Study Of Iron Deficiency Anemia Research Articles

Serum Iron Profile in Type 2 Diabetes, A Role Beyond Anemic Marker!

Background: There are evidences of controversial study findings that iron profile has a significant role in maintenance of glycemic status. This study has therefore been done to estimate the markers of iron in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus as compared to impaired glycemic status and apparently healthy individuals and to look for correlation between these various iron markers and glycemic control. Methods: One hundred and fifteen (115) subjects were enrolled for the study and divided into three groups: fifty (50) each of diabetic & impaired glycemic status and fifteen (15) apparently healthy individuals based on HbA1c level. Basic demographic profile like age and sex and estimation of serum random glucose, urea, ceatinine, iron, ferritin, transferrin and soluble transferring receptor (stfR) were done. Results: ANOVA test has shown a significant difference in the mean for stfR (F=11.055, p=0.000) as well as for stfR/ferritin index (F=8.68, p=0.000). ANOVA for serum iron, transferrin, and ferritin were not statistically different for the groups. A significant correlation was found between HbA1c & stfR -ferritin index and between HbA1c and stfR in diabetic group. Conclusion: Iron and its markers are not only important in detecting and study of iron deficiency anemia but also might have a strong role in glucose homeostasis as well as development of intolerance and hence diabetes. stfR and stfR- ferritin index is comparatively stable and might be therefore used as additional marker along with HbA1C for monitoring blood glucose homeostasis.

ARPEC Project: A prospective multicentre birth cohort study of iron deficiency anaemia in Peru: Learned lessons from a pandemic

ARPEC Project: A prospective multicentre birth cohort study of iron deficiency anaemia in Peru: Learned lessons from a pandemic

A Cross-sectional Study of Iron Deficiency Anemia and Hemoglobinopathy Carriers among School Children in Two Different Cities in KSA

Aim: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common cause of anemia in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD) are major concerns in several nations, including KSA. This study sought to investigate the prevalence of IDA, sickle cell trait (SCT), and B thalassemia trait (BTT) among school children in Al-Khobar and Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
 Methods: A multistage random sample of 570 school children aged 12–18 years from both cities were educated about these illnesses and tested for CBC, serum iron, TIBC, reticulocytosis, and sickling. In some circumstances, hemoglobin electrophoresis and HPLC were used.
 Results: Overall, 13% of people had IDA, 3.2 percent had SCT, and 2.5 percent had BTT. The hematological parameters of students with IDA and BTT differed significantly from those of normal students in each city, but not between normal students and those with SCT. There were no significant differences between the sexes for all blood parameters except iron and TIBC.
 Conclusion: Strengthening public health education, dietary initiatives, and school-based hemoglobinopathy carrier screening is proposed to help detect anemia early.

A Study of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children with Bronchial Asthma

A Study of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children with Bronchial Asthma

Study of iron deficiency anemia in infants of 3 to 6 months age group and its risk factors: a cross sectional study

Background: Iron deficiency anemia in 3-6 months-old infants is often neglected. Its presence in healthy infant of less than 6 months of age is largely debated. Neglecting IDA in this critical phase of growth can lead to serious consequences. The aim and objective of the study was to estimate the frequency of IDA in 3-6 months old infants, admitted in rural tertiary care hospital and to study its risk factors.Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the pediatric department of rural tertiary care hospital. 100 infants in the age group 3-6 months were included in the study. Relevant maternal and infant factors were noted. CBC with blood indices, peripheral blood smear and reticulocyte count were studied. Anemia in them was defined as hemoglobin <9.5 g/dl. IDA was diagnosed based in history, examination, indices, and peripheral smear.Results: 22% of infants of 3-6 months had IDA. 40.9% of infants with IDA were low birth weight compared to 11.5% without IDA (p value<0.05). All pre-terms included in the study had IDA. 16% of term, normal birth weight, exclusively breast-fed infants had IDA. Underweight and stunting were seen in 31.8 % and 30.8% of IDA infants compared to 9% and 5.4% of infants without IDA.Conclusions: IDA was quite common in infants less than 6 months and also seen in healthy, term and exclusively breast-fed babies, so universal iron supplementation before 6 months need to be considered in National Iron plus Initiative in India. Preterm, LBW babies and babies with NICU stay are at higher risk of IDA.

