Subcutaneous Injection Of Reserpine Research Articles

ESTABLISHMENT AND EVALUATION OF ORTHOTOPIC HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND DRUG-INDUCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN MICE WITH SPLEEN-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME IN TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE.

Background:Spleen-deficiency syndrome (SDS) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) played pivotal roles on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study was performed to establish and evaluate HCC model in mice with SDS in TCM.Material and Methods:A total of 90 C57BL/6 mice were randomized in six groups (n=15 for each group): A, Control group; B, SDS group; C, orthotopic HCC (OHCC) group; D, OHCC based on SDS (SDS-OHCC) group; E, Drug-induced HCC (DHCC) group; F, DHCC based on SDS (SDS-DHCC) group. The SDS model were established by subcutaneous injection of reserpine, followed by the OHCC or DHCC model establishment. The SDS scores, tumor formation rate and survival time were recorded and calculated, as well as the histochemical stain was performed.Results:The SDS scores of mice in Group B, D, F were 17.57±4.86 (P<0.05 vs. Group A), 18.13±4.53 (P<0.05 vs. Group A and C) and 23.32±4.94 (P<0.05 vs. Group A and E) respectively. The tumor formation rate of mice in Group C, D, E and F were 73.33%, 100%, 60% and 80% respectively. The survival time of mice in Group C, D, E and F were 26.42±5.27, 17.33±4.76 (P<0.05 vs. Group C), 35.77±6.12 and 22.61±5.05 (P<0.05 vs. Group E) respectively.Conclusion:The SDS-oriented HCC mice models were simple and easily-operated models for further studies on SDS oriented tumor. Meanwhile, SDS was a pivotal factor for low outcome of hepatic tumor.Abbreviations: HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma; OHCC, Orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma; DHCC, Drug-induced hepatocellular carcinoma; SDS, Spleen-deficiency syndrome; TCM, Traditional Chinese Medicine; SPF, Specific pathogen-free; DEN, Diethylnitrosamine; CCl4, Carbon tetrachloride; HE, Hematoxylin-eosin; IACUC, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.

Coadministration of Resveratrol and Rice Oil Mitigates Nociception and Oxidative State in a Mouse Fibromyalgia-Like Model.

The mechanism underlying pain symptoms in fibromyalgia (FM) is not fully understood. Oxidative stress has emerged as pathophysiological event occurring during the development of the disease. The present study aimed at investigating the efficacy of resveratrol associated with rice bran oil on fibromyalgia-like mice model. Subcutaneous injection of reserpine (0.25 mg/Kg) during 3 days produced fibromyalgia-like symptoms. Resveratrol and/or rice oil or pregabalin were administered through oral route in therapeutic (single dose) and preventive (four doses) schemes. In both schemes, treatment with resveratrol associated with rice bran oil and pregabalin significantly reduced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in animals. The preventive scheme displayed antidepressant effect which was demonstrated by the forced swimming test as well as reduced reactive species in the cerebrospinal fluid of reserpinized animals. Taken together, our data provide evidences that the intake of resveratrol associated with rice bran oil plays antinociceptive and antidepressant actions probably through reducing reactive species and suggests the involvement of oxidative stress in this model of FM as possible underlying mechanism of pathogenesis of the disease.

Identification of active ingredients in Wuzhuyu decoction improving migraine in mice by spectral efficiency association.

