Subject-object Relations Research Articles

Musical Instruments as Scriptive Things: Instrument-Body Interactions & Racial Play in the Brazilian Music Scene in Austin, Texas

ABSTRACT This article views musical instruments in the Brazilian music scene of Austin, Texas as scriptive things (Bernstein 2009) —material objects that “assert” themselves by demanding specific human interactions. This perspective offers a means to examine how racialized ideas come to be learned and embodied via particular subject-object relations. I argue that white Americans’ engagement in the scene often constitutes a form of racial drag or play, wherein ideas about—and the boundaries of—blackness and whiteness are ultimately reified. This article contributes to the broad scope and intersectionality of organology by merging Performance Studies and Ethnomusicological approaches to racial formation.

Adorno on objects: towards an inclusive social theory

ABSTRACT In this paper, we draw insights from Theodor W. Adorno’s views on objects to demonstrate the relevance of the subject-object-oriented model of social theory. By engaging closely with his notion of the ‘preponderance of the object’, we develop an account of social ontology that blends substantial, relational, and processual ontologies. We highlight the usefulness of Adorno’s social ontology in addressing contemporary social concerns related to subject-object relations, such as the reification of consciousness and objectification. Furthermore, we emphasize its significance in light of distorted subject-object relations. Considering these aspects, we argue that subject-object oriented social theory is more inclusive and relevant than the intersubjective model that emerged after the linguistic turn in Critical Theory.

Research of semantic aspects of the Kazakh language when translating into the Kazakh sign language

The article discusses the semantic aspects of Kazakh sign language and its characteristics. Semantics, a field within linguistics, focuses on examining the meanings conveyed by expressions and combinations of signs. The author delves into the inquiry of the degree of similarity between verbal and sign languages, highlighting their fundamental distinctions. The primary objective of the research is to scrutinize the characteristics of parts of speech in the Kazakh language when expressed gesturally, along with the principles governing the translation of verbs and adverbial tenses. The article explains in detail the formulas for translating the text into sign language, based on the subject-object-predicate. Examples are given that illustrate the subject-object relationship and determine who acts as the speaker, "object" or "subject" of the utterance. It is necessary to note that for successful translation it is necessary first to understand the meaning of the sentence. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding both structural elements and contextual nuances in the fascinating world of the semantics of the Kazakh sign language. It inspires further research aimed at uncovering the complexities and exceptions that contribute to a deep understanding of linguistic nuances in this unique form of communication.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL TYPE "WRITER"

The article attempts to classify writers the linguistic and cultural type of writer. The relevance of the study of the linguistic and cultural type of writer is determined by the signifi cance of writers in the development of the culture of a particular people, as well as the world cultural heritage in general. Based on the modeling of linguistic and cultural types, an analysis of the components of the type presented for research is carried out. The con-ceptual component is represented by the study of dictionary entries, as well as the defi nition of lexemes included in the semantic field of the criterion. The fi gurative and associative features inherent in writers are considered. The axiological side of the linguistic and cultural type of writer is represented by the value guidelines of the writer’s creative activity. Writing activity is a subject-object relationship, where the subject is the author of the work, and the object is the result of his creativity. Also included in this scheme is the reader, who, depending on the position of consideration, can be both an object and a subject. Thus, we have identifi ed two categories of criteria: subjective and objective. The subjective components of the linguistic and cultural type of writer include the following criteria: talent, fame, signifi cance, professionalism. The category of object components of the linguistic and cultural type of a writer includes two criteria: the type and genre of literature, as well as the author’s target audience. The criteria "talent", "fame" and “professionalism” are presented in the form of dichotomies, that is, components that are mutu-ally exclusive. A dichotomous approach to classifying the components of the linguistic and cultural type of writer expands the concept of writer and also allows us to clarify its defi nition. As a result of the study, it was revealed that, regarding the volume of components of the object category of criteria, two components are distinguished — gift and glory. The completeness and complexity of the criteria allow us to draw a conclusion about the importance of the “fame” component for American linguistic culture. In addition, this allows us to make an assumption about the uni-versal nature of the "gift" criterion as characteristic of the linguistic and cultural type of writer in diff erent cultures.

