Subjective Academic Achievement Research Articles

Academic performance through multiple lenses: Intelligence, conscientiousness, and achievement striving motivation as differential predictors of objective and subjective measures of academic achievement in two studies of adolescents

In a two-sample investigation of 766 adolescents, we examined the associations and incremental validity of test-based intelligence, parent-rated conscientiousness, and self-rated achievement striving motivation with objective (grades) and subjective (parent-reported and self-reported academic performance) measures of academic achievement. The two studies yielded largely similar results. Intelligence was related to objective and subjective performance ratings. Conscientiousness showed associations and explained variance beyond intelligence in grades and parent-reported but mostly not in self-reported academic performance. Achievement striving motivation was largely related to and explained variance beyond intelligence and conscientiousness in grades and subjective performance ratings. Findings indicate that traits and motives predict objective and subjective academic achievement measures incrementally to abilities. Differential relationships for conscientiousness depended on the informant of academic performance.

Exploring the effects of health behaviors and mental health on students’ academic achievement: a cross-sectional study on lebanese university students

BackgroundHigh academic achievement, an important determinant of future success, is known to be influenced by many factors including dietary behavior, lifestyle and mental health, among others. The objectives of the current study were to explore university students’ nutritive habits, daily lifestyle, and mental status, and to scrutinize the associations between these factors and students’ academic achievement.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among students of a private Lebanese university, using an electronic survey. Diet, eating habits, physical activity, sleep, and smoking were evaluated, and mental health was assessed using a validated Arabic version of the combined Depression, Anxiety, Stress Score (DASS-8). Academic achievement was measured using the Subjective Academic Achievement Scale (SAAS).ResultsA total of 1677 students participated in the questionnaire. The results of a linear regression taking the SAAS score as the dependent variable, showed that students who have a non-scientific versus scientific major (Beta = 0.53), and having breakfast ≥ 4 days per week compared to less than 2 days (Beta = 0.28) were significantly associated with higher SAAS scores. More psychological distress (Beta = − 0.06) and a higher number of days of eating out (Beta = − 0.07) were significantly associated with lower SAAS scores.ConclusionsThis is the first investigation on a Lebanese university students’ academic success in relation to lifestyle and mental profiles. Better academic achievement was demonstrated by students having healthier dietary and lifestyle habits, as well as less distressing mental status. Such results, in light of the compounded and unprecedented crises with which Lebanon has been assailed, suggest the need to focus on promoting healthy habits among students in higher education as a possible driver of better academic success.

매일 흡연 청소년의 특성

The purpose of this study was to examine the general, smoking-related, and mental health characteristics of adolescents who smoke every day. The subjects of the study were 1,186 people who had smoked in the raw data of the smoking and drinking situation of students in 2021 surveyed by the Office of Education in B city. The collected data were statistically processed using the SPSS 27.0 program. The subjects' general, smoking-related, and mental health characteristics were analyzed by frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, and ANOVA. As a result of the study, high school students had a higher rate of daily smoking, and daily smokers had lower scores on subjective academic achievement and subjective health cognition, and the current use of heated e-cigarettes was high. Also, the ratio of the preparation phase was low in the smoking cessation change phase, and the ratio of quitting attempts and quitting success was also low. Regarding secondhand smoke, the ratio of daily smoking among students exposed to secondhand smoke at home, school, and public places was higher, and the stress perception and depression and impulsiveness scores of adolescents who smoked every day were higher. It is necessary to develop an educational program for smoking prevention and cessation by including daily smoking-related characteristics as intervention factors.

