Study Of Microleakage Research Articles

Comparative Study of Micro-Leakage Between Glass Ionomer Cement Restoration Materials and Alkasites on Cavitas Class I (GV. Black)

Microleakage is a gap that allow clinically undetectable passage of bacteria, fluids, chemical substances between the tooth and its restoration. Microleakage can occurs whether in a cavity restored with Glass Ionomer Cement or Alkasite. The objective of this study is to compare the microleakage between GIC and Alkasite after 1 day, 7 days and 30 days polymerization. This study used 30 specimens divided into six groups. Group A is restored with GIC and Group B restored with Alkasite. Group A1 and B1 restored and conditioned in incubator for 1 day, group A2 and B2 for 7 days, group A3 and B3 for 30 days. The specimens isolated using varnish nail except the restored area and immersed in methylene blue 1% for 1 day, then all specimens were washed and cut longitudinally. The results were observed using a stereomicroscope. The observation results analyzed using nonparametric test Kruskal-Walis test, showed there’s no significant difference in each material with different conditioning times (p 0.05). Post hoc test using Mann-Whitney likewise, showed no significant difference between GIC and Alkasite with similar conditioning time. Descriptive statistics showed that all the mean of microleakage in GIC is bigger than Alkasite and microleakage mean score in both materials conditioned for 30 days in incubator is smaller than conditioned for 1 day and 7 days. This study concluded that microleakage in Alkasite is smaller than Glass Ionomer CementKEYWORDS: Microleakage, Glass Ionomer Cement, Alkasite, Class I

Evaluation of Coronal Micro-Leakage of Fiber Post with Different Luting Cements (In Vitro Study)

Evaluation of Coronal Micro-Leakage of Fiber Post with Different Luting Cements (In Vitro Study)

Study of microleakage in dental enamel using nanofillers composite resin restoration with total-etch and self-etch adhesive

Microleakage is a poor marginal adaptation of the restoration, often found between cavity and restoration material. One of the reasons is the shrinkage during the composite resin during polymerization, causing the restoration’s adaption disturbed. Application of adhesive material on the cavity affects microleakage at the margin restoration and increases the adaptation between cavity and restoration material. This research aims to determine microleakage in dental enamel using nanofiller composite resin restoration with fifth-generation total-etch adhesive and eight-generation self-etch adhesive. This research used 16 specimens premolars, which were prepared cavity Class I G.V. Black and divided into two groups (group A and B). Group A used nanofiller composite resin FiltekTM Z350 + fifth-generation total-etch Adper Single Bond 2 (n=8), group B used nanofiller composite resin Filtek TM Z350 + eight-generation self-etch Universal Single Bond Adper (n=8). The specimen isolated using nail polish except in the work area.,then immersed in methylene blue 1% at 25°C (for 24 hours). After that, all specimens were washed and cut longitudinally. The results were observed using a Stereomicroscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The observation’s results showed that the amount number of microleakage in group A (75%) less than in group B (100%), while the non-parametric statistic test using the Mann Whitney showed no significant differences (p0.143). Based on SEM images, the average distance between enamel and composite resin with total-etch adhesive was 1.40 ± 0.007µm, and 1.84 ± 0.509 µm for resin composite with self-etch adhesive. This research concluded that microleakage using nanofiller composite with the fifth-generation total-etch adhesive was smaller than nanofiller composite resin with the eighth -generation self-etch adhesive.KEYWORDS: Adhesive system, nanofillers composite resin, microleakage, enamel

A Comparative Study of Cervical Composite Restorations Microleakage Using Dental Universal Bonding and Two-step Self-etch Adhesive

