Subgroup IIa Research Articles

Chemical Variability of the Leaf Essential Oil of Two Subspecies of Juniperus oxycedrus L. From Northwestern Algeria.

Thirty-seven essential oil samples have been isolated from leaves of individual plants of Juniperus oxycedrus (subspecies oxycedrus and macrocarpa) growing wild in Tlemcen and Aïn Témouchent provinces (Northwestern Algeria). Analysis of eight selected oil samples by GC(RI), GC/MS and 13C NMR, allowed the identification of 88 components that accounted for 84.4-99.5 % of the whole compositions. The 37 compositions were subjected to statistical analysis which suggested the existence of groups and sub-groups I, IIA and IIB. Group I, the most important group with 24 oil samples out of 37, differed from sub-groups IIA and IIB, essentially by the high content of α-pinene (mean value, 69.2 %; SD 6.24). Sub-groups IIA and IIB were differentiated by their content of α-pinene (Mean values, 49.7 % and 27.3 %, respectively) as well as δ-3-carene (10.3 %, sub-group IIA), sabinene and (Z)-6-pentadecen-2-one (8.7 % and 4.9 %, respectively, sub-group IIB).

Fracture resistance of postendodontic restoration using self-adhesive bioactive resin and a bulk-fill composite with or without resin-impregnated glass fibers: An in vitro study.

Due to advancements in adhesive technology and the introduction of fiber reinforcement, there has been a paradigm shift towards a more minimally invasive approach in coronal restoration of endodontically treated teeth. This research aimed to evaluate and compare fracture resistance of postendodontic restoration using a self-adhesive bioactive resin and a bulk-fill composite with or without resin-impregnated glass fibers. Mesio-occlusal-distal cavities were prepared on 80 extracted human maxillary premolars. Root canal treatment was completed following standard access cavity preparation. Then, the teeth were divided into two groups based on the composite used for postendodontic restoration. Group I: Bulk-fill composite (Tetric N-Ceram). Group II: Activa BioActive. Group I and Group II were then divided into two subgroups depending on fiber incorporation (n = 20). Subgroup IA: Bulk-fill composite. Subgroup IB: Bulk-fill composite with fiber incorporation. Subgroup IIA: Activa BioActive. Subgroup IIB: Activa BioActive with fiber incorporation. The force required to fracture the teeth was recorded using the universal testing machine. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple post hoc test. Activa BioActive with fiber incorporation showed the highest mean fracture resistance (988.52N). Bulk-fill composite without fiber incorporation had the least mean fracture resistance (669.87N). Activa BioActive bulk-fill restorative material when used with the incorporation of resin-impregnated glass fibers can be a preferred material of choice for restoring endodontically treated teeth.

Using three-dimensional geometric morphometry for facial analysis in patients with the oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum.

To utilize three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometry for visualization of the level of facial asymmetry in patients with the oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS). Three-dimensional facial scans of 25 Czech patients with OAVS were processed. The patients were divided into subgroups according to Pruzansky classification. For 13 of them, second 3D facial scans were obtained. The 3D facial scans were processed using geometric morphometry. Soft tissue facial asymmetry in the sagittal plane and its changes in two time spots were visualized using colour-coded maps with a thermometre-like scale. Individual facial asymmetry was visualized in all patients as well as the mean facial asymmetry for every Pruzansky subgroup. The mean colour-coded maps of type I and type IIA subgroups showed no differences in facial asymmetry, more pronounced asymmetry in the middle and the lower facial third was found between type IIA and type IIB (maximum 1.5 mm) and between type IIB and type III (maximum 2 mm). The degree of intensity facial asymmetry in affected middle and lower facial thirds did not change distinctly during the two time spots in all subgroups. The 3D geometric morphometry in OAVS patients could be a useful tool for objective facial asymmetry assessment in patients with OAVS. The calculated colour-coded maps are illustrative and useful for clinical evaluation.

The Potential Role of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Exosomes on Experimentally Induced Osteoarthritis of Knee Joint in Male Albino Rats. Histological and Immunohistochemical Study

