Life Cycle Assessment Studies Research Articles

Microalgae biomass: A multi-product biorefinery solution for sustainable energy, environmental remediation, and industrial symbiosis

The rapid expansion of industrialization and the depletion of non-renewable fossil fuel have urged the search for alternative and sustainable renewable resources to fulfil the escalating energy demand while reducing water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Microalgae have emerged as a promising and sustainable solution, capable of not only treating wastewater but also yielding valuable products. This study aimed to explore the primary applications of microalgae, including wastewater treatment and CO2 sequestration, while assessing the viability of utilizing the resultant microalgae biomass (MB) across diverse sectors such as liquid and gaseous biofuels, bioplastics, animal and aquatic feed, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, biofertilizers, and cosmetics production. Additionally, the study discusses the importance of assessing the environmental impacts of these applications through life cycle assessment (LCA) studies and elaborate the concept of a multi-products biorefinery system. To address the contemporary challenges of the bio-economy in simultaneously producing multiple high-value products, the biorefinery complexity index (BCI) was estimated to be 37, highlighting the need for further research to establish the practicability of a multi-products biorefinery system.

Eco-efficient cadmium(II) removal from water using alcohol distillate waste: A study of life cycle assessment

This study investigates the use of exhausted grape pomace, a byproduct of alcohol distillation, as a biosorbent for use in removing cadmium(II) from wastewater, in line with principles of a circular economy. Cadmium in water presents substantial environmental and health risks. Conventional treatment methods are often costly and environmentally damaging. This research proposes the use of agro-industrial waste as a sustainable and economical alternative. The biosorption process was optimized with Box-Behnken Design and Response Surface Methodology an adjusting factor such as the cadmium concentration, biosorbent dosage, solution pH, and stirring time. The findings reveal that cadmium(II) removal improves with increased stirring time, reaching a 99 % removal rate at 134 min. Optimal conditions include a biosorbent dosage of 2.4 g, pH 4.7, and initial cadmium concentration of 55 mg/L. The biosorption process also increased the solution’s pH, ensuring compliance with wastewater discharge regulations. Two optimization scenarios were evaluated. One achieved a 99.99 % removal efficiency for maximum cadmium reduction, The second focused on cost-effectiveness and environmental impact, attaining 77.35 % removal. This scenario highlights reduced the environmental impact, thereby supporting the role of exhausted grape pomace as a viable and eco-friendly option for wastewater treatment. Life cycle analysis, using CML-IA mid-point and ReCiPe end-point indicators, further underscores the sustainability of this approach, affirming the potential of grape pomace to contribute to circular, resource-efficient wastewater management.

A Design Methodology Incorporating a Sound Insulation Prediction Model, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and Thermal Insulation: A Comparative Study of Various Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) and Ribbed CLT-Based Floor Assemblies

Mass timber is increasingly being employed in constructing low- and mid-rise buildings. One of the primary reasons for using mass timber structures is their sustainability and ability to reduce environmental consequences in the building sector. One criticism of these structures is their lower subjective sound insulation quality. Therefore, acoustic treatments should be considered. However, acoustic solutions do not necessarily contribute to lower environmental impacts or improved thermal insulation performance. This paper discusses a design methodology that incorporates the development of a sound insulation prediction tool (using an artificial neural networks approach), life cycle assessment analysis, and thermal insulation study. A total of 112 sound insulation measurements (in one-third octave bands from 50 to 5000 Hz) are utilized to develop the network model and are also used for the LCA and thermal insulation study. They are lab-based measurements and are performed on 45 various CLT- and ribbed CLT-based assemblies. The acoustic model demonstrates satisfactory results with 1 dB differences in the prediction of airborne and impact sound indices (Rw and Ln,w). An acoustic sensitivity study and a statistical analysis are then conducted to validate the model’s results. Additionally, an LCA analysis is performed on the floor assemblies to calculate their environmental footprints. LCA categories are plotted against the acoustic performance of floors. No correlations are found, and the results emphasize that a wide range of sound insulation can be achieved with similar environmental impacts. Within each acoustic performance tier, the LCA results can be optimized for a floor assembly by selecting appropriate materials. The thermal insulation of floors is then calculated. Overall, a strong positive correlation is found between the total thermal resistance and heat loss against acoustic performance. Designers should be cognizant of the trade-offs between acoustic, thermal insulation, and environmental performance when choosing assemblies with favorable environmental impacts relative to acoustic and thermal insulation ratios.