The aim of this study is to compare microleakage of cervical restorations using universal bonding and two-step self-etch adhesive with or without enamel etching through a dye penetration testing method. In this in vitro experimental study, 70 maxillary premolar teeth with no anomaly or decay were randomly divided into five groups of 14. Conventional cervical cavities were prepared with diamond bur on the facial surface of the teeth. The teeth were prepared using G-Premio Bond/self-etch technique, G-Premio Bond/total-etch technique, G-Premio Bond/selective-etch technique, Clearfil SE Bond/self-etch technique, and Clearfil SE Bond/selective-etch technique in Groups I to V, respectively, and restored with composite. Microleakage at the occlusal enamel margin and the cervical dentinal margin was ranked from 0 to 4 based on dye penetration using stereomicroscope (×32). Statistical analysis was carried out using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests at a significance level of α = 0.05. The mean occlusal microleakage in the five study groups was 1.07, 0.57, 0.57, 1.28, and 0.78, respectively. The mean cervical microleakage was 0.97, 0.85, 0.64, 1.35, and 1.14, respectively. Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant difference between the microleakage scores of different groups in enamel (p = 0.022) and dentin (p = 0.01). Clearfil SE Bond/self-etch technique group showed the highest mean score of microleakage in enamel margins, and G-Premio Bond/total-etch technique and G-Premio Bond/selective-etch technique groups showed lowest enamel microleakage mean. Clearfil SE Bond/self-etch group showed the highest mean score of microleakage in dentin margins, while G-Premio Bond/selective-etch technique group showed the lowest mean score of dentin microleakage. Selective etching of enamel will decrease enamel microleakage. G-Premio Bond shows better microleakage results in comparison to Clearfil SE Bond in dentinal margins. A major problem in cervical composite restorations is the presence of microleakage in the cervical wall. Different adhesive systems have been designed to overcome this problem.

Study of Microleakage between Teeth and Glass Ionomer Cement Modified with 5% Silica from Sea Sand

Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is the most commonly used restoration material because of biocompatible material. GIC is restoration material that can be attached to enamel either to dentin physicochemically. The adhesion properties of teeth to restoration have an effect on marginal adaptation. This causes different attachment values. An alternative difference in attachment can be achieved by adding bioactive glass silica material to glass ionomer cement. The formation of hydroxyapatite can be occurred by bioactive glass silica between the tooth surfaces and the restoration materials and it is been expected to reduce microleakage rates. The purpose of this study was to seen the effect of adding 5% silica nanoparticles from sea sand to the GIC on microleakage rates. In this study, silica was synthesized from sea sand by using coprecipitation method. Specimens were 20 maxillary premolars were classified into two groups which were applied GIC (n=10) and silica 5% modified GIC as restorations (n=10). The specimens were immersed in 5% methylene blue solution for 24 hours, then were observed under stereomicroscope and SEM. There were a difference score microleakage and mean value of distance between silica 5% modified GIC with enamel and dentin had smaller distance, as compared to GIC.

Finite Element Analysis in Setting of Fillings of V-Shaped Tooth Defects Made with Glass-Ionomer Cement and Flowable Composite

The aim of the present paper is to investigate the deformation–stress state of fillings of V-shaped tooth defects by finite element analysis (FEA). Two different materials are used—auto-cured resin-reinforced glass-ionomer cement (GIC) and flowable photo-cured composite (FPC). Two materials are placed into the cavity in one portion, as before the application of the composite the cavity walls are covered with a thin adhesive layer. Deformations and equivalent von Mises stresses are evaluated by FEA. Experimental study of micro-leakage is performed. It is established that there is an analogous non-homogeneous distribution of equivalent Von Mises stresses at fillings of V-shaped defects, made with GIC and FPC. Maximum stresses are generated along the boundaries of the filling on the vestibular surface of the tooth and at the bottom of the filling itself. Values of equivalent Von Mises stresses of GIC fillings are higher than that of FPC. Magnitude and character of deformation distribution at GIC and FPC fillings are similar—deformation is maximum along the vestibular surface of the filling and is 0.056 and 0.053 mm, respectively. In FPC fillings, the adhesive layer, located along the cavity/filling boundary, is characterized with greatest strain. The experimental study of micro-leakage has confirmed the adequacy of models used in FEA.