Abstract Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder worldwide characterized by progressive loss of articular cartilage. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) derived Exosomes as a promising therapy for treating osteoarthritis. Aim of the Work to study the healing potential of BMSCs derived exosomes on experimentally induced knee osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods Forty adult male albino rats, weighing 200-250 gm, were used in this study, five rats used as a source of BM-MSCs derived exosomes. The other thirty-five rats were randomly divided into three main groups Group I: The control group (20 rats) in which rats were subdivided into four subgroups. Subgroups IA and IB were sacrificed 2 and 6 weeks after the beginning of the experiment. Subgroup IC left for 2 weeks then were received intra-articular injection of 0.1ml Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) in right knee joint once weekly for 4 weeks Subgroup ID: left for 2 weeks then given intra-articular injection of purified exosome concentrate in the right knee joint once weekly for 4 weeks then the animals were sacrificed Group II:(15 rats) in which OA was induced by intra-articular injection of 2% formaldehyde solution in the right knee joints. The rats of group II were subdivided into two subgroups. Subgroups IIA and IIB were sacrificed 2 and 6 weeks after induction of OA respectively. Group III (5 rats), Osteoarthritis induced, as in group II and animals left for 2 weeks then treated by intra-articular injection of purified exosome concentrate in right knee joint once weekly for 4 weeks. The right joints from all groups were collected, decalcified and processed for histological studies. Morphometric and statistical measurements were done. Results Histological examination of the right knee joints of OA group (subgroups IIA and IIB) showed surface erosions, decrease cartilage thickness, chondrocytes with pyknotic nuclei and areas of chondrocytes loss with longitudinal clefts reaching the deep zone. Synovial membrane of group II showed increased thickness of the intima, mononuclear cellular infiltration with abundant collagen fibres deposition and dilated congested blood vessels in subintima, apparent increase in the number of iNOS positive intimal synovial cells. Meanwhile, group III showed smooth articular surface, with multiple colonies of chondrocytes and multiple cell nests, significant increase in the mean area percentage of PCNA positive chondrocytes in animals of group Ш when compared to all the other groups. Conclusion BMSCs derived exosomes improved OA induced damage of articular cartilage and synovial membrane. Therefore, it offers a cell-free treatment of OA and joint damage.

Внутрішньовенна інфузія лідокаїну для попередження хронічного післяопераційного болю в дітей після різних видів оперативних втручань

Chronic postoperative pain is a serious postoperative complication. Inadequate pain management in the early postoperative period can contribute to the development of hyperalgesia. Aim - to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous infusion of lidocaine in the prevention of chronic postoperative pain after various types of surgical intervention in children and adolescents. Materials and methods. 150 children who underwent under general multicomponent anesthesia surgical interventions due to traumatic pathology (I group, n=40), abdominal (II group, n=48) and urological (III group, n=62) surgical interventions were examined. Each of these groups was divided into two subgroups: in the subgroups Ib (n=17), IIb (n=19) and IIIb (n=24) children received intravenous lidocaine (according to the instructions) as a component of multimodal analgesia in the perioperative period, in the control subgroups Ia (n=23), IIa (n=29) and IIIa (n=38) children did not receive lidocaine. The presence of chronic postoperative pain 6 and 12 months after the operation, its frequency, localization, intensity according, the impact on the child’s daily activity were analyzed. Data analysis was performed using the statistical package «SPSS 20» (SPSS Inc.) version 21.0.0. Results. Perioperative use of intravenous lidocaine infusion inpediatric patients was associated with a lower incidence of chronic pain 6 and 12 months after trauma surgery (odds ratio (OR): 5.13; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.13-23.3 and OR: 4.24; 95% CI: 1.01-93.48, respectively) and after abdominal surgery (OR: 5.19; 95% CI: 1.02-26.94), as well as a higher level of functional activity after trauma (OR: 5.52; 95% CI: 1.08-28.2; p=0.028) and abdominal surgery (OR: 8.1; 95% CI: 1.01-70.36; p=0.032), but not after urological operations. Conclusions. This study demonstrated the efficacy of intravenous infusion of lidocaine to prevent of chronic pain after trauma and abdominal surgery in pediatric patients. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all participating institutions. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

The effect of restorative material selection and cementation procedures on the durability of endocrowns in the anterior teeth: an in-vitro study