Wuzhuyu decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine used for the effective treatment of migraines, termed 'Jueyin headache', in China. However, there have been few investigations to clarify the composition of Wuzhuyu decoction for the treatment of migraines. In the present study, 10 types of Wuzhuyu decoction were analyzed by chromatograms. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-depletion mouse models of migraine were prepared by subcutaneous injection of reserpine and placement of autologous blood clots in the cerebral cortex. The levels of 5-HT, noradrenaline (NE), dopamine (DA), nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the brain tissues and sera of the mice were determined. The ingredients and pharmacodynamic indices of the Wuzhuyu decoctions were analyzed using spectral efficiency association by partial least squares regression. The levels of 5-HT, NE and DA in the mouse brain tissues were reduced to 337.785 ± 84.504, 171.173 ± 65.172 and 242.075 ± 158.621 mg/g brain tissue, respectively. The level of NO in the brain tissues increased to 0.425 ± 0.184 µmol/g protein and the activities of NOS in the brain tissues and sera increased to 0.719 ± 0.477 U/mg and 50.688 ± 8.132 U/ml, respectively. Regarding the ingredients of the Wuzhuyu decoction, those with significant regression coefficients were ginsenoside-Rg1, Re, Rb1, rutaevine (Rv), limonin (Li), evodiamine (Ev), rutaecarpine (Ru) and substance X (awaiting identification). Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rv, Li, Ev, Ru and X in the Wuzhuyu decoction were observed to yield the pharmacological effects, whereas Rb1, Rv and Ev were important in index improvement.

Modulation of a neuronal calmodulin mRNA species in the rat brain stem by reserpine

Reserpine evokes transsynaptic impulse activity by depleting catecholaminergic neurotransmitters in the rat brain. Previous studies suggest a relationship between catecholaminergic activity and calmodulin concentration. In this report we employ Northern blot analysis to examine the effect of a single subcutaneous injection of reserpine on levels of calmodulin mRNA species which are preferentially expressed in neurons of the rat brain. Regional differences in mRNA levels were also investigated by in situ hybridization and drug-induced changes were noted particularly in specific regions of the rat brain stem. The riboprobe used in the in situ hybridization study recognized a 4.0 kilobase neuronal calmodulin mRNA species (NGB1), which was derived from the rat CaM1 gene. A calmodulin radio-immunoassay was utilized to demonstrate a drug-induced increased in calmodulin protein levels in a region which included the brain stem.

Slow light and dark adaptation of horizontal cells in the Xenopus retina: A role for endogenous dopamine

A role for endogenous dopamine in the control of rod and cone contributions to a second-order retinal neuron, the horizontal cell (HC) was studied in the Xenopus retina. Relative rod and cone contributions were estimated from HC responses to scotopically balanced 491- and 650-nm flashes. In eyecups prepared in light then placed in darkness, cone input to the HC slowed and diminished on a time scale of hours. The decline in cone input was balanced by a slow growth of rod input to the HC. Administration of D-amphetamine, a dopamine releasing agent, restored the light-adapted waveform. The kinetics of slow light adaptation were examined by recording HC responses from eyecups that had been dark-adapted previously for 11-14 h. When test flashes fell on a dark field, cone input to the HC grew for 2-4 h, reached a plateau, and later declined. If, however, flashes were superimposed on a weak background field, cone input to the HC continued to increase monotonically at about 10%/h. This increase was abolished by superfusion with a nonspecific dopamine receptor blocker, cis-flupenthixol (50 microM), resulting in the complete suppression of cone-to-horizontal cell synaptic transfer and the enhancement of rod-to-horizontal cell communication. Subcutaneous injection of reserpine, a drug that depletes dopamine stores (2 mg/kg on 1-4 successive days), or intraocular injection of the dopamine neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (10-30 micrograms) slowed and reduced the amplitude of cone input to the HC, even in completely light-adapted eyes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The effects of reserpine and 6-hydroxydopamine on the concentrations of some arylakylamines in rat brain.

1 The concentrations of p- and m-tyramine were measured in the caudate nucleus of the rat brain following subcutaneous injection of reserpine or intraventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine, beta-Phenylethylamine was analysed in the hypothalamus after reserpine. 2 Endogenous levels of p-tyramine and m-tyramine in the caudate nucleus, and beta-phenylethylamine in the hypothalamus were 8.02, 2.25 and 2.52 ng/g respectively. 3 Tyramine concentrations were reduced to less than 20% of control values one day after a reserpine injection of 1 or 10 mg/kg. A single dose of reserpine (0.4 mg/kg) significantly decreased the content of both tyramines in the caudate nucleus. The effects became apparent as early as 45 min after drug case of m-tyramine. 4 The hypothalamic content of beta-phenylethylamine was unaffected by reserpine. 5 Ten days after an intraventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (250 mug), p- and m-tyramine concentrations in the caudate nucleus were significantly below control levels. 6 The results suggest that p- and m-tyramine may be stored by an intraneuronal reserpine-sensitive storage mechanism. Alternatively, the tyramines may replace some of the catecholamines from their storage granules and then be released as false transmitters by the nervous impulse. The observed changes in tyramine levels might also the fact that these amines may be metabolically related to another amine which is stored in reserpine-sensitive granules.