초등학생의 삶의 만족도 변화궤적과 학교요인의 동시 및 지연효과 연구

Objectives This study investigated the changing trajectory of life satisfaction and contemporaneous and lagged effects of three sources of school factors(peer and teacher relationships, subjective academic achievement) in elementary school students. Methods For this purpose, data from the 1 wave to 3 wave (4th to 6th grades) of the Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey 2018 (KCYPS 2018) conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute were used. The latent growth modeling was applied as a method to analyze the changing trajectory of life satisfaction and contemporaneous and lagged effects of the School factors over the three years. SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.7 were used for data processing and analysis. Results First, life satisfaction of students appeared to decrease during elementary school years. Second, the contemporaneous effect of three sources of school factors (peer and teacher relationships, subjective academic achievement) on life satisfaction were positively significant at 4th, 5th and 6th grades. In particular, among school factors, at the 4th grades, the peer relationship showed a relatively high influence, while at the 5th and 6th grades, the influence of the teacher relationship on life satisfaction was appeared relatively high. Also, it was confirmed that the lagged effect of peer and teacher relationship at the 4th grades had a significant effect on life satisfaction at the 5th grades, and the teacher relationship on at the 5th grades The lagged effect that has a positive effect on life satisfaction at the 6th grades was confirmed. Third, as a result of analyzing the difference in life satisfaction change trajectories according to gender, it was confirmed that male students had higher life satisfaction than female students. Conclusions Based on these results, implications for the improvement of elementary students' life satisfaction and suggestions for follow-up research were presented.

Subjective Academic Achievement, Economic Status, and Smoking and Drinking Behaviors among Adolescents

This study aimed to examine the relationship between subjective academic achievement, economic status, and smoking and drinking behaviors among adolescents in one region of South Korea. In this study, a secondary analysis was performed on data of adolescents in 2020. The present study found that smokers had lower subjective academic scores than nonsmokers (t=15.343, p<0.001), and drinkers had lower subjective academic scores than nonsmokers (t=8.821, p<0.001). In terms of subjective economic status, smokers had lower subjective economic status scores than nonsmokers (t=7.378, p=0.003), and drinkers had lower subjective economic status scores than nonsmokers (t=6.080, p=0.001). Efforts should be made to increase academic achievement by preventing smoking and drinking behaviors in adolescents. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent an increase in exposure to smoking and drinking owing to socioeconomic status.

How Impostor Syndrome Affects Academic Performance and Leadership Virtues among Undergraduate Clinical Year Medical Students

Impostor syndrome is described as a series of experiences in which an individual is uncertain about their true capability, skills, or achievements. Impostor syndrome may have a negative impact on medical students’ life, especially in the context of their academic performance and leadership virtues. Therefore, we aimed to study the prevalence, factors associated with impostor syndrome, and the association of impostor syndrome and academic performance, as well as leadership virtues. A cross-sectional study among the undergraduate clinical year medical students was carried out in a private medical university in Malaysia. Purposive sampling was used to enrol students for this study, the data were collected by the distribution of an online questionnaire and a total of 90 participants responded. We calculated the independent t-test using Epi info software. Among the students, 47.8% of students were suffering from impostor syndrome. Factors such as gender, ethnicity, nationality, intention to pursue fellowship, and parents’ occupation had an insignificant association with impostor syndrome. There is a significant association between impostor syndrome and subjective academic achievement and the students who did not have the syndrome perceived they performed well academically. The students without impostor syndrome had better leadership skills than the students who had impostor syndrome, however, it was not significant. In summary, impostor syndrome is quite common among students who are pursuing the medical course, thus more attention should be given to this issue. We recommend the education institution to introduce more motivational programmes to increase the confidence level of the students.

Assessing subjective university success with the Subjective Academic Achievement Scale (SAAS)

University achievement is a highly relevant educational outcome with implications for students' academic and professional futures. As the majority of students that drop out of university do so due to subjective reasons in contrast to a lack of capability to handle the workload, a measure of subjective university achievement (complementing grade point average) is helpful to enhance educational research on causes, correlates, and consequences of university success. This study aims to introduce a short scale for assessing subjective academic achievement – the SAAS – and provide first results on its psychometric properties. Based on two independent samples of university students, the internal consistency, factorial validity, and construct validity of the SAAS are corroborated, suggesting the measure's administration in educational research on university success and related issues.

Effects of Self-Esteem, Problem-Solving Ability, and Professional Nursing Values on the Career Identity of Nursing College Students in South Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study.