ObjectiveTo investigate the fracture resistance and failure modalities of anterior endocrown restorations fabricated employing diverse ceramic materials, and bonded using various cementation methodologies.Materials and methodsForty maxillary central incisors were divided into two main groups based on the ceramic materials used; GroupI (Zir): zirconia endocrwons (Zolid HT+, Ceramill, Amanngirrbach) and GroupII (E-Max): e-max endocrowns (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent). Both groups were further split into two subgroups depending on the cementation protocols; subgroup IA “ZirMDP”: endocowns cemented with MDP primer + MDP resin cement, subgroup IB (ZirNon-MDP): cemented with MDP primer + non-MDP resin cement, subgroup IIA (E-maxMDP): cemented with MDP primer + MDP resin cement, subgroup IIB (E-maxNon-MDP): cemented with MDP primer + non-MDP resin cement. (n = 10/subgroup). Endocrowns were manufactured using CAD/ CAM. Teeth were subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles. The fracture test was performed at 45o with a palatal force direction until the fracture occurred. Test results were recorded in Newton. The failure mode was examined using a stereomicroscope. A One-way ANOVA test was utilized to compare different groups regarding fracture strength values. Tukey`s Post Hoc was utilized for multiple comparisons.ResultsThe comparative analysis of fracture strength across the diverse groups yielded non-significant differences, as indicated by a p-value exceeding 0.05. Nonetheless, an observable trend emerged regarding the mode of failure. Specifically, a statistically significant prevalence was noted in fractures localized within the endocrown/tooth complex below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) across all groups, except for Group IIB, “E-max Non-MDP,” where fractures within the endocrown/tooth complex occurred above the CEJ.ConclusionsCombining an MDP-based primer with an MDP-based resin cement did not result in a significant effect on the anterior endocrown fracture strength.Clinical relevanceRegardless of the presence of the MDP monomer in its composition, adhesive resin cement achieved highly successful fracture strength when used with MDP-based ceramic primers. Additionally, ceramic materials exhibiting elastic moduli surpassing those of dentin are discouraged due to their propensity to induce catastrophic fractures within the tooth structure.

Characteristics of the reproductive potential of women with ovarian endometrioma

Endometriosis is one of the most studied hormone-dependent pathological conditions in modern gynecological practice, which is diagnosed in 300 million women of reproductive age worldwide. The frequency of endometriosis in the general population of women is 10–15%, its rate is 46% among the patients with infertility and 80% – among the patients with pelvic pain syndrome. Ovarian endometriomas in the structure of external genital endometriosis account for 64%.The objective: to determine the state of the ovarian reserve in women of reproductive age with ovarian endometriomas depending on the surgical treatment method.Materials and methods. The study involved 120 women of reproductive age with ovarian endometriomas, who were surgically treated by laparoscopic access, and 30 women of the control group, who were included in the examination for the purpose of evaluating the physiological parameters of the ovarian reserve, who applied for the solution of contraception issues.Group I included 60 women who underwent intraoperative bipolar coagulation (BC) of the ovarian medulla for the purpose of hemostasis, 30 persons of them underwent inversion cystectomy (Subgroup IA) and 30 patients underwent traditional cystectomy (Subgroup IB).Group II included 60 patients who underwent intraoperative BC of the medullary and cortical layers, of which 30 underwent inversion cystectomy (Subgroup IIA) and 30 underwent traditional cystectomy (Subgroup IIB).For the assessment the functional state of the ovaries echographic examination, Doppler study and hormonal examination were carried out (determination of the concentration of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), basal level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), inhibin B in blood plasma) before and 3 months after surgical treatment.Results. The indicators of the ovarian reserve of the patients of the studied groups before the surgical treatment were significantly different from the indicators of the women of the control group, which was manifested by a decreased number of antral follicles (AF) by 1.6 times, a decreased volume of ovarian tissue by 1.5 times, a decreased vascularization index (IV) by 2.4 times and the blood flow index (IC) by 1.2 times, an increase in the FSH index by 1.3 times, a decreased AMH level by 1.3 times and a decreased inhibin B concentration by 2.3 times (p<0, 05).After the surgical intervention, even more pronounced pathological changes in the reproductive potential were found, which were associated with deep neurovascular disorders in the ovaries and the death of part of the generative cells as a result of the cystectomy and hemostasis with the use of high-frequency energy.Conclusions. When using BC of the medullary and cortical layers of the ovaries a decreased number of AF by 48.8% and the decreased volume of the tissue of the operated ovary by 41.3% were found compared to the preoperative period, which is 4.1 and 3.1 times more than with BC of the medullary layer (p<0.05). Hormonal homeostasis disorders were manifested by a compensatory increased level of FSH by 46.8% and a decreased AMH concentration by 23.5% (p<0.05).In the case of the use of BC of the medulla of the ovary with inversion cystectomy, the decrease in the ovarian reserve is expressed at least. The use of BC of the medullary and cortical layers of the ovary with inversion cystectomy leads to a decreased ovarian reserve to a low level 2.2 times less often than when using a classic cystectomy (p<0.05).

The efficacy of cercarial antigen loaded on nanoparticles as a potential vaccine candidate in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice.