Study of Iron-Deficiency Anemia Complicated by Splenomegaly

Study of Iron-Deficiency Anemia Complicated by Splenomegaly

ASSOCIATION OF FEBRILE SEIZURES WITH IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY.

Introduction: Febrile seizures are common in pediatric age group. These seizures are benign and self limiting and usually do not recur after 5 years of age. In pediatric patients viral illnesses are commonly associated with incidence of febrile seizures. Family history of febrile seizures may be present in many cases. Many studies have concluded that febrile seizures are more common in children having iron deficiency some other studies have even reported that iron deficiency is less frequent in children with febrile seizures. We conducted this study of iron deficiency anemia in children presenting with febrile seizures.
 Materials and Methods: 50 pediatric patients presenting with febrile seizures were included in this study on the basis of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic details such as age and gender was noted. Previous history of febrile seizure was asked for and noted. Family and past history was noted. Serum Ferritin levels were determined in all the cases. Hemoglobin levels less than 11 gm/dl was taken as cutoff for the diagnosis of anemia. For statistical analysis SSPS 21.0 software was used and p value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
 Results: Out of 50 studied cases 36 (72.00%) were males and 14 (28.00%) were females with a M: F ratio of 1:0.38. The mean age of patients was found to be 18.18 +/- 11.32 months. Majority of the cases (74%) were having first onset of febrile seizures. Second and third episode of febrile seizures was seen in 8 (16%) and 5 (10%) cases respectively. 42 (84%) patients were found to have simple febrile seizures whereas remaining 8 (16%) patients had complex febrile seizures. criteria 36 (72%) patients were found to have iron deficiency anemia defined as serum Ferritin level below 12 microgram/lit.
 Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia is associated with an increased risk of febrile seizures in pediatric age group.
 Keywords: Febrile Seizures, Iron deficiency anemia, Serum Ferritin, Hemoglobin.

Study of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic in tertiary care hospital in northern India

Background: Anemia is major health problem in developing countries with many underlying etiologies, particularly nutritional deficiencies. Pregnant women are prone to become anemic, and anemia leads to increased morbidity and mortality in mother along with poor pregnancy outcome. This study focused on evaluation of anemia in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in northern India.Methods: Total 1000 pregnant women attended antenatal clinic were enrolled and were evaluated for anemia, and various red blood cell indices were studied.Results: Prevalance of anemia in this study population was 80%, while relative prevalance of mild, moderate and severe anemia was 33.5%, 48.5% and 20% respectively. Majority of cases were because of iron deficiency anemia.Conclusions: Prevalance of anemia is very high in pregnant women which is a major cause for poor pregnancy outcome. Measures need to be taken at various level to improve nutritional status of pregnant women.

Study of iron deficiency anemia in non-pregnant young females at a tertiary care center

Study of iron deficiency anemia in non-pregnant young females at a tertiary care center

Hematological study of iron deficiency anemia and β thalassemia trait in Sindhi community of Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh with predictive value of red cell indices to discriminate them

Background: Ethnic groups like Sindhis, Kutchis, Lohanas, Punjabis, few Muslim groups as well as few tribal populations have higher prevalence of hemoglobinopathy esespecially β thalassemia carriers. β Thalassemia traits are commonly misdiagnosed as iron deficiency anemia. Red cell indices are helpful to discriminate anemia and to detect subjects who have high probability of requiring appropriate follow up and to reduce unnecessary investigation cost. Aims and objectives: 1) To study red blood cell indices in all cases of microcytic hypochromic anemia. 2) Estimation of HbA2 levels and serum ferritin levels to confirmiron deficiency anemia and β thalassemia trait. 3) To evaluate the diagnostic values of various red cell indices in discriminating iron deficiency anemia and β thalassemia trait. Materials and methods: It is a prospective observation study carried out on Sindhi individuals of Sagar District of Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh. Hemoglobin, RBC count, MCV, MCH and RDW were determined. Serum ferritin levels and HbA2 levels were detected. Result: Out of total 200 cases of Sindhi individuals 25 patients (12.5%) were grouped in β thalassemia trait while 175 patients (87.5%) were grouped in iron deficiency anemia group on the basis of HbA2 and serum ferritin level. Significant difference was found inmean MCV, MCH, RDW and RBC count and showed high sensitivity and specificity to discriminate iron deficiency anemia from β thalassemia. Conclusion: Sindhi community of Sagar district of Madhya Pradesh showed high prevalence of β thalassemia trait. Mass awareness and proper pre marriage genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis should be done to reduce the burden of disease.

