Dialectological Studies Research Articles

ІНТЕРАКТИВНА КАРТА МІКРОТОПОНІМІВ СЕЛА ВЕЛИКІ ДІДУШИЧІ ЯК ЗАСІБ ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ І ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ОНІМІВ

In the proposed article the authors presents an interactive map of microtoponyms of the village of Velyki Didushychi, Stryi district, Lviv region, created in Google Maps application, which serves as a platform not only for displaying cartographic information, but also as a source of various linguistic information about microtoponyms. On the example of one settlement, the step-by-step process of creating a map is traced: searching in the «My Maps» section on Google Drive for a map of the village, naming, filling with information about the settlement in the «Description» section, putting the onym on the map, presenting various linguistic information about the microtoponym (features of local pronunciation, grammatical information, type of named object, type of structure, method of formation, semantics of the motivational stem, etc.). The authors emphasises the possibilities of using interactive maps for various research needs: division into semantic groups, selection of structural types, methods of creation, formation of areas of microtoponyms, which is demonstrated by examples. Attention is focused on the key definitions of the research (interactive map, microtoponym), supplementing the created interactive map with new names and extra-linguistic information (photos, videos, legends, stories), which broadens the perception of the name and contributes to the interest of a much larger number of people, as well as on the possibilities the use of such an information platform in the educational process of philological specialties during the study of dialectology, microtoponymy, linguistic and cultural studies (in particular in the of distant or mixed learning), in the compilation of local history guides, and in learning the history of one’s native village.

Одиниці виміру в «Матеріалах до словника подільського говору»: особливості номінації

The article is devoted to a little-researched thematic group of the vocabulary of the Ukrainian language - names of units of measurement. A detailed analysis of the history of the study of this vocabulary in Ukrainian studies allowed the author to state that the area of Ukrainian dialectological studies of this thematic group of vocabulary is quite narrow, even contrary to the heuristic value of this vocabulary. Therefore, the subject of the study were the names of the units of measurement in the Podolian dialect fixed in the "Materials for the Dictionary of the Podolian dialect" - 58 names extracted by the continuous sampling method. The work on compiling the Dictionary began in the 1950s, and therefore we assumed that it would contain names of units of measurement that are already archaic today. The analysis of the names of the units of measurement in the Podоlian dialects testified that the thematic vocabulary group under study presents a lexical-semantic microsystem that is extensive in number, rich in variability and ancient in origin. In the article the structural organization of attested names was modeled, it is established that the thematic vocabulary group "Names of units of measurement" is formed on the basis of 6 lexical-semantic groups: 1) names of units of measurement of area, 2) names of units of measurement of liquids, 3) names of units of measurement of length and distance , 4) names of units of measurement of weight, 5) names of units of measurement of bulk bodies, 6) names of units of measurement of grains. Each group was analyzed for the specifics of the nomination of the respective names, names with transparent and obscured motivation, borrowed names were established. According to the leading agricultural type of activity of the Podolians, the group of names of units of measurement of the area turned out to be the most numerous. Exactly in this group the largest number of borrowed names is attested. Among them there are many borrowings from German, Polish, Latin, Romanian, Turkic, etc. The activity of the principle of anthropocentrism in the nomination of measurement units was observed. It was found that the modern Podolian dialects still preserve the archaic names of units of measurement, which help to ostend the etymology of a number of lexemes of the corresponding thematic group in the Ukrainian literary language.

Tatar Dialectological School in Kazan University: Origins, formation and development

One of the well-developed scientific areas in Tatar linguistics is dialectology, its main task being the study of the living spoken language of indigenous peoples, that is, local dialects. It studies the phenomena of folk speech that are not included in the literary language, conducts the scientific analysis in this field and determines the territory of their usage.For several centuries, consistent and systematic research workhas been carried out in the area of Tatar people's spiritual culture, the history of various ethnic groups, the characteristics of their language, their way of life and customs. This work, devoted to studying live speech, to recording materials related to individual subdialects and dialects of the Tatar language, to collecting factual material and its scientific interpretation, began in the first half of the 18th century. The scientific study of Tatar dialectology at Kazan University has a history of more than two centuries, so a wealth of experience has been accumulated in this area; the tradition of studying Tatar dialects and subdialects at the university continues to this day, being one of the most relevant and sought-after scientific trends followed by the Department of Tatar Linguistics. For the first time providing its systematic study, this article describes the formation and development of the Kazan University Dialectological School, which is the main object of our research. This constitutes the scientific novelty and relevance of the article. The study of the history of this scientific school in an educational institution goes hand in hand with the study of the scientific research of the outstanding scholars, who made great contributions to Tatar dialectology, leaving rich scientific and methodological heritage.