Schistosomiasis is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality from parasitic diseases. Mass treatment has proven to be insufficient because of repeated infection after treatment and the appearance of strains resistant to drug therapy. Hence, immunization is a new approach to control the disease and limit the pathological consequences of schistosomiasis. To evaluate the prophylactic effect of Cercarial antigen (CAP) loaded on chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) as a potential vaccine against Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. 130 mice divided into 2 groups were used: Group I: Control groups (50 mice) subdivided into subgroup Ia (10 mice): Non-infected mice (normal control), subgroup Ib (20 mice): Schistosoma infected mice (infected control) and subgroup Ic (20 mice): Non-infected mice receiving NPs only. Group II: Vaccinated group (80 mice) subdivided equally into subgroup IIa (CAP): Received cercarial antigen and subgroup IIb (CAP + CSNP): Received cercarial antigen loaded on chitosan NPs then both vaccinated groups were infected with S. mansoni 3 weeks following the initial vaccination dose. CAP + CSNP and CAP groups showed significant reduction in adult worms count, hepatic egg count, hepatic granulomas number and size in comparison to the infected control group. Elevation of serum IgG and IgM levels, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell frequencies, IL-4, IL-10 and INF-γ levels was more significant in CAP + CSNP group than CAP group. CAP + CSNP is a promising new preparation of Schistosomal antigens that gave better results than immunization with CAP alone. CSNPs enhanced the immune and protective effect of CAP as validated by parasitological, histopathological and immunohistochemical studies.

The PLA2 inhibitor from Crotalus durissus terrificus blood plasma (CNF) inhibits group III-PLA2 from honeybee venom

Crotalus neutralizing factor (CNF) is an endogenous glycoprotein from Crotalus durissus terrificus snake blood that inhibits secretory phospholipases A2 (sPLA2) from the Viperid but not from Elapid venoms (subgroups IA and IIA, respectively). In the present study, we demonstrated that CNF can inhibit group III-PLA2 from bee venom by forming a stable enzyme-inhibitor complex. This finding opens up new possibilities for the potential use of CNF and/or CNF-based derivatives in the therapeutics of bee stings.

Вплив періопераційної внутрішньовенної інфузії лідокаїну на якість післяопераційного відновлення після різних видів оперативних втручань у дітей

Introduction. Early postoperative recovery in pediatric practice is an important problem for patients and the health care system as a whole. Aim: to investigate the quality of postoperative recovery of children after various types of surgical interventions. Materials and methods. The study involved 150 children who underwent trauma (group I), abdominal (group II) and urological (group III) surgical interventions. Each of these groups was divided into two subgroups: Іb (n=17), ІІb (n=19) and ІІІb (n=24) subgroups - included children who received intravenous lidocaine in the perioperative period, control Ia (n=23), IIa (n=29) and IIIa (n=38) subgroups - included children to whom lidocaine was not prescribed. The PaedQoR-15 questionnaire was used to assess the quality of postoperative recovery. Results. The use of perioperative intravenous lidocaine infusion is associated with an increase, compared to the control group, in the PaedQoR-15 score by 10.6% at 24 hours after trauma surgical interventions, by 21.3% and by 17% after abdominal and urological surgical interventions due to a decrease in the frequency of postoperative nausea after abdominal surgery, skin itching after all analyzed types of surgical treatment, a reduction 26.7% reduction in the time until the first gas release and by 19.3% reduction in the time until the appearance of bowel movements/defecation after abdominal surgery. It was observed that the stay of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) was reduced by 120 minutes after trauma surgery and by 1.8 times after abdominal surgery. Conclusions. Perioperative lidocaine infusion may be useful in rapid postoperative rehabilitation programs. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all participating institutions. The informed consent of parents and children was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Assessment of anthropometric measurements of premature children with physical developmental delays at preschool age

Assessment of child growth and development is crucial for paediatricians, as delays in these areas have significant socio-economic implications and their treatment can be costly. Aim. To evaluate the anthropometric measurements of premature children with physical developmental delay at preschool age. Materials and methods. The retrospective and prospective studies were conducted. A total of 108 children participated in the study. The children were classified into three groups: the main group, the comparison group, and the control group. The average age of children in the main group was 3.9±0.20 years, in the comparison group it was 4.2±0.19 years, and in the control group - 4.1±0.15 years. The main group (group I, n=57) was further divided into two subgroups: subgroup IA comprised 45 children born with a body weight appropriate for gestational age, subgroup IB consisted of 12 children with low body weight for gestational age (LBWGA). The comparison group (group II; n=31) was also divided into two subgroups: subgroup IIA included 26 children born with a normal body weight for their gestational age, subgroup IIB consisted of five children born with a low body weight for their gestational age. The control group comprised 20 premature infants born at 29-36 weeks of gestation with relatively satisfactory antenatal and intrapartum periods and no physical developmental delays. Physical development was evaluated based on anthropometry measurements, including height and body weight. Results. The study included 57% male and 43% female children. Among the children with physical developmental delay, 37% were from the first gestation, 44.3% from the second gestation, and 18.7% from the third gestation. When analysing the data, a significant difference was found in height (p=0.0002) and body weight (p=0.0006). In the main group, children born with low body weight for gestational age showed more pronounced growth retardation, while in the comparison group, premature children differed from full-term ones with more significant growth retardation. Conclusions. The study revealed that children born with low birth weight for gestational age have differences in body weight and height compared to children with appropriate weight for gestational age. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee the aforementioned institution. Informed consent for the study was obtained from the parents of the children. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Отдаленные результаты этапного хирургического лечения осложненной начальной катаракты у пациентов с далекозашедшей диабетической ретинопатией

Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy of second-stage phacoemulsification (PE) of complicated initial cataract after vitreoretinal surgery (VRS) in patients with advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Material and methods. 216 patients with PDR and complicated initial cataract who underwent surgery were included. These patients were divided into four groups according to their management. In the group I patients were subjected to a two-step surgical procedure: VRS with silicone oil tamponade was performed as the first step, followed by the second step — PE+IOL implantation + silicone oil removal. In the group II PE was performed simultaneously with VRS and silicone oil tamponade. The second step differed in the removal of silicone oil from the vitreous cavity. In the group III patients were subjected to a two-step surgical procedure: VRS with gas tamponade performed as the first step in their treatment; followed by the second step, PE and the IOL implantation. In the group IV PE performed simultaneously with VRS with gas tamponade. Results. Patients in subgroup I and group III had better functional results than those in subgroup II and group IV, respectively (p < 0,001). The subgroup IIa (n = 9; 14.5 %) showed higher incidence of NVG than the subgroup Ia (n = 2; 3.2 %), p = 0.027. There also was a higher rate of NVG in group IV (n = 6; 19,3 %) compared to group III (n = 1; 3,1 %), p = 0,04. Conclusion. Phacoemulsification of initial cataract at the second stage after VRS in patients with advanced PDR provides a sparing approach to surgical treatment in this category of patients and allows to improve anatomical and functional results of VRS. In addition, it contributes to reduction of number and severity of postoperative complications. Keywords: proliferative diabetic retinopathy; vitreoretinal surgery; phacoemulsification

Morphometric, biochemical and histopathological effects of sofosbuvir (sovaldi) on testes of adult male albino rats

ABSTRACT Sofosbuvir treatment regimens for chronic HCV infection have recently been linked to extra hepatic side effects. This study aimed to show how sofosbuvir affected the adult male albino rat testis. Forty adult male albino rats were used. The rats were equally split into two main groups (I and II), then each group subdivided into two subgroups (A and B). Each rat in group I (control) received 0.5 ml of distilled water every day for four weeks. Each rat in group II (sofosbuvir-treated) received 0.5 ml of distilled water containing 7.2 mg of sofosbuvir every day for four weeks. After four weeks (subgroups IA and IIA) and eight weeks (subgroups IB and IIB) of treatment, the rats were sacrificed. Histological, biochemical, and morphometric studies on the testes were conducted. The data were analyzed. Examination of testes of sovaldi treated group revealed histopathological changes. Biochemical and morphometric analysis showed reduced levels of reduced glutathione and seminiferous tubule epithelial height respectively. Following a 4-week drug withdrawal period, the testes only partially recovered. We concluded that sofosbuvir induced deteriorating changes in the adult male albino rats’ testes. These changes were proved by histological and biochemical studies. These changes were incompletely reversible after cession of treatment. Researches investigating the effect of adding drugs that have antioxidant properties during sofosbuvir therapy are recommended.

Study on the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of nerve function in myasthenia gravis patients in Vietnam.

In Vietnam, there is limited research on the role of nerve conduction in myasthenia gravis and its association with clinical features. This study aims to describe the electrophysiological features in patients with myasthenia gravis. This descriptive study was conducted from September 2019 to December 2021. The study included 33 myasthenia gravis patients who sought medical consultation or received inpatient treatment during this period. The Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America classifies myasthenia gravis into five groups: I, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IVa, IVb, and V. Notably, Group I involves pure ocular weakness, whereas Group a primarily impacts limb and axial muscles, and Group b mainly affects bulbar and respiratory muscles. The study revealed that motor and sensory nerve conduction in the upper and lower limbs were within normal limits for the patient group under evaluation. Repetitive nerve stimulation testing at a frequency of 3 Hz showed positive results in 66.7% of myasthenia gravis patients. Myasthenia gravis patients displayed distinct clinical symptoms, with ptosis being the most common (87.9%). Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America classification indicated the highest proportion in subgroup IIa (24.2%), with myasthenia gravis predominating in limb and axial muscles (Group a) observed in 51.5% of cases. Needle electromyography showed no abnormalities in myasthenia gravis patients. There was an association between acetylcholine receptor antibody titers and the results of the 3 Hz repetitive nerve stimulation test in myasthenia gravis patients, with a significance of p = 0.002. Nerve conduction studies should be performed in patients with suspected neuromuscular disorders to aid in differential diagnosis and definitive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis.