Epidemiological Study of Iron Deficiency Anemia among Youth Female Athletes in Kuwait

Epidemiological Study of Iron Deficiency Anemia among Youth Female Athletes in Kuwait

Study of iron deficiency anemia in early childhood

Study of iron deficiency anemia in early childhood

IMPACT OF SMALL BOWEL CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY IN IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA: INFLUENCE OF PATIENT'SAGE ON DIAGNOSTIC YIELD.

Iron deficiency anemia remains one of the main indications to perform small bowel capsule endoscopy. Literature suggests that diagnostic yield is influenced by patient's age but with conflicting results regarding age cutoff. We aimed to clarify the differences in diagnostic yield and incidence of specific findings according to age. Retrospective single-center study including 118 patients performing small bowel capsule endoscopy in the study of iron deficiency anemia. Videos were reviewed and small bowel findings that may account for anemia were reported. Incomplete examinations were excluded. Findings were compared between patients ≤60 and >60 years. Patients had a mean age of 58 years old (SD ±17.9) with 69.5% females (n=82). The overall diagnostic yield was 49% (58/118), being higher among patients >60 years (36/60, diagnostic yield 60%) than those ≤60 years (20/58, diagnostic yield 34%), (P<0.01). Angioectasias were more frequent in patients >60 years (45% vs 9%, P<0.01). Patients ≤60 years presented more frequently significant inflammation (Lewis score >135 in 10.3% vs 1.7%, P<0.05) and other non-vascular lesions (24% vs 10%, P=0.04). In our cohort small bowel capsule endoscopy diagnosed clinically relevant findings in the setting of iron deficiency anemia in almost half the patients. Diagnostic yield was higher in patients older than 60 years (60%), with vascular lesions being more frequent in this age group. Despite the lower diagnostic yield in patients ≤60 years, significant pathology was also found in this age group, mainly of inflammatory type.

Study of iron deficiency anemia with thrombocytosis in association with serum erythropoietin levels

Aim: To evaluate the correlation of iron deficiency anemia with thrombocytosis in correlation with serum erythropoietin levels. Introduction: Thrombocytosis is a common hematologic finding that can present as an incidental finding and can lead to a great diagnostic challenge. Thrombocytosis can be caused due to autonomous or as a reactive overproduction secondary to infections, iron deficiency anemia, malignancies. Erythropoietin (EPO) is the primary regulator of erythrocyte production and also affects thrombopoiesis and platelet function. The mechanism leading to thrombocytosis in cases of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains unclear. Hence, this study was undertaken to evaluate correlation between IDA with thrombocytosis and serum EPO levels. Materials & Methods: A total of 50 patients of all the age groups attending out-patient and inpatient departments of Basaveshwara Medical College Hospital and Research center, Chitradurga suspected of having microcytic hypochromic anemia on initial hematological investigations were included for study over a period from January 2016 to august 2016. Relevant investigations like peripheral smear study, serum iron studies and serum erythropoietin levels were subsequently performed. Results: Majority 52% (n=26) had anemia between 7-9.9 gm/dl of which 57.69% (n=15) cases had platelet count between 5-7 lakhs/cu.mm, 34.61% (n=9) cases had moderate thrombocytosis and 7.69% (n=2) cases had severe thrombocytosis. Out of 50 cases in the present study 76% (n=38) cases had significant increase in the levels of serum erythropoietin while 24% (n=12) cases had normal serum erythropoietin. Conclusion: From the present study, it may be concluded that erythropoietin would play a significant role in causing thrombocytosis in patients with iron deficiency anemia.

Appropriateness of the study of iron deficiency anemia prior to referral for small bowel evaluation at a tertiary center.