Life cycle assessment (LCA) of biodegradable linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) manufactured in India

The global plastic crisis requires urgent attention, as highlighted by a comprehensive review of LCA studies on plastics. Mismanagement of plastic waste has worsened this crisis, affecting all life forms and contaminating natural resources. Plastic production leads to Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. Plastic consumption has resulted in pollution across land, water, and even the air, with microplastics entering the human posing health risks like cancer and allergies. The article stresses the importance of LLDPE and explores the potential of bioplastics. Identifying research gaps led to the initiation of an innovative cradle-to-grave LCA investigation. NICHEM Solutions pioneered a three-stage process to manufacture three products: 1) a novel additive, 2) biodegradable LLDPE granules from the additive, and 3) biodegradable LLDPE film from these granules. Utilizing GaBi software and adhering to ISO 14040 guidelines, this study assessed the environmental and health impacts associated with all three products. Additive production had the highest environmental impact, followed by granule and film formation. Material production led to the overall environmental footprint, with LLDPE film production exhibiting notable effects. Transportation impacts were minimal but presented opportunities for optimization. Results revealed significant marine aquatic impacts across various processes, with global warming and human toxicity also identified as concerns. The study also evaluated alternative energy sources, finding natural gas to be the most favorable overall, followed by solar energy and biogas. Conversely, coal and grid-based electricity usage had the most detrimental effects on global warming and marine aquatic impact. Disposal methods such as landfilling and incineration were shown to exacerbate environmental impacts across multiple categories.

Lowering the carbon footprint of beer through waste breadcrumb substitution for malted barley: Life cycle assessment and experimental study

Beer is the most produced and consumed alcoholic beverage in the world, but the agricultural production of its most common ingredient, i.e. malted barley, is a significant contributor to the overall environmental footprint of beer. In addition, food wastage, particularly bread with millions of slices wasted daily, poses a waste management challenge across the globe. This study aims to address both issues through brewing beer with waste bread that would have otherwise ended up in landfill by replacing a portion of malted barley with waste bread. A sourdough pale ale was brewed at various bread percentages to understand how the inclusion of bread changed the sugar profile and fermentability of the beer. The samples were mashed at two different temperatures, 65 °C and 70 °C, to assess the impacts of mashing. It was found that the volume of alcohol produced declined with increasing bread amounts, but brewing with up to 60 wt% bread produced the same volume of alcohol as a standard beer. A life cycle assessment was performed to quantify the change in cradle to grave environmental impact for brewing beers with varying bread percentages with the view to conduct more targeted feasibility studies in the future with waste bread substitution. Significant reductions in emissions were observed as regards global warming potential, terrestrial ecotoxicity, acidification, eutrophication, ozone depletion, and abiotic depletion of fossil fuels. In particular, the global warming potential for the real-life example microbrewery studied in this work was decreased by 7.13% of the total carbon dioxide equivalent annually, demonstrating the environmental advantages of brewing beer with waste bread.

Evaluating Environmental Impacts of Urban Development Strategies: A Case Study of the Fontaine d’Ouche District

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a methodology used to analyze the environmental impacts of a product. Initially, it was applied to buildings only, but recently, it has also been applied to entire neighborhood. This expansion from individual buildings to the neighborhood scale requires additional inputs, such as the impacts of public spaces, transportation, public network systems, and roads. Additionally, conducting an LCA for a neighborhood requires software tools to simulate the neighborhood and databases to store the environmental impacts of all the components integrated into the neighborhood. This paper presents an LCA case study of a neighborhood in Dijon, France. The study aims to analyze the thermal impacts of buildings and the neighborhood with single-, double-, and triple-pane windows. The second part of the study involves two LCA studies using the 1996 version of ecoinvent. The first study is a continuation of the thermal simulation analysis, while the second study compares concrete, masonry, and timber-based construction designs for the neighborhoods. The results show that the heating demands inside the buildings are substantially reduced when transitioning from single- to triple-pane, while the cooling demands show the opposite effect. Furthermore, doubling the width of double-pane windows resulted in less profound environmental damage for the construction, use, and demolition phases compared to single-pane windows, with only the renovation phase being more damaging. Additionally, the comparison between different construction scenarios shows that the timber-based variant is slightly advantageous from an environmental point of view compared to the concrete and masonry designs.