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Peach Latent Mosaic Viroid Isolates Infecting Stone Fruit Trees in Poland

Abstract Field surveys were carried out to assess the incidence of peach latent mosaic viroid in nine orchards of stone fruit trees in four growing regions of Poland. Forty of 119 peaches, six of 37 apricots, five of eight nectarines and one of four plums trees tested positive by RT-PCR for this viroid. Most of the infected stone fruit trees did not show any symptoms. Leaf yellow mosaic was only noticed on ‘Maycrest’ peach and ‘Saturn’ nectarine trees, and additional symptoms of cracked fruits with corky sutures and enlarged pits were observed on one ‘Maycrest’ tree. One or two isolates from each orchard and each species of infected tree were selected, and together, 11 isolates of peach latent mosaic viroid were used for genetic analyses. The nucleotide sequence similarity of selected isolates found in Poland was 93.6–100%. They shared 82.0–98.8% similarity with the viroid strains from different hosts and geographical regions. The phylogenetic analysis led to the clustering of all isolates detected during this study in the most numerous represented subgroup II-A, composed of peach latent mosaic viroid strains originating from different geographic regions and host plants. Although Polish isolates were clustered in the same subgroup, some differed in length and nucleotide sequences. It was shown that the genetic variability of isolates found in Poland was unrelated to the regions of their origin. A positive signal was obtained in dot-blot hybridization of all analyzed 11 isolates.

Analysis of perinatal consequences against the background of the proposed treatment complex in pregnant women after the application of assisted reproductive technologies

The course of pregnancy that occurs as a result of the application of assisted reproductive technologies is accompanied by numerous complications that affect the indicators of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Nowadays in Ukraine, there is no unified approach to the management of women whose pregnancy occurred as a result of ART application, which determined the direction of this work.The objective: to assess perinatal consequences against the background of the introduction of the proposed treatment complex in women whose pregnancy occurred as a result of the application of assisted reproductive technologies.Materials and methods. 249 pregnant women were examined, which were divided into: group I – 94 women with tubo-peritoneal, group II – 87 women with endocrine and group III – 68 women with male types of infertility. Depending on the prescribed therapy, women of groups I, II and III are divided into: subgroup IA – 49 pregnant women with tubo-peritoneal, subgroup IIA – 48 pregnant women with endocrine, subgroup IIIA – 36 pregnant women with male factor of infertility who received the proposed therapeutic and preventive complex; subgroup IB – 45 pregnant women with tubo-peritoneal, subgroup IIB – 39 pregnant women with endocrine, subgroup IIIB – 32 pregnant women with male factor of infertility, which were observed in accordance with generally accepted standards of obstetric care.Results. Against the background of prescribing the proposed complex, there was a significant decrease in the frequency of threatened miscarriage in women of Group I by 41.6%, in women of Group II by 37.1% (p<0.05). In the second and third trimesters, there was a significant decrease in the number of cases of threatening late spontaneous miscarriages, threatening premature birth, placental dysfunction, preeclampsia, and fetal growth retardation syndrome (p<0.05). A significant indicator of the effectiveness of the proposed treatment complex is a significant increase in the proportion of urgent labor in women of subgroups IA and IIA. Thus, 46 (93.8%) women of subgroup IA and 46 (95.8%) women of subgroup IIA had urgent labor.Assessing the pathological conditions of newborns, it should be noted that in children from women in labor of subgroups who received the proposed complex, respiratory disorders syndrome (p<0.05), intraventricular hemorrhages (p<0.05), hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (p<0.05), and cases of antenatal infection (p<0.05) were determined in a significantly smaller number of cases.Conclusions. The effectiveness of the proposed treatment complex and the complex of psychoemotional correction in pregnant women after the use of assisted reproductive technologies is confirmed by a reliably better course of the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy, a reliably better course of Labor, which was reflected in an increase in cases of urgent labor and a decrease in cases of complications in childbirth, which was reflected in a significant decrease in the number of cesarean sections.Improvement of perinatal consequences against the background of the use of the proposed treatment complex and the complex of psychoemotional correction in newborns from women in labor after the use of assisted reproductive technologies is confirmed by a significantly larger mass of newborns, a significantly smaller number of newborns with low gestational weight, a significantly higher Apgar score, a significantly smaller number of cases of pathological and transient conditions, and a significantly shorter duration of stay of women in labor and newborns in an obstetric hospital, as well as the absence of cases of early neonatal and perinatal mortality among newborns.