IN VITRO STUDY ON MARGINAL MICROLEAKAGE OF FOUR TEMPORARY CEMENTS IN PROVISIONAL CROWNS

Background: Prolonged retention of provisional restoration is depends upon the long term affinity between restoration and teeth structures which depend upon the use of good mechanical characteristics, low solubility, and superior adhesion quality of luting cement which also resist bacterial and molecular penetration. Hence, assessment of marginal leakage of provisional restorative materials sealed with provisional cements using the standardized procedures is essential.
 Aim: This study aimed at in vitro study of microleakage of 4 provisional cements, a cavity base compound and a zinc-phosphate luting cement in provisional acrylic resin crowns fixed on extracted human teeth.
 Material & Methods: The teeth with acrylic restorations were randomly divided into 6 groups of 6 specimens each. Each group received different types of temporary cement. Acrylic resin crowns were made and fitted on intact human premolars with the 4 cements. All restorations were applied in a standardized manner. Specimen were submerged in a 2% methylene blue solution, then sectioned and observed under a stereomicroscope for the detection of marginal microleakage. Obtained data were subjected to ANNOVA and Chi –square test to know statistical significant difference between different groups. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
 Results and observation: Mean frequency of microleakage was statistically significant among all the groups under study with Pvalue<0.017.
 Conclusion: Among all the temporary cement, Zinc-phosphate cements has the best property with reduced microleakage. Even it is used as cavity base but can be used as good temporary cement as far as microleakage is concerned.
 Key words, Microleakage, provisional cement, restorations, crowns, in vitro

Study of Marginal Microleakage in Root Caries Restored with Resin Composites, Giomers and Glass Ionomer Cements

Root decay is a complex and multifactorial disease. The aim of this study is to assess in vitro the sealing capacity of common aesthetic materials used to restore root caries as well as the size of the hybrid layer formed by SE-1 step vs 2-step ER adhesive techniques. For this study, 45 extracted teeth were used. After cleaning, near the enamel-cement junction, but at the level of the cementum, cavities were prepared and restored with resin composite, giomer and glass-ionomer cements. The teeth were covered with nail polish leaving uncovered the restoration area and 2mm around it; teeth were kept for 24 h , in 2% methylene blue. To assess the degree of marginal adaptation, SEM analysis was further performed. The association of 2-step ER adhesive system with giomers and resin composite shows the maximum adhesion efficiency by forming a uniform, thick layer and dentinal tubules obliteration compared to SE-1 step adhesive system associated with the same restoration materials.

A comparative study of microleakage between giomer and ormocer restoration in class I cavity of first permanent premolar teeth in vivo

This study was performed to compare the marginal microleakage of ormocer restorative material with that of giomer in vivo. Forty Class I cavities were prepared in non-carious permanent premolar teeth from 10 patients. Twenty cavities were filled with giomer and the remaining 20 cavities were filled by ormocer restorative materials. After one month, teeth were extracted, immersed in rhodamine dye solution, and then longitudinally bisected to assess the degree of dye penetration by stereoscopy. Furthermore, the gap between the dental material and tooth tissue were observed by the scanning electron microscope. The results showed that no microleakage (score 0) was detected in 15 ormocer and 5 giomer restorations. The remaining restorations were associated with dye penetration which was due to gap formation as seen in stereoscopic and scanning electron microscopic observations. The differences between ormocer and giomer restorative materials in respect to dye penetration were statistically significant. It can be concluded that ormocer restorative material shows less microleakage than that of giomer.

A comparative study of apical microleakage of different root canal sealers by apical dye penetration

Objective: This study was designed to compare the level of apical microleakage of root canal sealers; Acroseal, AH Plus, Endoflas FS and Endomethasone N, with laterally condensed gutta percha by level of apical dye penetration.Materials and Methods: Freshly extracted sixty permanent maxillary anterior teeth were divided randomly into four groups. Shaping and cleaning of teeth was done followed by obturation with gutta percha and four different root canal sealers. Samples were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye solution in individual dappen dish and stored in the solution for 30 days. The roots were split longitudinally with a chisel in two halves and observed under stereomicroscope. Apical microleakage measured from the apex to the most coronal extent of dye penetration.Results: Minimum microleakage was observed with AH Plus with mean value 2.140 mm, standard deviation 0.817. The maximum microleakage was observed with Endomethasone N with mean value 3.858 mm, standard deviation 1.840. There was no statistically significant difference in microleakage between Acroseal, AH Plus, and Endoflas FS. Endomethasone N showed highest level of microleakage than other three groups under the test condition, which was statistically significant.Conclusion: The microleakage was the lowest for the AH Plus and increased in the following order, Endoflas FS, Acroseal, Endomethasone N.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(2) 2017 p.219-224