Machine Learning Prediction of Recycled Concrete Powder with Experimental validation and Life Cycle Assessment study

The environmental effect of the construction sector has recently drawn attention, leading to research which promotes sustainability [1,2]. Therefore, different researcher recommends different alternative materials such as fly ash [3], waste glass [4], red mud [5] and solid waste [6]. Environmental sustainability and mechanical performance are two major concerns in the construction industry. Furthermore, the complex internal relationships between the components of such concrete determine the mix design, which is crucial for attaining the required compressive strength. This study addresses two key issues associated with the current concrete production. First, it uses recycled concrete powder (RCP) as a cement replacement (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) to promote sustainability and the undesirable impact of cement on the environment. Secondly, it proposes a predictive model based on machine learning for the compressive strength of RCP based concrete. A comprehensive dataset containing 270 experimental data points was compiled to train and test various machine learning (ML) models. The experimental results indicated that the optimum RCP mix with 10% replacement, achieved a compressive strength that was 15.8% higher than that of the reference concrete without RCP. Furthermore, scanning electronic microscopy indicates that internal structure improved with RCP due to filling and pozzolanic reaction. ML models indicate that Gradient Boosting was found to be the most precise, exhibiting the highest coefficient of determination with the lowest values for root mean squared error and mean absolute error. These findings provide valuable insights for engineers, contractors, and stakeholders, facilitating enhanced design optimization and promoting the efficient use of resources in concrete construction projects.

Data quality assessment of aggregated LCI datasets: A case study on fossil‐based and bio‐based plastic food packaging

AbstractEnvironmental impacts resulting from plastic food packaging, made from both fossil‐based and bio‐based polymers, are increasingly analyzed in life cycle assessment (LCA) studies. However, the literature reveals significant variations in results for the same polymer within the same scope. To enhance the reliability of these assessments, data quality assessment (DQA) plays a relevant role. However, despite most of the LCA studies employing aggregated life cycle inventory (LCI) datasets, in the literature, DQA methods for aggregated processes are not available. To fill this gap, in this paper, a DQA for aggregated LCI datasets is proposed and demonstrated through its application to 101 aggregated LCI datasets, extracted from Ecoinvent and GaBi databases. The DQA method has been developed by adapting and integrating the pedigree matrix and the data quality ranking proposed by the recently published EC Plastic LCA method. The three data quality indicators (DQIs) used are technological, geographical, and time‐related representativeness. The application of this method exhibits an overall positive evaluation of the selected datasets with differences among the three DQIs. Moreover, it highlights the role of metadata structure in adequately supporting a robust DQA. Indeed, in the absence of a common framework that defines, assesses, and provides access to data quality information, transparency must be assured by the operator in the metadata interpretation and related assumptions along the DQA process. Finally, although the proposed DQA method was developed for the plastic sector, its application can be extended to LCI aggregated datasets relevant to other sectors, materials, and products.

Hydrothermal pretreatment with microwaves: A new strategy for ensuring the sustainability of biorefineries

Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) includes agricultural residues, crop wastes, and food wastes that are ubiquitously present and can be used as renewable resources to generate bioenergy or biofuels. Still, direct utilization of LCB to produce biofuel is not an easy task due to the recalcitrance property of LCB. The pretreatment strategy is an important step in a biorefinery to reduce biomass recalcitrance and to use it for bioenergy including value-added product generation. Microwave irradiation is procuring interest regarding LCB and waste material pretreatment over time before moving to biological transformation to biofuels. The coupling of microwave heating with water has made it the most effective treatment for biomass valorization to generate biofuel and other value-added products, turning it into the most cost-effective and eco-friendly approach. Despite its numerous advantages, scaling up microwave pretreatment from laboratory experiments to industrial applications faces several challenges. These limitations become significant hurdles in scaling up. As a result, it is necessary to focus research on cost evaluations and life cycle assessment (LCA) studies for commercialization that will benefit the bioeconomy and the environment. This review discusses microwave-assisted pretreatment significance in valorizing LCB for biofuel generation including the cost evaluation and LCA studies that have the most important role in commercializing the microwave-assisted pretreatment from lab scale to industrial scale.

