic situation, health, and health behaviour were the determinants of life satisfaction and depressive symptoms, respectively. Efforts to promote well-being among older adults living alone should reduce or promote the identified associated factors.

The long-term relationship between posttraumatic growth (PTG) and wellbeing after the COVID-19 pandemic remains unclear. This study aimed to examine their levels and changes at the individual level over time as well as to explore the bidirectional associations in Japan, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US). Four waves of online surveys were administered in July and October 2023 and January and April 2024 to residents aged 20-74 years. The wave 1 included 400 participants from Japan, 398 from the UK, and 393 from the US, of whom 308, 226, and 157, respectively, completed all four waves. A two-way multivariate analysis of covariance was conducted to analyze the differences in PTG and wellbeing by country and wave. The associations between PTG and wellbeing were analyzed using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model to assess the within-person associations. PTG and wellbeing were lower in Japan than in the UK and the US. PTG in the UK and the US declined over time. The random intercepts of PTG and wellbeing showed significant positive associations across all three countries, whereas no significant associations were generally observed between the within-person fluctuations of PTG and wellbeing. In all three countries, the associations between subjective economic status and the random intercepts of wellbeing were consistently strong. PTG and wellbeing are primarily associated at the between-person level, with little evidence of dynamic within-person effects. The causal or dynamic role of PTG in promoting emotional wellbeing is attenuated.

This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between users versus non-users of MEGURU STATION, a community-based resource collection site, and the risk of functional disability among older adults in Japan. This quasi-experimental study included 973 older adults aged ≥65 years from three communities in Japan. Baseline and follow-up surveys were conducted 1 year apart to measure the risk scores for functional disability (RSFD) as the primary outcome. The main explanatory measure was self-reported MEGURU STATION use, with participants categorized as users or non-users. Mixed-effects linear regression models accounted for community-level variability and were adjusted for covariates, including sex, age, activities of daily living (ADL), education, subjective economic status, residential status, employment, and social participation. An additional analysis examined changes in going out, social interaction, and participation in community activities associated with MEGURU STATION use. Of the participants, 19.2% reported MEGURU STATION use. MEGURU STATION use was associated with a lower RSFD (B = -1.20, 95% confidence interval: -2.27, -0.12). Users reported increased opportunities for social interaction, participation in community activities, and going out compared with non-users. In summary, MEGURU STATION, a community-based intervention that integrates social interaction into daily routines, lowers the risk of functional disability among older adults. This scalable and socially inclusive model holds promise for promoting healthy aging. Future research should investigate its long-term impact and cultural adaptability.

To explore the relationship between university teachers’ Belief in a just world (BJW) and Life Satisfaction (LS), and to identify underlying mediating mechanisms, this study employed a structural equation model with BJW as the independent variable, LS as the dependent variable, job burnout (JB) and gratitude as mediating variables, and subjective economic status as a control variable. A sample of 225 university teachers completed the Belief in a Just World Questionnaire, the Teacher Job Burnout Questionnaire, the Gratitude Questionnaire-6, and the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire. Results showed: (1) BJW directly and positively predicted LS (β = 0.28, P &lt; 0.001); (2) JB and Gratitude exerted parallel mediating effects between the relationship of BJW and LS (indirect effects = 0.221 and 0.060, respectively).

BackgroundThere is limited understanding regarding the patterns and trajectories of social participation and their associations with medical care utilization among rural older adults. We aimed to investigate the patterns and trajectories of social participation and their associations with medical care utilization among rural older adults in China using longitudinal data.MethodsIn this longitudinal study, we used data from 1600 participants aged 60 years and above in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). We included participants with social participation information in 2011 (T1) as the baseline and followed them up in 2014(T2) and 2018(T3). Latent profile analysis (LPA) and latent transition analysis (LTA) were employed to identify the latent classes of social participation and the transition probabilities between these classes. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the predictors of transitions, while a two-part model and cross-lagged model were utilized to clarify the longitudinal relationship between social participation and medical care utilization among rural older adults.ResultsThree social participation classes were identified by LPA: low, moderate, and high social participation. The high social participation class exhibited strong stability, with rare transitions to other classes. Subjective economic status, self-rated health, and the number of chronic diseases significantly predicted social participation transition patterns (P < 0.05). Regarding outpatient care utilization, social participation consistently predicted more frequent outpatient visits in all waves (P < 0.05) but was associated with higher outpatient expenses only at T3 (P < 0.05). However, no significant association was observed between social participation and inpatient care utilization. This finding was further supported by cross-lagged modeling, demonstrating significant effects of social participation on outpatient care utilization (β = 0.016 to 0.018, SE = 0.004, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis research reveals the social participation dynamics in rural older adults and their effects on medical care utilization in China. Social participation can significantly promote outpatient care utilization among rural older adults. Targeted policy and practice are needed for those with low levels of social participation in rural areas.

This study is grounded in a critical awareness of three key limitations: first, the paradigm of active aging tends to render invisible those older adults who are systematically excluded from opportunities to lead active lives as social agents; second, previous research has predominantly employed a variable-centered approach; and third, it has failed to integrate the behavioral and cognitive dimensions of active aging. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze the latent classes of active aging based on social participation, representing behavioral attributes, and social status, representing cognitive attributes. It further seeks to identify the characteristics of each class, determine their predictors, and examine the impact of each class on life satisfaction, thereby empirically illustrating cases of exclusion from active aging. Based on data from a social survey of 310 adults, a latent profile analysis identified two distinct classes of active aging: high participation/status and low participation/status. The low participation/status type was characterized by being female, having a lower subjective economic status, and reporting poorer subjective health. Younger age and lower subjective economic status significantly increased the likelihood of belonging to the low participation/status class, and membership in this class was associated with significantly lower life satisfaction.