A Comparative in Vitro Study of Apical Microleakage of Five Obturation Techniques

A comparison was made between the root canal lateral condensation technique and other condensation techniques in which physical (temperature: Soft-Core®, Obtura II®) or chemical changes (condensation: Guttaflow®, Resilon®) may affect the dimensional stability of obturation and thus favor apical microleakage. A total of 212 single-root teeth removed for orthodontic or periodontal reasons were randomized to 5 groups of 40 teeth each. Six samples were used as positive controls, and another 6 as negative controls. The teeth were worked with the Hero 642 system, and each group was obturated using a different technique: lateral condensation, Obtura II®, Soft-Core®, Guttaflow® or Resilon®. The samples were immersed in black ink, and after 72 hours the teeth were transparentized using the technique described by Robertson. Filtration of the ink was measured under the stereoscopic microscope. Analysis of variance and post-hoc testing were used for the statistical analysis. The Soft-Core® obturated group showed significantly greater microleakage than the other groups, with no differences among the rest of the groups. Under the conditions of this study, the teeth obturated with the Soft-Core® technique showed greater apical microleakage than the other systems.

An In Vitro Study of Micro Leakage of Different Types of Composites with Respect to Their Matrix Compositions

Aims: Effect of composition of hybrid composites on their microleakage behavior was evaluated. Study Design: An invitro microleakage study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, between May 2012 and July 2013. Methodology: 160 Class V cavities were divided into four equal parts each restored with either “Spectrum”,“Admira”, “FilteckP90” or “Smart dentine replacement SDR”. Teeth were thermocycled, immersed in 1% methylene blue for four hours and sectioned buccolingually. AutoCAD software was used in delineating cavity outlines and depth of dye penetration. Data was treated using ANOVA, Turkey and t-tests at 95% confidence. Results: Spectrum displayed more intact interface at enamel margins than Filteck, P90 and Admira, similarly SDR interface to enamel was better than that of Admira® (p<0.05). Original Research Article AArticle Article British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 4(9) 1908-1922, 2014 1909 The materials’ interface at the gingival wall was of comparable nature. Conclusion: Variations of materials’ type or location of Class V cavity, buccal or lingual, does not affect the tooth/restoration bond interface. AutoCAD software proved to be a powerful measurement tool and is recommended for microleakage studies.

An &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;in Vitro&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Study of Microleakage Comparing Total-Etch with Bonding Resin and Self-Etch Adhesive Luting Cements for All-Ceramic Crowns

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the dye leakage present following cementation of all-ceramic crowns with 7 currently used cements to compare total-etch (TE) with dentine bonding agent (DBA) and self-etch (SE) systems. Methods: Forty-two Authentic? crowns were fabricated and cemented onto extracted human teeth using 7 currently available cements (2 two-stage adhesives (TE + DBA): Panavia 21 Kuraray; Paracore, Coltene Whaledent and 5 all-in-one adhesives (SE): MaxCem Kerr; Panavia F2.0 Kuraray; RelyX Unicem 3MEspe; seT SDI). Following storage in water and thermal cycling, the teeth were exposed to dye, sectioned and examined under confocal microscopy. Leakage was determined by two blinded examiners and scoring was carried out on a scale of 0 - 8 per tooth (0 = no leakage, 8 complete leakage across the section). One overall reading was obtained per tooth with 6 teeth per material. Results: The results showed a wide range of scores between the different cements. Only a few specimens which used TE + DBA showed slight marginal leakage: Paracore (mean score 0 ± 0) and Panavia 21 (0.3 ± 0.5). The majority of specimens using SE showed leakage: RelyX Unicem (0.8 ± 0.8), SmartCem (1.7 ± 2.1), MaxCem (3.2 ± 1.7), Panavia F2.0 (4.5 ± 2.4) then seT (5.2 ± 2.5). Statistical analysis was carried out showing that Paracore and Panavia 21 were significantly less prone to leakage than MaxCem, (P = 0.002) and seT (P < 0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, the choice of luting cement is important in reducing dye leakage. This study strongly favours the use of a TE with separate adhesive system placed prior to the composite luting resin.