Clinical assessment of the placenta function in women at risk and threat of premature delivery

Premature birth, despite the significant achievements of perinatal medicine in recent decades, remains an urgent global and national medical and social problem, as it is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. According to modern views, placental dysfunction can be one of the causes of premature birth, and its frequency, according to randomized studies, can be from 78 to 91%, depending on the gestational age. At the same time, the research conducted to date does not provide a clear understanding of the role of timely diagnosis and prevention of placental dysfunction in preventing premature birth.The objective: to perform clinical evaluation of the prevalence of placental dysfunction in women at risk of preterm birth and with threat of preterm birth.Materials and methods. 180 pregnant women were took part in the study. To achieve the research aim, three research groups were formed. I group – 73 pregnant women with threat of premature birth; II group – 77 pregnant women with risk factors for premature birth. Women with risk factors for premature birth were included in the study at the stage of pregnancy planning (IIA subgroup, 39 women) or from the moment of applying to a women’s outpatient clinic to monitor the course of pregnancy (IIB subgroup, 38 pregnant women). The control group included 30 pregnant women with an uncomplicated course of pregnancy.Transabdominal ultrasound examination with color Doppler mapping, determination of free estriol, progesterone and placental lactogen levels in blood serum were performed at 18–21+6 and 28–30 weeks of gestation.Results. Analysis of the prevalence of risk factors for placental dysfunction and preterm birth in patients of the studied cohort showed that in pregnant women with preterm birth (I group), the combination of risk factors was 5.2; in pregnant women who received pre-gravid training (IIA subgroup) – 3.2; in pregnant women who were included in the study in the I trimester of pregnancy (IIB subgroup) – 4.7, while in pregnant women of the control group – only 0.8 (p<0.05).The threat of early spontaneous miscarriage with the formation of a retrochorial hematoma as a clinical manifestation of primary placental dysfunction was determined in 43.8% of pregnant women whose premature delivery was carried out for medical reasons. Placenta abruption in these patients can be considered as decompensation of the primary dysfunction of the placenta with the transition to acute placental insufficiency.The formation of chronic placental dysfunction, clinically manifested by the syndrome of fetal growth retardation, was most often observed in patients whose pregnancy ended in spontaneous premature birth at 34–36+6 weeks in the presence of an untouched amnion, – 68.6% compared to births at 28–33+6 weeks of gestation – 25.9% and with childbirth at 22–37+6 weeks – 13.3%.Conclusions. Clinical manifestations of placental dysfunction were detected in 30.6% of patients with premature birth, with morphological signs in 60.4% of cases, which indicates the hidden course of placental insufficiency before the development of premature birth.Morphological signs of placental dysfunction were determined in 87.5% of cases of premature births for medical reasons and in 100.0% of cases of spontaneous births at 22–27+6 weeks of gestation (with a combination of risk factors from 2.1 to 3.0), in 66.7% – with premature births at 28–33+6 weeks of pregnancy, in 40.0% – with premature births at 34–36+6 weeks of pregnancy and only in one (5.6%) case – with term births.The frequency of fixation of morphological characteristics of placental dysfunction correlates with the frequency of early pregnancy complications, primarily with the formation of retrochorial hematomas in the first half of pregnancy.

Histological study of the effect of curcumin on indomethacin-induced ileitis in adult male albino rats

Background Ileitis induced by indomethacin represents a well-standardized model in the study of acute and chronic inflammation of the intestine. Curcumin is an orange-yellow component of the herb turmeric. It has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. Aim This work was performed to show the effect of curcumin on indomethacin-induced ileitis in rats using H&E stain. Materials and methods Thirty-six mature male albino rats (160–200 g) were used in this study. They were separated into four formain groups; control group: 8 rats, group I: 8 rats that received oral aqueous suspension of curcumin 100 mg/kg daily; group II: 10 rats included subgroups (IIA & IIB): ileitis was induced by subcutaneous injection of two doses of indomethacin; each dose was 7.5 mg/kg separated by 24 hours, the rats were then killed on the 3rd and the 18th day, respectively, and group III: 10 rats included subgroups (IIIA& IIIB): the ileitis group was treated with an oral aqueous suspension of curcumin 100 mg/kg daily and then the rats were killed on the 3rd and 18th day respectively. Results Subgroups IIA and IIB revealed sloughing of surface epithelium in the lumen of the intestine, ulceration, a significant decrease of villus height at H&E sections, and inflammatory cellular infiltration. Subgroups IIIA and IIIB showed marked improvement in the pathological changes of induced ileitis. Conclusion Curcumin could decrease ileitis induced by indomethacin in rats. So, it could be useful for the treatment of intestinal injury.