Environmental sustainability, energy efficiency and uncertainty analysis of agricultural residue-based bioethanol production: A comprehensive life cycle assessment study

Bioethanol produced from agro-residue provides a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, mitigating pollution, reducing waste, and promoting a circular economy. However, challenges arise in sustainable sourcing, resource conflicts, water quality concerns, and managing environmental footprints to maximize agro-residue-based bioethanol benefits. The environmental impacts, net energy ratio (NER), net energy value, water footprint, and uncertainties associated with bioethanol production from agro-residues are analyzed in this study. The analysis followed a cradle-to-gate approach using 1 L of bioethanol produced as a functional unit (FU), allowing for a direct comparison of the environmental performance of the different feedstocks. The result shows that rice straw-based bioethanol exhibited higher environmental impacts, particularly in terms of ecotoxicity, ionizing radiation, human toxicity, and ozone layer depletion, except for greenhouse gas emission, which is lowest for corn stover (0.37 kg CO2 eq. per FU) and highest for cassava straw (1.1 kg CO2 eq. per FU). Furthermore, the Cumulative Energy Demand analysis highlighted a significant reliance on fossil fuels from agricultural biomass throughout the bioethanol production process. The energy balance analysis shows that the agricultural residues are feasible for bioethanol production with NER of 1.20, 3.10, and 3.28 for rice straw, corn stover, and cassava straw, respectively. To enhance the accuracy and reliability of the LCA results, Monte Carlo simulation was employed to account for uncertainty and variability in the data. This methodology provides a better understanding of the impacts of bioethanol production, with a focus on sustainability and advancements in reducing our reliance on fossil fuels.

Mitigating Grand Challenges in Life Cycle Inventory Modeling through the Applications of Large Language Models.

The accuracy of life cycle assessment (LCA) studies is often questioned due to the two grand challenges of life cycle inventory (LCI) modeling: (1) missing foreground flow data and (2) inconsistency in background data matching. Traditional mechanistic methods (e.g., process simulation) and existing machine learning (ML) methods (e.g., similarity-based selection methods) are inadequate due to their limitations in scalability and generalizability. The large language models (LLMs) are well-positioned to address these challenges, given the massive and diverse knowledge learned through the pretraining step. Incorporating LLMs into LCI modeling can lead to the automation of inventory data curation from diverse data sources and to the implementation of a multimodal analytical capacity. In this article, we delineated the mechanisms and advantages of LLMs to addressing these two grand challenges. We also discussed the future research to enhance the use of LLMs for LCI modeling, which includes the key areas such as improving retrieval augmented generation (RAG), integration with knowledge graphs, developing prompt engineering strategies, and fine-tuning pretrained LLMs for LCI-specific tasks. The findings from our study serve as a foundation for future research on scalable and automated LCI modeling methods that can provide more appropriate data for LCA calculations.

Life cycle assessment of metal powder production: a Bayesian stochastic Kriging model-based autonomous estimation

Metal powder contributes to the environmental burdens of additive manufacturing (AM) substantially. Current life cycle assessments (LCAs) of metal powders present considerable variations of lifecycle environmental inventory due to process divergence, spatial heterogeneity, or temporal fluctuation. Most importantly, the amounts of LCA studies on metal powder are limited and primarily confined to partial material types. To this end, based on the data surveyed from a metal powder supplier, this study conducted an LCA of titanium and nickel alloy produced by electrode-inducted and vacuum-inducted melting gas atomization, respectively. Given that energy consumption dominates the environmental burden of powder production and is influenced by metal materials’ physical properties, we proposed a Bayesian stochastic Kriging model to estimate the energy consumption during the gas atomization process. This model considered the inherent uncertainties of training data and adaptively updated the parameters of interest when new environmental data on gas atomization were available. With the predicted energy use information of specific powder, the corresponding lifecycle environmental impacts can be further autonomously estimated in conjunction with the other surveyed powder production stages. Results indicated the environmental impact of titanium alloy powder is slightly higher than that of nickel alloy powder and their lifecycle carbon emissions are around 20 kg CO2 equivalency. The proposed Bayesian stochastic Kriging model showed more accurate predictions of energy consumption compared with conventional Kriging and stochastic Kriging models. This study enables data imputation of energy consumption during gas atomization given the physical properties and producing technique of powder materials.