In Korea, the number of admissions to nursing colleges has greatly increased over the past 20 years to address the shortage of nurses. However, many nursing students have unclear career identities during college and stop working in healthcare after graduation. This study aimed to examine the effects of self-esteem, problem-solving ability, and professional nursing values on career identity. The participants were 140 third- and fourth-year nursing students recruited from a university in South Korea. Data were collected between September and October 2019 using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple linear regression. The results showed significant correlations between satisfaction with college life and major subject, subjective academic achievement, self-esteem, problem-solving ability, professional nursing values, and career identity. The factors that significantly affected career identity were self-esteem and professional nursing values. Nursing educators can support the career development of nursing students by enhancing their self-esteem and professionalism, along with efforts to improve satisfaction with their college life and major.

Longitudinal associations among academic achievement and depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in elementary schoolchildren: disentangling between- and within-person associations.

Prior cross-sectional and unidirectional longitudinal research has investigated the associations among academic achievement, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation without distinguishing between-person effects from within-person effects. Our study aimed to examine the longitudinal relations among academic achievement, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in a sample of elementary school children at the within-person level using cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs) and random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs). Also, multiple models replicated these findings by using three measures of academic achievement (i.e., objective academic achievement, subjective academic achievement, and teacher-assigned academic achievement). A sample of 715 Chinese elementary schoolchildren completed self-report measures of subjective academic achievement, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation on five occasions, using 6-month intervals. Objective academic achievement data were obtained from school records and teacher-assigned academic achievement data were reported by teachers. The results showed that: (a) In CLPMs, objective academic achievement negatively predicted suicidal ideation. However, RI-CLPMs supported the negative effect of suicidal ideation on objective academic achievement. (b) The CLPMs revealed reciprocal associations between subjective and teacher-assigned academic achievement and depressive symptoms, respectively. However, RI-CLPMs only provided support for the negative effect of depressive symptoms on subjective academic achievement. (c) Both the CLPMs and the RI-CLPMs showed bidirectional relations between depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. These findings highlight that mental health problems (e.g., depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation) serve as antecedents of academic performance and that it is beneficial to distinguish between between-person and within-person effects in research informing the development of prevention and intervention programs.

Social-Emotional Competence and Academic Achievement of Nursing Students: A Canonical Correlation Analysis.

This study was conducted to investigate the correlations between social–emotional competence (SEC) and academic achievement (AA) among nursing students and to compare students’ level of each core skill of SEC (critical thinking disposition, self-directed learning, creativity, emotional intelligence, problem-solving, and collaboration) and academic achievement (clinical performance and subjective academic achievement). A cross-sectional design was adapted. Data were collected from 195 nursing students in the junior and senior years who had participated in clinical practicum from four universities in South Korea. General characteristics, levels of critical thinking disposition, self-directed learning, creativity, emotional intelligence, problem-solving, collaboration, and academic achievement were collected via self-reported questionnaire. Canonical correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between SEC and AA. The canonical correlation coefficient between SEC and AA was 0.762. Critical thinking disposition (Rs = 0.89), problem-solving (Rs = 0.86), and cooperation (Rs = 0.80) made the most important contributions to SEC. Clinical performance (Rs = 0.95) and subjective AA (Rs = 0.57) were correlated with AA. SEC should be addressed to improve the AA of nursing students. All core skills of SEC should be regularly promoted. It is particularly urgent for nursing students to improve their creativity.

Aspects of openness as predictors of academic achievement

Recent meta-analytical findings have corroborated the notion of openness as a dichotomous personality dimension that encompasses two distinct aspects, namely intellectual and senso-aesthetic openness. This article investigates the associations of these two aspects with objective and subjective academic achievement as well as their incremental validity over and interaction with the two conscientiousness aspects industriousness and orderliness. Cross-sectional data from 424 undergraduate students suggested that a) intellectual openness was a strong positive predictor of academic achievement, whereas senso-aesthetic openness was a moderate negative predictor, b) openness aspects showed substantially more incremental validity over conscientiousness aspects than vice versa, and c) intellectual openness and orderliness interacted in the prediction of objective academic achievement. These results emphasize the relative importance of openness in postsecondary education and provide promising perspectives for further research.