The Implications of Attunement and Understanding on Heidegger’s Viewpoint in Education

Heidegger in attunement and understanding quests genuine Dasein who disclosed to the world authentically. Definitely, Heidegger’s genuine Dasein is distant from Descartes subject and not considering its relationship with the world and people base on subject- object relationship. It is aware of its worldliness and its understanding of it, therefore cannot consider itself superior than other race and people or like the modern man cannot consider itself a model for others. Thus, it is possible to establish human relationships that are no longer based on the subject-object relationship. Hence, in this essay, these basic existentialia of human being studied and its educational implications are examined. As a philosophical research, attunement and understanding from Heidegger’s viewpoint are declared, and then in educational context some guidelines such as attention to students’ mood, interest, understanding, and interpreting are inferred for policy makers and for an effective curriculum. Moreover, drawing hermeneutical cycle of understanding the importance of students’ preconceptions is raised. Elaborating the process of evaluating and the worlds involved in learning canalso help teachers to be more fair and effective which are discussed in the paper.

Empirical Study on Effectively Constructing the Subject-Object Relationship in High School Ideological and Political Education

Empirical Study on Effectively Constructing the Subject-Object Relationship in High School Ideological and Political Education

Sound as idea and matter: the problem of the nature of sound in the context of subject-object relations

Sound as idea and matter: the problem of the nature of sound in the context of subject-object relations

Non-subjective artificial intelligence in the system of subject-object relations

Expansion of functional capabilities of artificial intelligence systems actualizes the question of the possibility of their autonomous activity aimed at cognition and creation of the world. A significant factor determining the properties of artificial intelligence is its subjectiveness. If the world is deterministic, its subjectiveness is not necessary to ensure the functionality of artificial intelligence. Subjectiveness, however, is necessary for the initialization of cognitive or creative activity. A reasonable question arises regarding the ability of non-subjective artificial intelligence to act as a subject of cognition. Studies show that two main forms of participation of non-subject artificial intelligence in the system of subject-object relations are possible: as part of an integrated subject of cognition, in which a human being-operator plays the leading role, or fully autonomous functioning of artificial intelligence initialized (formalized or non-formalized) by the tasks of satisfying human being's needs. The analysis of the properties of cognition by means of artificial intelligence and other cognitive systems shows that the ability to act as a subject of cognition is formed not at the formation of subjectness, but at a lower level - the level of formation of self-consciousness, available to relatively uncomplicated cognitive systems, both natural and artificial. The conclusion about the direct connection between self-consciousness and the ability to cognize follows from the definition of cognition in the logic of subject-object opposition, corresponding to the epistemological interpretation of subject-object relations. However, an alternative ontological interpretation is also possible, which identifies being and consciousness. Such an idealistic understanding of the world corresponds to the philosophy of irrationalism, in the framework of which a reliable answer to the question of the necessity of subjectiveness for solving intellectual problems cannot be obtained.

Being and Greenness: Phenomenology of the Poetic Persona and Nature in Dylan Thomas’s Green Poems

Ecopoetry, a relatively recent approach in ecocriticism, refers to nature poems which are closely linked to environmental issues. Deliberating nature in poetry is indeed not something new, yet, what is new in ecopoetry, which is a characteristic that discerns it from, especially Romantic poetry, is that it delineates the relationship between the human and non-human worlds. In other words, ecopoetry stands out from both contemporary nature poetry and Romanticist poetry. It is characterized by the eco-centric view it provides, which axiomatically brings with it the principle of reciprocity, interrelationship, and egalitarianism. In this perspective one might argue that the majority of Dylan Thomas’s (1914-1953) nature poems could be rendered ecopoems as they see nature and natural phenomena as components of a unified and closely connected whole. In these poems Dylan Thomas’s poetic eye adopts an eco-centric verb tense and functions as a camera which record the harmonised movements of the poetic persona and the natural phenomena manifesting the intentionality of the eye of the ecopoet. Through this particular vision Dylan Thomas generates a place out of space in which both human and the other-than-human are deployed, thereby creating a specific subject-object relationship according to which the existence of the human and the non-human are interrelated. This study focuses on the ontological relationship between the poetic persona and nature and analyses the subject-object relationship in Thomas’s “Poem in October”, “The Force That Through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower”, and “Fern Hill” through the lens of phenomenology and object-oriented ontology.