Review: Leather sustainability, an industrial ecology in process

AbstractLeather production is a historic industry that still has an economic influence throughout the world. Leather making is done following a sequence of complex chemical and mechanical steps, using energy, quantity of water and chemicals, and generating waste. For several decades, many organizations have been working toward a cleaner tannery industry resulting in better practices, saving energy and water, and increasing wastewater treatment efficiency. Solid waste management remains a big issue. Another question posed today is the use of chromium in tanning. It is why a lot of research is now dedicated to metal‐free tanning solutions. Chromium alternatives exist but none can actually rival all the advantages of chromium and a balance must be found with environmental issues. To measure the environmental performance of leather, several tools are available. The LWG (Leather Working Group) audit is one of them. On the side of consumers, some reliable leather ecolabelings exist. Finally, life cycle assessment (LCA) is the most exhaustive tool for characterizing leather's environmental performance. Numerous LCA studies done in the past two decades underline the difficulty in obtaining general results, considering the large variety of processes used depending on tanneries, localization, and raw materials. In addition, the data available for LCA are still poor in regard to the specific data needed for leather chemicals. The best methods associated with new technologies, audit, and labeling lead leather production into a cleaner and environment‐friendly industry.

A sound insulation prediction tool and LCA: A comparative study considering different wooden assemblies

This paper aims to develop an acoustic design methodology for CLT floor assemblies using artificial neural networks approach by integration of life cycle assessment (LCA). 72 Lab-based measurements are used to develop the acoustic prediction tool. They are related to 29 different CLT-based floor assemblies. The weighted sound reduction index (Rw), and the weighted normalized impact sound pressure level (Ln,w) are estimated with an accuracy of 2 dB. Then a LCA study is conducted on assemblies that are used to test the network model. The acoustic performance and their environmental impacts are compared to highlight trends that may guide decision-makers in the design phase. This paper initially found that CLT-based floor assemblies generally increase the environmental impacts to achieve better acoustic insulation. However, a good sound attenuation can be reached by selecting suitable acoustic solutions.

Sustainable management of end of life crystalline silicon solar panels in Australia: Advancing circular economy practices

The worldwide adaptation of Photovoltaic (PV) technology as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, has experienced exponential growth in recent years. However, the lack of effective waste management policies has hindered efficient PV panel disposal and recycling practices. In the absence of effective policies, the worldwide End-of-Life (EoL) PV module accumulation is predicted to reach a critical stage in the early 2030s. This study examines the environmental impacts of different EoL management practices using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), based on a comprehensive database generated from both literature and industrial data. Five different EoL scenarios were considered for 1000 kg of Crystalline Silicon (c-Si) PV modules with a focus on Australia as a case study, while considering the energy recovery options and emphasizing the economic benefits. From a comprehensive LCA study, it is found that upcycling options reduce the environmental impacts significantly compared to downcycling, while chemical treatment emerges as a preferred option, demonstrating a reduced environmental burden. Nevertheless, the utilization of toxic chemicals during chemical treatment-based PV recycling needs to be reconsidered. Additionally, the usage of chemicals during the metal recovery process of PV module recycling caused the highest environmental burden, necessitating the importance of moving to greener treatment practices. This research study will enable the identification of optimum EoL c-Si module recycling options, contributing to sustainable waste management.

Challenges and Issues of Life Cycle Assessment of Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Waste