매일 흡연하는 여고생의 흡연양상, 건강행태 및 가족특성 : 청소년건강행태온라인조사 활용을 통한 융복합 연구

Abstract This study aimed to examine the difference of tobacco use, health behaviors and family factors according to the daily tobacco use among female adolescents in South Korea using cross-sectional national data. The study used raw data from the 11th Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey that was performed in 2015. Data of a total of 2,006 female students in high school were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 23. Of the girl 27.5% in high school reported current smoker. Approximately 19.2% of the participants were classified as a daily smoker group. In the multinomial logistic analysis, factors associated with daily smoking were mother's smoking habit, facilities of residence, subjective academic achievement and subjective economic status. In order to develop health promotion strategy and education programs, it is expected to consider factors found relevant in this study.Key Words : Smoking, Tobacco, Health behavior, Female, Adolescent Received 27 March 2016, Revised 28 April 2016Accepted 20 May 2016, Published 28 May 2016Corresponding Author: Youngjin Lee (Korea University)Email: youngj@korea.ac.krⒸThe Society of Digital Policy & Management. All rightsreserved. This is an open-access article distributed under theterms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-CommercialLicense (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), whichpermits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, andreproduction in any medium, provided the original work isISSN: 1738-1916 properly cited.

Choosing between what you want now and what you want most: Self-control explains academic achievement beyond cognitive ability

Achieving a university degree is a demanding long-term goal, and students often show varying levels of academic achievement despite similar intellectual abilities. In order to help students, researchers thereby need to understand the origins of these individual differences. However, it remains unclear whether self-control is important for students' academic achievement beyond their general cognitive ability. To answer this question, N=150 German university students completed a measure of general cognitive ability as well as a German translation of the Brief Self-Control Scale. Grade point average (GPA) served as an objective indicator of academic achievement, complemented by personal ratings as a measure of subjective academic achievement (SAA). Both cognitive ability and self-control explained substantial amounts of variance in GPA; however, only self-control accounted for variance in SAA. The study's key finding was that self-control indeed contributed to explaining GPA and SAA, even when cognitive ability was controlled for. On the basis of these results, we argue that self-control holds important explanatory value for both objective and subjective academic achievement, and we discuss the results' practical relevance with regard to student success at university.

Socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors related to allergic diseases in Korean adolescents based on the Seventh Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey: a cross-sectional study.

BackgroundVarious international reports have shown that socioeconomic and sociodemographic variables are correlated with allergic diseases; however, little is known about how these variables affect Korean adolescents. This study was conducted to identify socioeconomic and sociodemographic risk factors for allergic diseases in Korean adolescents to provide information for preventing and managing such conditions.MethodsData from the 2011 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS-VII) of 75,643 adolescents were used. An anonymously administered online survey was conducted to collect dependent variable information on perceived sexes, residence, family affluence (Family Affluence Scale; FAS), parental education levels, subjective academic achievement, obesity, drinking and smoking. The independent variables were asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the correlations between the dependent and independent variables.ResultsLow subjective academic achievement, obesity, drinking and smoking were risk factors for asthma. High FAS, parental bachelor’s degree and high subjective academic achievement were risk factors for allergic rhinitis. Finally, high FAS, maternal bachelor’s degree and high subjective academic achievement were risk factors for atopic dermatitis.ConclusionWe found that high socioeconomic status (SES) was a risk factor for allergic diseases in Korean adolescents. We propose that the greater access to medical services and immunization (e.g., hygiene hypothesis) afforded by high SES influenced the prevalence of allergic diseases. Thus, as the Korean economy develops further, the prevalence of allergic diseases is likely to increase. Controlling harmful behavioral risk factors, such as drinking and smoking, may help to prevent adolescent allergic diseases.

다문화가족과 일반가족 청소년의 구강건강행태 비교 분석

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the oral health behavior in adolescents between multicultural and ordinary Korean families. Methods: The subjects were 66,797 adolescents who were derived from the web-based survey of the National 2014 Korean Youth Risk Behavior of Korean Center for Disease Control. A self-reported web-based questionnaire survey was carried out from June 1 to 30, 2013. A multicultural family is defined as the immigrant mother and child in the study. The variable included demographic, socioeconomic, and oral health related behavior. The demographic characteristics included sex, age, residence area, subjective academic achievement, type of family, education of parents, subjective economic status, and nationality before marriage. Data were analyzed by PASW statistics 18.0. Results: Tooth brushing frequency was closely related to family type, age, residence area, academic achievement, residential type, education level of the parents, and economic status. Conclusions: It is necessary to support oral health services and oral health promotion programs for the adolescents in the multicultural family.