Effect of the adrenergic neurone blocker, beta-TM10, on the depletion of noradrenaline induced by denervation or reserpine.

The noradrenaline content of the rat submaxillary gland was determined fluorimetrically as various times after sympathetic denervation as well as after the subcutaneous injection of reserpine (300 μg/kg). The effect of an adrenergic neurone blocker (β-TMIO) was compared with that of an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (pargyline). 2 Both βTM10 (50 mg/kg s.c. given 6 hours and repeated 12 hours after the operation) and pargyline (100 mg/kg i.p. at the operation) delayed the decline of endogenous noradrenaline observed after denervation; the delay was similar for both treatments. 3. Both,β-TM10 (50 mg/kg s.c. 2 hours before reserpine) and pargyline (100 mg/kg s.c. 6 hours before reserpine), caused a similar delay in the reserpine-induced decline of endogenous noradrenaline in the sympathetically decentralized gland. 4. Reserpine induced a higher rate of depletion in normal than in decentralized glands of untreated or pargyline-pretreated rats. However, the relation of depletion rates was reversed afterβ-TM10. 5. It is concluded that the last mentioned effect is at least partly due to the adrenergic neurone blocking effect ofβ-TMIO. The antagonism byβ-TMIO of the depleting effect of sympathetic denervation and of reserpine, on the other hand, is attributed to the ability of adrenergic neurone blocking agents to block monoamine oxidase. The results confirm earlier studies and indicate that the ability of adrenergic neurone blocking agents to block intraneuronal monoamine oxidase accounts for effects which up to now have been ascribed to their ability to prevent the release of noradrenaline by nerve impulses.

Electron microscopic radioautographic studies of the carotid body following injections of labeled biogenic amine precursors.

Adult Syrian hamsters were given a subcutaneous injection of reserpine 3 days before an intraperitoneal injection of (3)H-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine or (3)H-5, hydroxytryptophan and the carotid bodies were subsequently prepared for electron microscopic radioautography. Other Syrian hamsters were given a subcutaneous injection of reserpine and the carotid bodies were subjected to a sensitive cytochemical test for the detection of unsubstituted amines. These studies were made to determine whether the labeled amine precursors were incorporated into the cells and to see whether the parenchymal cells were affected by reserpine treatment. Material from hamsters treated first with reserpine and subsequently injected with (3)H-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine or (3)H-5, hydroxytryptophan exhibited reduced grains of silver over the cells which were associated mainly with the dense cores of the cytoplasmic granules. These studies offer evidence that the granules of the carotid body incorporate catecholamine and indolamine precursors. Material from hamsters incubated for the presence of unsubstituted amines gave a positive reaction (opaque cytoplasmic granules) for catecholamines but not for indolamines. The latter substances may not be present in quantities sufficient to register a positive reaction in the cytochemical test. The opaque granules, indicative of the presence of catecholamines, decreased in density after reserpine treatment. 5 days after one reserpine injection the granules had regained opacity and were comparable to those seen in the control cells.

The effect of portacaval transposition and renal artery stenosis on the rejection of renal allografts in dogs

Hypertension during acute renal allograft rejection was prevented in five animals by subcutaneous injection of reserpine, and in 11 animals by prior performance of portacaval transposition and renal artery stenosis. Whereas 14 control animals with normal circulation dissolved their kidneys over a 2-week period with a rapid exudative response, the two groups of animals kept normotensive dissolved their graft kidneys over a 6-week period, and with less necrosis. It is suggested that hypertension alone accelerated graft dissolution by increasing tissue ischemia.