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a widely used tool to measure the environmental sustainability of products or processes. Integrating LCA into the assessment of waste diversion strategies recognizes that current waste diversion strategies are insufficient to stem the global impacts of waste effectively. The increased pressure to divert organic and inorganic materials to reduce landfills impacts and promotes the circular economy. Historically, waste diversion efforts in municipalities and industries focused on higher-profile inorganic wastes, such as plastics and other recyclables. However, organic waste is increasingly identified as a key waste fraction that must be effectively managed and regulated. This research surveys published LCAs from 2019 to 2023 focusing on the anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic waste. Notable conclusions include the lack of studies comparing AD with the latest treatment options such as co-gasification; the insufficient attention to the LCAs on biogas upgrading methods; and the monetization of LCA results using carbon credits. In addition, more than 50% of reviewed LCA studies concluded the results with a sensitivity analysis, which was not a common practice before 2019 in LCA studies on anaerobic digestion. This signifies the increasing need to understand uncertainty in the circumstances governing applying AD to wastes. Finally, neglecting the combined effect of several parameters in the sensitivity analysis might have reduced the accuracy of the sensitivity analyses in the reviewed LCAs. Overall, LCAs conducted on AD-related applications vary widely in terms of scope and consistency, implying that the outcomes may not be as applicable as intended. The identified challenges, issues, and other findings related to this research are expected to help standardize LCA procedures as applied to AD to promote greater comparability.

Evaluating the environmental impacts of brick production from waste plastic

The building and construction sector accounts for nearly 40% of the total process-related greenhouse gas emissions, out of which 11% of emissions are related to the production of building materials. To achieve environmental sustainability, it is imperative that these emissions be minimized through a novel approach. We propose that instead of using conventional building techniques of wood-based construction for interior walls of a house, bricks manufactured from waste plastic be used. In this paper, a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) is carried out for the building materials used in the construction of interior walls for a standard 2450 sq. ft. home, and the results are compared to the bricks manufactured from waste plastic. Plastic bricks are manufactured by sorting and shredding the waste plastic and then bailing it in a superheated steam environment. The LCA is modeled in SimaPro 9.5.0.1, using the Ecoinvent v3 database and the ReCiPe Midpoint (H) 2016 impact assessment method. The results indicate that the use of waste plastics in construction leads to reduction in the water consumption by 26%, terrestrial ecotoxicity by 59%, mineral resource scarcity by 81%, and the land use by 99% when compared to conventional construction activities. Our research work provides a novel pathway towards sustainable construction practices through this life cycle assessment study, and the results can be further improved by using eco-friendly energy sources and natural resource-based adhesives. Future work needs to be carried out to explore the mechanical and structural properties of the bricks and their use in large-scale commercial applications, as well as innovative brick designs that eliminate the need for adhesives.

A Comprehensive Review of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Studies in Roofing Industry: Current Trends and Future Directions

The building sector is crucial in keeping the environment healthy, mainly because of its energy and material usage. Roofs are one of the most important components to consider, as they not only shield the building from the elements but also have a big impact on the environment. The paper provides a state-of-the-art review of the life cycle assessment (LCA) application in the roofing industry. The review examines three main focus areas: (1) LCA of different roofing materials, (2) LCA of roofing systems, and (3) whole-building LCA. Key takeaways from the literature review demonstrate that there is significant variability in LCA methods and impact categories assessed across roofing studies. Only a few studies have explored the complete urban scale in LCA assessments of roofing components. Future research can include utilizing the potential of LCA at urban scales, which can offer a full understanding of the environmental impacts associated with roofing materials in urban settings.

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment Study on Carbon Footprint of Water Treatment Plants: Case Study of Indonesia and Taiwan

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment Study on Carbon Footprint of Water Treatment Plants: Case Study of Indonesia and Taiwan

Environmental assessment of the hydrogen combustion process in non-premixed gas turbines

Using cleaner fuels, such as hydrogen and developing more efficient combustion technologies are crucial in reducing NOx and N2O emissions, contributing to environmental concerns like air pollution and global warming. However, studies focusing on gas turbines using H2 as fuel often overlook the emissions resulting from H2 combustion. Given that gas turbines play a significant role in electricity generation globally, even minor improvements in their efficiency can lead to substantial cumulative benefits. Therefore, this study aims to address this gap by conducting a comprehensive environmental assessment using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. By evaluating the environmental impacts of emissions from the combustion process of a conventional gas turbine and comparing them with potential emissions from H2combustion, this research seeks to provide valuable insights into the overall environmental performance of these technologies and contribute to sustainable energy development efforts. There have already been several LCA studies on H2 production. In this study, we have identified the potential emissions and environmental impacts of H2 combustion in gas turbines and compared them with the impact values of H2 production regarding reference studies. The result shows that emissions during combustion should be considered in the identified life cycle impact categories.