Язык как ключ к реальности: от философии имени к дискурсу

Language and consciousness are two transcendental categories that determine the processes of cognition, thinking, introspection, perception, and subject-object relations. At different stages of philosophy, they were interpreted depending on the dominant philosophical and ideological paradigm in relation to reality, the existential goals of the subject and society, and methodological approaches, e.g., phenomenological, hermeneutical, discursive, etc. This article systematizes the basic concepts of language in various historical epochs, i.e., from antiquity to the XXI century. The evolution of views on language is represented not from the standpoint of self-reference, but through the prism of socio-cultural and socio-historical changes in reality and its relation to the subject. The author traced the development of the philosophy of language and defined the reasons behind the evolution of approaches to language and consciousness. The article attempts to answer two questions: How do different paradigms of the philosophy of language and consciousness approach the matter of subject’s access to the real world? To what extent were paradigm shifts caused by the changing cultural, historical, and socio-political backgrounds? Since evolutionary epistemology identifies gnoseology as one of the main functions of language, the categories of thinking and understanding receive special attention. The growing complexity of the world order affects the relationship between language and consciousness, i.e., from singularity (philosophy of name) to continuality (discourse).

The experimental method of G. Galileo in the context of the formation of the concept of the subject in the philosophy of the Modern Times

Understanding the subject is of constant interest in modern philosophy. Turning to the subject allows deepening the understanding of the nature of its activity, as well as the creative and transformative relationship of a person to the world. The emergence of the concept of the subject occurs in the Modern era and is associated with the development of the scientific method. Along with resolving the questions facing the epistemology of the Modern era, the subject-object relation arises as a specific way of solving the problem of intensive development of natural philosophy and mathematical disciplines. The research shows the interrelation between the method of intellectual experiment in the concept of G. Galileo and the development of understanding the subject in the Modern era, as well as its change in modern philosophy (20th-21st centuries). By examining the characteristic features and specific examples of the application of the method of intellectual experiment in the research, the degree of influence of G. Galileo on the development of science and philosophy of the Modern era is demonstrated. By using a comparative and analytical method, the interrelation of G. Galileo's intellectual experiment, understanding the subject in philosophy, and the ways of carrying out scientific activities is demonstrated. The content of the concept of the "subject" is expanded through the use of the phenomenological method, allowing to specify the boundaries of the subject's activity and the relationship between the subject and the object in the Modern era and in modern philosophy. The novelty of the research lies in the formulation of the question of the interrelation between G. Galileo's intellectual experiment and the methods of modern experimental sciences. The understanding of the subject as one of the basic categories of philosophy is clarified through the analysis of the ways of working with the subject-object relationship proposed in the philosophy of the Modern era. In particular, Galileo's way of dealing with the subject-object relationship implies taking into account the gap between the subject and the object as a special space, filling which through intellectual experiment, the researcher creates a model of experience relevant to the object of study and available for joint use with other researchers subsequently. The creation by G. Galileo of a model of experience in the process of intellectual experiment is reasoned as one of the basic methods of obtaining new knowledge in natural science disciplines in modern science.

‘A random assembly of geometric forms’: Thing Theory in J. G. Ballard's and Ray Bradbury's short stories

AbstractThing Theory is a relatively new field of research, developed largely by Bill Brown on the basis of an already existing new materialist movement with roots reaching back to Martin Heidegger's interrogation of the ontology of things in ‘Das Ding’. Focusing on the interconnectedness of objects, their modes of being and irreducible ‘thingness’, as well as the agency objects are shown to exert when freed from the constraints of a subject‐centred perspective, this article presents a reading of three short stories by J. G. Ballard and Ray Bradbury which showcase how such issues are navigated in narrative form. Of particular interest for this article is the subject–object relationship, and the notion of ‘thingness’ as developed in Thing Theory in relation to the unique role accorded to the environment and inanimate objects in J. G. Ballard's and Ray Bradbury's selected works of fiction. It will be shown that a common theme connecting these works is the presence of a confrontation with the external world as it exists outside the definitions imposed on it by human subjects.