STUDIES ON RAUWOLFIA ALKALOIDS IN DIABETIC HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS

Article1 August 1959STUDIES ON RAUWOLFIA ALKALOIDS IN DIABETIC HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTSALAN S. COHEN, M.D., NORMAN S. STEARNS, M.D., HOWARD LEVITIN, M.D., DAVID HURWITZ, M.D.ALAN S. COHEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, NORMAN S. STEARNS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, HOWARD LEVITIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DAVID HURWITZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-51-2-238 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptRauwolfia serpentina has been reported to have a hypoglycemic effect on both normal and diabetic patients. Neugebauer and Lang1 gave Rauwolfia to 14 normal, three hypertensive and two diabetic patients. In the normal subjects the blood sugar fell an average of 13%, in the others, 11%. These investigators also reported that alloxan diabetic rats could be kept alive by administering Rauwolfia, whereas all untreated controls died in coma within two days. In contrast, Kuschke and Frantz2 described increased blood sugar levels in fasting rabbits after subcutaneous injection of reserpine at various dose levels ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mg./kg.The...Bibliography1. NeugebauerLang EEK: The effect of total extract of Rauwolfia serpentina benthem on carbohydrate metabolism, Wien. med. Wchnschr. 103: 966, 1955. Google Scholar2. KuschkeFrantz HJJ: Hyperglycemic action of reserpine, Arch. exper. Path. u. Pharmakol. 224: 269, 1955. Google Scholar3. Wilkins RW: Rauwolfia in the treatment of essential hypertension, Am. J. Med. 17: 703, 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Finnerty FA: The value of Rauwolfia serpentina in the hypertensive patient, Am. J. Med. 17: 629, 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. LivesayMoyerMiller WRJHSI: Treatment of hypertension with Rauwolfia serpentina alone and combined with other drugs. Results in eighty-four cases, J. A. M. A. 155: 1027, 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. Locket S: Oral preparations of Rauwolfia serpentina in treatment of essential hypertension, Brit. M. J. 1: 809, 1955. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. McGregorSegel MN: The Rauwolfia alkaloids in the treatment of hypertension, Brit. Heart J. 17: 391, 1955. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. Perera GA: Edema and congestive failure related to administration of Rauwolfia serpentina , J. A. M. A. 159: 439, 1955. MedlineGoogle Scholar9. MelickMcGregor RM: Reserpine and extracellular fluid volume, New England J. Med. 256: 1000, 1957. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar10. WallisRoberts WAHV: Statistics, 1956, The Free Press, Glencoe, Illinois. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts*Received for publication November 21, 1958.From the Thorndike Memorial Laboratory, Second and Fourth Medical Services (Harvard) Boston City Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Diabetes Service, Boston City Hospital.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Alan S. Cohen, M.D., Arthritis Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 14, Massachusetts. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMethanolic Root Extract of Rauwolfia serpentina Benth Improves the Glycemic, Antiatherogenic, and Cardioprotective Indices in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice 1 August 1959Volume 51, Issue 2Page: 238-247KeywordsBlood sugarHospital medicineHypertensionMedical servicesOral administrationRabbitsResearch laboratoriesReserpineStatistical dataSubcutaneous injections ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1959 PDF downloadLoading ...

The Effect of Reserpine and Meprobamate on Gastric Acid Secretion

Reserpine administered either orally or subcutaneously in a dose of 0.5 mg./Kg. did not appreciably alter the volume of gastric fluid secreted by rats during a four-hour period after pyloric ligation, but significantly increased both free and total titratable acidity. Subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mg./Kg. of oxyphenonium markedly reduced the volume of gastric fluid secreted following subcutaneous injection of reserpine, but did not decrease the titratable acidity per ml. of gastric juice. Oral administration of 15 mg./Kg. of meprobamate also increased free and total titratable acidity in the pyloric ligated rat. Intramuscular injection of 1.0 mg. of reserpine or 20.0 mg. of meprobamate markedly increased titratable free acidity in dogs prepared with gastric fistulas. The effect on gastric secretion of 1.0 mg. of histamine injecred intramuscularly was also determined in gastric fistula dogs to provide a basis for comparison.