In vitrostudy of microleakage of endodontically treated teeth restored with different adhesive systems and fiber-reinforced posts

Purpose: While studies have examined microleakage in endodontically treated teeth restored with posts, microleakage among post and adhesive systems remains a concern. This study compared the sealing properties of 3 adhesively luted post systems. Materials and methods: Thirty-six endodontically treated permanent maxillary central incisors were divided into 3 groups: Zirconia-glass fiber, Quartz-glass fiber, Polyethylene fiber posts. Post space was prepared and each post was adhesively luted with 3 systems. The specimens were separately immersed in freshly prepared 2% methylene blue solution for 1 week. The cleaned specimens were then embedded in autopolymerizing acrylic resin. The root portion of tooth were horizontally sectioned into three pieces (apical, middle, and coronal portions). An occlusal view of each section was digitally photographed with a stereomicroscope. The methylene blue-infiltrated surface for each specimen was measured. Dye penetration was estimated as the ratio of the methylene blue-infiltrated surface to the total dentin surface. Results: No significant differences were found among post types. The variables of middle section and 3-stage adhesive produced significant differences in microleakage between the following post pairs: zirconia-glass fiber versus quartz-glass fiber, zirconia-glass fiber versus polyethylene fiber, and quartz-glass fiber versus polyethylene fiber (P<.05). There were significant differences between the apical and coronal sections of each post type, and between apical versus middle sections of quarze-glass fiber and polyethylene fiber posts (P<.05). Conclusion: No significant differences were found among post types. The 3-stage adhesive produced significant differences in microleakage between the following post pairs. (J Korean Acad Prosthodont 2014;52:74-81)

A Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Glass Ionomer Cement and Chitosan-modified Glass Ionomer Cement: An in vitro Study.

ABSTRACTObjective: To do a comparative study of microleakage of glass ionomer cement (GIC) and chitosan modified glass ionomer cement and evaluate which exhibited lesser microleakage.Materials and methods: Sixty freshly extracted sound primary molar teeth were obtained. Two groups of samples were created for the study which comprised of group I (glass ionomer cement—GIC) and group II (Chitosan modified glass ionomer cement). Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces. All the tooth surfaces except the restoration and a 1 mm zone adjacent to its margins were covered with two coats of varnish. The specimens were then immersed in 2% basic fuschin dye solution for 24 hours. The teeth were sectioned into two halves buccolingually in an occlusoapical direction. Sections were viewed under stereomicroscope and the degree of microleakage was evaluated using specific scoring criteria. For comparative evaluation of microleakage scores between glass ionomer cement and chitosan modified cement, a nonparametric Mann-Whitney statistical analysis was done.Results: Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between groups I and II with the p-value at >0.05.Conclusion: Chitosan modified GIC holds great promise for general dentistry as a future restorative material with microleakage properties similar to or better than GIC.How to cite this article: Abraham D, Thomas AM, Chopra S, Koshy S. A Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Glass Ionomer Cement and Chitosan-modified Glass Ionomer Cement: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;7(1):6-10.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MICROLEAKAGE OF OBTURATED ROOT CANALS AFTER DISINFECTION WITH Nd:YAG LASER, PDT AND NAOCL AND EDTA.

SUMMARY Endodontic therapy consists of cleaning and shaping the root canal system, removing organic debris and sealing the intracanal space with permanent filling materials. The use of lasers and photo-activated disinfection in endodontic treatment may cause morphological changes in the dentin of the root canal. The purpose of this laboratory study was to compare the degree of hermetic obturation of root canals after endodontic treatment and disinfection with Nd: YAG laser, photo-activated disinfection with FotoSan, NaOCL 2,5% + EDTA 17% and obturated with AH 26 sealer and guttapercha. For the laboratory study we used 30 freshly extracted single rooted teeth. After that the teeth are divided into three groups, depending on the mode of additional root canal disinfection and obturated. The leakage was shown using dye penetration test with methylene blue for a period of 3 days at 37°C. Microleakage was observed in all studied groups.