The Effect of Salivary Contamination on the Shear Bond Strength of Seventh- and Eighth-generation Adhesive Systems.

To compare the effect of salivary contamination on the shear bond strength (SBS) of seventh- and eighth-generation adhesives. Specimens were randomly divided into group I and group II, subdivided into three subgroups of 11 samples. Subgroup IA-seventh-generation uncontaminated (control); adhesive; air-dried; light cured. Subgroup IB-seventh-generation adhesive; saliva application, air-dried; light cured. Subgroup IC-seventh-generation adhesive; saliva application, air-dried, reapplication of adhesive, air-dried, light cured. Subgroup IIA- eighth-generation uncontaminated (control); adhesive, air-dried; light cured. Subgroup IIB- eighth-generation adhesive; saliva application, air-dried; light cured. Subgroup IIC-eighth-generation adhesive, saliva application, air-dried, reapplication of adhesive, air-dried; light cured. Following bonding procedure, composite resin restoration was done and subjected to SBS analysis. Mean SBS of eighth-generation adhesive was higher compared to seventh with and without saliva contamination. Reduction of SBS in seventh- and eighth-generation after saliva contamination was regained by reapplication of adhesive, which was less compared to the control [statistically significant (p < 0.05) for seventh and statistically not significant for eighth-generations]. The eighth-generation adhesives show better SBS with and without saliva contamination and reapplication of eighth-generation adhesives significantly improved the SBS close to the control. Single-step self-etch adhesives are the adhesives which are currently used for bonding composite restorations to dentin. The adhesive bond strength can be adversely affected by moisture contamination, especially by saliva, which can lead to failure of restoration. So, it is imperative to study a material which gives better bond strength and is less affected by salivary contamination and effect of decontamination to regain the bond strength. The study concluded that eighth-generation adhesives showed higher mean SBS with and without saliva contamination and reapplication of eighth-generation adhesives significantly improved the bond strength close to the control group. Mohan MC, Geetha P, Soman D, et al. The Effect of Salivary Contamination on the Shear Bond Strength of Seventh- and Eighth-generation Adhesive Systems. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-1):S63-S66.

The Effect of Platelet Rich Plasma versus MSCs Derived Exosomes on the Healing of Burn Injury in Albino Rat: Histological Study

Abstract Background The clinical treatment of skin loss due to severe and massive burns or wounds continues to be a major problem in surgical procedures. Although different kinds of dressings and therapies have been developed, but most of them are expensive. Therefore, new strategies are needed to promote and help in wound healing and repair. Recent studies have demonstrated that exosomes help tissue repair because of high stability, non immune rejection and easy control of dosage and concentration. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous concentration of platelets in concentrated plasma. It has been used to promote soft and hard tissue healing. Aim to compare the effect of MSCs derived exosomes versus PRP on the promotion of healing of experimentally induced second degree partial thickness burn injury in adult male albino rats. Methods The thirty-two adult male albino rats were divided randomly into 4 groups. Group I (control). Group II (burn injury group) that will be left for spontaneous healing. Group III (burn injury treated with PRP intradermal injection). Group IV (burn injury treated with intradermal MSCs derived exosome). All the animals were sacrificed at 7th day (subgroup a) and 21th day (subgroup b). The skin biopsies will be taken and processed for light microscope examination. Results H&amp;E stained section of untreated burn (subgroup IIa) showed coagulative necrosis in epidermis and papillary layer of the dermis. Sign of epithelial migration from the edge of the wound appeared. In Subgroup IIb the surface of the wound was covered by an eschar that converted partial thickness into complete thickness. This resulted in formation of granulation tissue in the dermis. In Subgroup IIIa showed the formation of thin layer of epidermis containing undifferentiated keratinocytes. The underlying dermis contained collagen fibers and beginning of new hair follicles formation. Some specimens in Subgroup IIIb revealed thin epidermis with incomplete differentiation of keratinocytes. Numerous hair follicles were detected in the dermis. However some specimens showed thickened epidermis with presence of rete ridges. The dermis showed few irregularly distributed collagen fibers in granulation tissue with absence of skin appendages. In exosome treated group (subgroup IVa) showed thin epidermis with well differentiated keratinocytes. The dermis contained collagen fibers with absence of skin appendages. Subgroup IVb was more or less similar to the control group. Conclusion The current study revealed that burn treated exosomes group was better than PRP treated group. In addition PRP treated group revealed hyperplastic changes in epidermis with delay in remodeling phase of burn healing.