SUBJECT-OBJECT RELATIONS IN THE PSYCHOLOGY OF CONSCIOUSNESS

The article formulates the purpose of consciousness, which determines the direction of research in this work as a whole, namely: consciousness and self-awareness enable the subject, in the process of thinking, to realize (understand and feel) what it is like to be «there» – in a situation that is mentally assumed, and to make a decision about his real or imaginary actions. Based on the principle of subject-object relations, the mechanisms of functioning of all types of consciousness are considered from the first person, according to the general scheme. The systemic processes of consciousness and self-awareness are described as components of the thinking circuit, which is the inner world of the subject, covered by feedback. Consciousness is the flow of the subject’s experiences of images of representations of the states of his inner world. Experiences are realized in subject-object relations, where the object is an image of the representation of a fragment of the inner world in a past state, and the subject is represented by a psychosomatic image of «I» in the context of his inner world in the state of «here and now». Such a fragment can be any independent object of the inner world in a past state, including the image of «I», which is the basis of all «self-» processes, including self-knowledge, self-awareness, self-reflection, self-reference. The result of experience is subjective reality, which the subject perceives in the forms and modalities of the subject’s perception of the external world. It is shown that the processes of consciousness and self-awareness occur simultaneously. At the same time, awareness of the objects of the external and internal worlds occurs simultaneously with the subject’s awareness of himself. This solves the problem of distinguishing between the subject himself and the other. A unified procedure of consciousness is proposed, which is a multi-loop cyclical process that includes both the cognitive components of experiences and conscious reactions of the body, sensations and emotions. The principles of formation and interaction of cycles of consciousness of various types have been studied: self-awareness, awareness of independent objects, awareness of bodily reactions, emotions, awareness of the subject-object relations themselves from the first person position.

"Dasein" или "поток переживаний": онтологические основания человека через призму феноменологического и психоаналитического подходов

The article addresses the problem of human existence from the standpoint of phenomenological and psychoanalytic approaches. Human existence from the standpoint of phenomenology is revealed by the concept of Dasein – “here is being” – derived from the consciousness of a person whose being is the being of his consciousness. Psychoanalysis considers human existence as a stream of experiences, often of an unconscious nature, as a result of “games of the unconscious”; however, consciousness and living by the consciousness of the irrational unconscious drives have a therapeutic significance in the treatment of mental disorders, and therefore consciousness is of crucial importance in the ontological foundations of psychoanalysis. This confirms the desubjectifying and rationalizing role of the analyst in a psychoanalytic situation. The aim of the article is to consider the ontological foundations of man through the prism of phenomenological and psychoanalytic approaches. As a result, their common and special features were identified, the concept of Dasien analysis was considered, represented by the use of a phenomenological approach to psychoanalysis. The methodology of the study is related to its problem field. The main method of research is phenomenological analysis. The research also relies on a number of general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, modeling, ascent from the abstract to the concrete, abstraction. When considering human existence, a dialectical approach was used in the context of the study of the relations of the dichotomous pair “consciousness – the unconscious” as the subject-object foundations of existence. Exploring human existence through the prism of phenomenology and psychoanalysis, similarities were revealed in the understanding of the role of rational or conscious processes in human existence in the works of Martin Heidegger and Sigmund Freud. In phenomenology, the intentionality of consciousness was considered as the most essential being, Dasein residing in active actual thinking. In psychoanalysis, consciousness is the possibility of healing from mental disorders, where the awareness and rationalization of the problem become the central tools of psychoanalytic therapy. For Dasein analysis, consciousness is actually equated with human existence; namely, Dasein is a true reality, while not split by the dichotomy of subject-object relations.

ПРЕДОСТАВЛЕНИЕ ТАМОЖЕННЫХ УСЛУГ КАК СПОСОБ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ МЕЖДУ ФИЗИЧЕСКИМИ И ДОЛЖНОСТНЫМИ ЛИЦАМИ В ВОЗДУШНЫХ ПУНКТАХ ПРОПУСКА

The article theoretically substantiates the subject-object relations arising in the field of customs services as one of the key elements of the modern concept of service-oriented customs administration. Within the framework of the analyzed approach, the role of individuals (or passengers) is considered as subjects of consumption of various customs services. The objects of providing customs services, including customs control services, customs declaration and document management services, as well as customs communications services, are discussed. The key aspects of interaction between subjects and objects in the context of improving the efficiency of passenger service are highlighted.

The concept of regional sectoral development in modern trends of sustainability and digitalization

The article examines the main provisions of the concept of regional sectoral development in modern trends of sustainable development and digitalization, which is aimed at ensuring the competitiveness of a specific territory, self-sufficiency of specific sectors of the economy. Undoubtedly, the vectors of the digital economy and sustainable development have a direct impact on technological and innovative processes, as well as the need to transition to a new technological order in each region of Russia. The region, being a territorial natural and social complex, concentrates natural, social and economic resources. The development of regional industries takes place in the system of subject-object relations based on the theory and methodology of economic science.