Application of chlorhexidine, fluoride and artificial saliva during radiotherapy: an in vitro study of microleakage in Class V restorations

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on microleakage in Class V restorations of daily applications of artificial saliva, fluoride mouthrinses and chlorhexidine to irradiated bovine teeth. Class V cavities were created in 60 bovine teeth. The teeth were divided randomly into two groups: the first group (n=30) was subjected to radiotherapy until the teeth had received a total accumulated dose of 60Gy; the second group (n=30) was used as a control group. Both groups were divided into three subgroups (n=10): in Group A teeth were submerged in Xeros Dentaid(®) artificial saliva; Group B teeth were submerged in a solution of 1% amine fluoride; Group C teeth were submerged in 0.12% chlorhexidine. All treatments were applied three times a day for six weeks. Afterwards microleakage into the composite restorations was measured using MIP4 image software. It was seen that radiation caused increases in microleakage in composite restorations. Statistically significant differences were found in the artificial saliva group (p=0.013) and the chlorhexidine group (p=0.023). Microleakage in composite restorations was greater among radiated teeth.

An in-Vitro Study of Microleakage Around Class V Cavities Bonded with a Self-Etching Material Versus a Conventional Two-Bottle System

An in-Vitro Study of Microleakage Around Class V Cavities Bonded with a Self-Etching Material Versus a Conventional Two-Bottle System

Determination of inner implant's volumes: a pilot study for microleakage quantification by stereomicroscopy and spectrophotometry.

Microleakage quantification of fluids and microorganisms through the connections of different implant parts seems to be sparse. Moreover, no data exist regarding the determination of the volumes of inner parts of dental implant systems. This study aims to determine the volumes of inner parts of three dental implant systems with the same interface and to evaluate the microleakage phenomenon. Three implant system sets (Euro-teknika(®), Astra Tech(®) and Implantium(®)) were used in this study. Implants were inoculated with safranin, brain heart infusion and distilled water. After inoculation and assembly of the different parts, different inner volumes (V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 and V6) were measured and, the surfaces of the micro gaps were observed through a stereomicroscope. Implants containing safranin were immersed in vials containing distilled water. Samples then were taken to determine optical density using a spectrophotometer. Regardless the used substance, volumes of the 3-implant systems are different. Although volumes V1, V 2, V 3 and V5 appeared to be constant within the same system regardless the used substance, volumes V4 and V6 were not. The determination of the volumes and the evaluation of leaked substance using stereomicroscopic and spectrophotometric methods showed the accuracy of these methods and the importance of their use in the study of microleakage. Leakage is an important factor for chronic inflammatory infiltration and marginal bone resorption. Studies have shown fluid and bacterial leakage into abutment- implant (A-I) assemblies of certain implants with 'closely locked' abutments and the creation of a constant bacterial reservoir in the empty space found between the implant and the abutment.

In vitro study of microleakage of different techniques of surface preparation used in pits and fissures

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different techniques of surface preparation on the microleakage of a sealant applied with traditional acid etching and self-etched bonding agent. A total of 60 extracted third molars were randomly assigned into six groups (n = 10/each). The occlusal surfaces were sealed with a sealant (Clinpro) after one of the following pretreatments: (1) phosphoric acid etching; (2) Prompt L-Pop; (3) laser + etching; (4) laser + Prompt L-Pop; (5) air abrasion + etching; (6) air abrasion + Prompt L-Pop. The specimens were immersed in a 0.5% basic fuchsin solution. Buccolingual cuts parallel to the long axis of the tooth were made. The surfaces were scored 0--2 for extent of microleakage using a microscope and the data were analyzed statistically. The poorest results were obtained with laser + Prompt L-Pop which showed a greater number of specimens with microleakage (80%). Air abrasion surface preparation + phosphoric acid etching showed less microleakage than the other groups (40%). Kruskal--Wallis and t-tests revealed no significant difference in microleakage between six groups. conclusion: The self-etching adhesive studied seems an attractive alternative to the acid-etch technique for sealant application in young children where simplifications in the clinical procedure are warranted. No significant difference was noted between the different types of enamel preparation before fissure sealant.