AIMTo evaluate the adequacy of the study of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in real life practice prior to referral to a gastroenterology department for small bowel evaluation.METHODSAll consecutive patients referred to a gastroenterology department for small bowel investigation due to iron deficiency anemia, between January 2013 and December 2015 were included. Both patients referred from general practitioners or directly from different hospital departments were selected. Relevant clinical information regarding prior anemia workup was retrospectively collected from medical records. An appropriate pre-referral study was considered the execution of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) investigation, colonoscopy with quality standards (recent, total and with adequate preparation) and celiac disease (CD) screening (through serologic testing and/or histopathological investigation).RESULTSA total of 77 patients (58.4% female, mean age 67.1 ± 16.7 years) were included. Most (53.2%) patients were referred from general practitioners, 41.6% from other hospital specialties and 5.2% directly from the emergency department. The mean pre-referral hemoglobin concentration was 8.8 ± 2.0 g/dL and the majority of anemias had microcytic (71.4%) and hypochromic (72.7%) characteristics. 77.9% of patients presented with an incomplete pre-referral study: EGD in 97.4%, with H. pylori investigation in 58.3%, colonoscopy with quality criteria in 63.6%, and CD screening in 24.7%. Patients with an appropriate study at the time of referral were younger (48.7 ± 17.7 vs 72.3 ± 12.3 years, P < 0.001). Small bowel evaluation was ultimately undertaken in 72.7% of patients, with a more frequent evaluation in patients with a quality colonoscopy at referral (78.6% vs 23.8%); P < 0.001 (OR = 11.7, 95%CI: 3.6-38.6). The most common diagnosis regarded as the likely cause of IDA was small bowel angioectasia (18.2%) but additional causes were also found in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts of near 20% of patients. Small bowel studies detected previously unknown non-small bowel findings in 7.7% of patients.CONCLUSIONThe study of anemia prior to referral to gastroenterology department is unsatisfactory. Only approximately a quarter of patients presented with an appropriate study.

Study of iron deficiency anemia in children with febrile seizures

Objective Our aim was to study the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children with febrile seizures (FS). Background FS are the most common type of seizures in children. The relationship between IDA and FS has been examined in several studies with conflicting results. Patients and methods This prospective, case–control study was conducted on 60 children aged 6 months to 5 years who attended the Outpatient Clinics and Emergency Department of Ashmoon Hospital and Menoufia University Hospitals during the period from December 2014 to June 2015. The children were categorized into two groups: case and control groups. The case group included 40 patients and the control group included 20 children. Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular Hb, mean corpuscular Hb concentration, serum iron, serum ferritin, total iron-binding capacity, and transferring saturation were assessed for the two groups. Results A total of 21 (52.5%) children in the case group had IDA compared with four (20%) in the control group, which was statistically significant (P Conclusion Based on the result of this study, iron deficiency could be an important risk factor for development of febrile convulsion. Evaluation of iron status is encouraged to be performed in children with FS.

A study of bone marrow iron storage in hematological disorder

Background: Study of marrow in iron deficiency anemia is very much essential, and it helps to decide whether iron therapy would be of any use or not. Where sophisticated instruments and facilities are not available for measuring iron in the blood by chemical method, this simple technique, is efficient, cost-effective, and result oriented. Aim: The aim was to study the marrow finding in various blood disorders. To establish the fact old is gold as bone marrow iron store by Prussian blue stain still has its stand in hematology in era of genetic engineering markers study and ferrokinetic study. Materials and Methods: Bone marrow aspiration was performed in 73 patients. Marrow films were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain, observed and then submitted for Prussian blue stain. Results: In a study of iron deficiency anemia 92.7% of cases received iron store grade in marrow in range of 0-1 (P = 0.001). In megaloblastic anemia, 70% of cases received in the range of 3-4 (P = 0.164), whereas all cases of dimorphic anemia received in the range of 2-3 (P = 0.000) when compared to the normal range of 1-2. Conclusion: Prussian blue stain is simple and helpful technique to see and measure body iron store semi-quantitatively. Furthermore, it helps to decide whether iron therapy would be useful or not.

Meeting the Iron Needs of Infants and Young Children

Meeting the Iron Needs of Infants and Young Children

Experimental iron deficiency in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus).

An animal model was developed in which the effect of iron deficiency on the oral mucosa could be studied. Iron deficiency was induced by feeding hamsters a low-iron powdered diet together with withdrawal of 0.5 ml of blood weekly, for a period of 9 weeks. At the end of this period the mean haematological values for control animals were, Hb 15.9 g/dl, plasma iron 40.3 mumol/l, TIBC 90.5 mumol/l and transferrin saturation 44.5%, compared with 7.4, 7.2, 111.4 and 6.5 respectively for experimental animals. These results were reproducible in successive groups of animals and indicate that this is a useful model for the study of iron deficiency anaemia.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN ADOLESCENCE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN ADOLESCENCE