Сучасні тенденції розвитку комунікаційної діяльності як інструменту публічного адміністрування

The article analyzes the communication paradigm of relations between government and society. The main functions of state communication are analyzed. Different stages of the communicative process are considered. Modern approaches in the field of management of political and communicative processes in government bodies are highlighted. Attention is drawn to the complication of the social structure and connections, the increase of non-state participants in the political process, the formation of the infrastructure of the information society, and the growing role of horizontal connections, which require new approaches in managing political processes. The focus of the scientific article is on new communication practices and the possibilities of their use in political activity, among which strategic management technologies and PR activities, crowdsourcing technology, Internet technologies, and network communities stand out. On the one hand, new information technologies can significantly transform the modern communication practices of authorities, contributing to the establishment of rigid forms of power based on subordination and subject-object relations. On the other hand, information can be used to form a new image of power, which received the concept of “soft power” in the literature, using “soft technologies”. In modern democratic states, for the most part, the interaction of authorities with the objects of the socio-political process is ensured by using political communication tools and developing feedback mechanisms. The role of communication relations in the public administration system is growing, and the communication component of political reality is changing and becoming increasingly complicated. Legitimate interaction mechanisms between authorities and society are now formally established in Ukraine. However, their effectiveness is constantly questioned by both political scientists and the very objects of the socio-political process. The strategic transformations currently taking place in the country’s political life, following a change during political and socio-economic development, also suggest a change in the political and communication component of the political process. At the same time, the government itself at the highest level puts forward new requirements for political communication of the authorities, which consist of a reorientation to an open discussion of the strategies and directions of the country’s development, as well as a transition to an open and interactive format of interaction. Keywords: public administration, communication, public relations, public communication, stages of communication.

Il movimento dell’immagine, da Hans-Georg Gadamer a Paul Klee

H.-G. Gadamer states, in Truth and Method, that the image is “an ontological fact”. This ontology is defined in a dynamic and relational sense, in particular in connection with the no-tion of Event (Ereignis), under Heidegger’s legacy. Our con-tribution is aimed at deepening this junction, dealing with the question of the image in the work of the German phi-losopher, and paying particular attention to the dimension of the symbolic and to the complex relationship between the notions of ‘mediation’ and ‘immediacy’. The image thus appears in the hermeneutical context as a form of move-ment, i.e. a symbol of the perennial ‘excess’ of meaning in the subject-object relation. This perspective, beyond any mimetic and reductionist view, will be verified in the work of Paul Klee. In fact, the painter offers various iconographic hints that enhance the metamorphic dimension of the figu-ration. Klee’s bildnerische Denken, in which an original ‘an-gel-iconology’ emerges, founds a cosmos of images which operate as forces in movement.

Typology and specificity of biology philosophical problems

The article examines a new complexity problem of ontology brought to life by technical interventions in living systems. The object is the philosophical problems of biology, the subject of the research is to identify the specifics and typology of the philosophical problems of biology.The development of experimental technology predetermined the transition of biology to the molecular (genomic) level, which made it one of the leaders among the natural sciences. Biology is changing the scientific picture of the world within the framework of cybernetic ontology, a new paradigm, wherein molecules are used as vehicles for transmitting information, and life sciences are transformed into “technobiological art.” The nature of scientific knowledge transforms subject-object relations, knowledge is determined by techno-scientific methods and techniques in the field of biomedical and information technologies. Practical and theoretical schemes of biology act as a special model of experimental measurement practice and as a project of technical action.Technology raises many socio-ethical issues that go beyond the purview of natural scientists and engineers. Both philosophers and natural scientists are disturbed by the idea that the development of natural science has changed or will change in the nearest future civilization and the destinies of mankind.

Лексико-грамматические особенности традиционных речевых формул осетинского языка

The article is devoted to the lexical and grammatical features characteristic of traditional speech formulas actively used in the Ossetian language. The pragmatic orientation of such formulas dictates a special structural and compositional completeness, which is provided by the necessary component composition, lexical and morphological and stylistic means of the language. The activators of communicative tasks are imperative verbs in the constant part of the speech formula and demonstrative pronouns that determine the subject-object relations of the communicants of the speech situation. The semantic part of the formula contains a compactly designed message of the desired information, which is realized through figurative comparisons with the support of cultural realities and conceptual significant dominants. With a variety of bright expressive means of the Ossetian language in speech formulas, their compactness is achieved by using various grammatical forms of words and phrases, the most common of which are complex lexical formations, reduplicants, nominative binomials, paired words of antonymic and synonymous order. It is noteworthy that the stable expressions and phraseological units of the Ossetian language as part of speech formulas tend to merge, forming complex gaps, easily recognizable only through the syntactic fundamental principle. Combinations according to the type of subordinating connection are most often converted into nouns, participial forms and adverbs, and the coordinating connection between words in speech formulas tends to form paired words.