Suicide Attempts and Associated Factors in Male and Female Korean Adolescents A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey.

Using data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, this study seeks to investigate associations of suicide attempts with family, individual, and behavioral factors on the basis of gender. Among male adolescents, those who did not live with their parents, who had poor subjective academic achievement, depression, experiences of smoking and sexual coitus, drug abuse, suicidal ideation and plans were more likely to attempt suicide. Among the female adolescents, those who did not live with their parents, had depression, low self-rated health, experiences of drug abuse and sexual coitus, and expressed unhappiness, suicidal ideation and suicide plans were more likely to attempt suicide. Thus, the development of a suicide prevention program for Korean adolescents requires different approaches for males and females.

남녀 청소년의 우울 및 자살 생각과의 관련 요인

This study aims to provide basic evidence for establishing prevention programs of school' mental health by identifying the factors of middle and high school student's depression and suicidal ideation related to stress of peer-relationship. For this purpose, we analyzed the data of 6,924 (who Experienced stress related to peer-relationship) among the 2012 Korean Youth Health Risk Behavior Online Survey(8th). In demographic characteristics, subjective academic achievement affects depression in the case of girls. In health-related characteristics, medical treatment by violence, drinking experience, smoking experience have an effect on depression in the case of boys. Subjective health, drinking experience, smoking experience, drug experience are the factors affecting suicidal ideation both boys and girls. In order to promote mental health of youth, school-based prevention education complementing existing realistic problems needs to be implemented.

Impact of critical thinking disposition, general self-efficacy, and leadership on clinical competence in nursing students.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships among critical thinking disposition, general self-efficacy, leadership and clinical competence, and identify the factors influencing clinical competence in nursing students. In this descriptive study, 153 nursing students (from 2nd to 4th school year) of a university in South Korea were enrolled in December 2010. The instruments for this study were the Korean versions of the Critical Thinking Disposition Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Leadership Inventory, and Clinical Competence Scale. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, MANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression with PASW 18.0 software. The mean scores (ranging from 1 to 5) in nursing students for critical thinking disposition, general self-efficacy, leadership, and clinical competence were 3.44, 3.51, 3.55, and 3.42, respectively. Positive correlations were found for clinical competence with critical thinking disposition, general self-efficacy, and leadership. The strongest predictor of clinical competence was leadership. In addition, leadership, nursing school year, and subjective academic achievement accounted for 34.5% of variance in clinical competence. This study revealed that developing leadership, critical thinking disposition, and self-efficacy in undergraduate nursing education is important to improve clinical competence of nursing students.

Khat (Catha edulis): academic, health and psychosocial efects on “mature” students

The leaves of the plant khat (Catha edulis) are commonly chewed in certain countries of East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Chewing of khat leaves has a deep-rooted religious and sociocultural tradition and has a peculiarity of certain influences on the physical, physiological and psychosocial well-being of those involved in the habit of chewing the leaves. The objective of this study was to investigate psychosocial, academic and health implications and reasons for students’ involvement in khat chewing habit. A cross-sectional survey of students aged 22 years and above was studied; Five hundred and twenty eight subjects participated. They were summer school students of Jimma University, Ethiopia. A self structured questionnaire was used in data collection on the socio-demographic, academic, economic and health effects of khat. Results clearly indicated that males dominated in chewing khat (63.52%); 54.9% of khat chewers were Muslims; 46.3% of the students reported focus and concentration on their studies as the reason for chewing khat. Insomnia was the major health problem indicated by 50% of the students; while 71% of the study participants reported being more sociable following khat chewing. Self acclaimed positive academic achievements were reported by 89% of the participants but there were no reported significant effects on objective academic results. It was concluded that to gain concentration and focus was the main reason for students’ khat chewing habit. However, there was no evidence of subjective academic achievement. Key Words: Khat; Catha edulis; academic achievement; health effects; mature students; socioeconomic factors; religion.