Javanese Language Phonemic and Lexicon Variations in Pekalongan City: A Dialectological Study

Javanese Language Phonemic and Lexicon Variations in Pekalongan City: A Dialectological Study

SINTAKSA REČENICE U SRPSKOJ DIJALEKTOLOGIJI: ASPEKTI I REZULTATI DOSADAŠNJIH I PRAVCI BUDUĆIH ISTRAŽIVANJA

An overview of the existing research on sentence syntax in Serbian dialects is provided in the paper. Consulting available dialectological studies, the author summarizes conclusions and points out the frequently mentioned problem of the unexplored nature of this linguistic level. The review is organized according to the dialects in the paper, whereby studies and individual papers, along with their conclusions, are presented in chronological order. It has been shown that, apart from two doctoral dissertations addressing this issue, no comprehensive study has been published solely dedicated to the syntax of colloquial sentences. All information related to this question in scientific literature is found in the form of incidental remarks in relatively small sections of studies traditionally focused on examining prosodic, phonetic, or morphological aspects. The aim of the paper is thus to emphasize the necessity of this type of research so that the rich linguistic material that provides the opportunity to draw theoretically significant linguistic conclusions, will not remain undiscovered and unknown to the scientific community. By reviewing the available literature, we conclude that the least examined dialects of the Serbian language include the Smederevo-Vršac and Šumadija-Vojvodina dialects. The Kosovo-Raška and Zeta-Sjenica dialects, as well as the speech of the Priština-Timočka zone, have been somewhat more frequently studied by dialectologists, and there is more extensive material published about them. Finally, the most examined idiom includes the Herzegovina-Krajina dialect. The author’s conclusion in the paper is that the necessity of examining the syntactic linguistic level of Serbian dialects is evident. Serbian dialectology still awaits a monographic publication solely dedicated to presenting syntactic issues of Serbian speech.

«СЛОВНИК УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ» Д. І. ЯВОРНИЦЬКОГО – ДЖЕРЕЛО ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ДІАЛЕКТНОЇ ЛЕКСИКИ

Background. The article is devoted to the analysis of dialect lexicography and the possibility of using rare common language dictionaries as one of the sources of dialectological research. The goal is to describe the history of creation and characterize the source base and register of D. I. Yavornytskyi's "Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language". Methods. General scientific research methods are applied: analysis, synthesis, description and observation. Results. The stages of the formation of dialect lexicography are defined. Changes in the structure of the dictionary article, the involvement of illustrative material, and approaches to the presentation of the material were noted. The realities of the modern Russian-Ukrainian war actualize the need for the widest possible survey of Ukrainian dialects and the fixation of lexical materials in dictionaries of various types. The urgency of compiling a consolidated dialect dictionary, which will cover the vocabulary of all areas of daily life in the Ukrainian language, is emphasized. Special attention was paid to the publication of dictionaries of endangered dialects, particularly steppe speech. The history of the creation of D. I. Yavornytskyi's "Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language" is described; features of its arrangement; the source base is characterized; regions whose speech is reflected in the pages of the work. The structure of the dictionary article and its components (registry unit, remarks, explanatory part, illustrative material, source of citation or place of recording) are clarified. Different types of vocabulary of steppe sayings, which have become registry units of the dictionary, are singled out. Emphasis is placed on the possibility of using rare common language dictionaries in dialectological research. Сonclusions. The prospect of compiling a consolidated dictionary of Ukrainian dialects requires taking into account the widest possible range of sources of various types. It was determined that D. I. Yavornytskyi's "Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language" contains passportized and semanticized dialect materials, and therefore, it can be involved in comparative and descriptive dialectological studies.

METHODOLOGY OF THE LINGUOGRAPHY OF THE IDIOM LANGUAGE SYSTEM: SYNTHESIS OF INTERDISCIPLINARITY AND INTERPARADIGMALITY

The article is devoted to the study of the implementation of important properties of interdisciplinarity and interparadigmality in the methodology of linguography of the language system of a separate idiom. The methodological basis of the researched lingual as an integrative paradigm of the idiom is determined, and the description is qualified by the manifestation of interdisciplinary and multifunctionality in the multifaceted scientific analysis of the idiom discourse. Positioning the theoretical justification, methodological and technological expression of the analysis, it is proved that the linguography of the idiom system is a combination of scientific interdisciplinarity and linguistic interparadigmality The purpose of our research is an attempt to determine interdisciplinarity and interparadigmality in the methodology of linguography of the idiom system. The methodology of lingual description as a fragment of idiomological research has a linguistic system approach, different from dialectological studies, with the definition of the main methods of theoretical and experimental linguography, conceptual technologies of linguography, etc. The object of research is linguarium, that is, the language system of a separate speech (idiom). The subject of the study is the methodology of the linguistic description of speech in the plan of realizing interdisciplinarity and polyfunctionality in the verbalization of realities-representatives of the idiom discourse. The actual material of the research is the results of the methodological analysis of the lingual as a language system, in which the linguistic context is modeled on the basis of the ideas of polyparadigmality, polyapplicability, which is the integration of communicative, social, semantic, subjective, motivational, production and other contexts. The methodological concept of idiomological research is the language-systemic approach – the linguographic one, which is defined by us, based on the priority ideas of the new field of scientific knowledge, and in the lens of linguistic interpretation is the idiom as a phenomenon, in particular, its theoretical sphere. The object of linguistic methodology as an idiom description is the lingual of the idiom, and therefore the implementation of the research task reflects the macro process of the formation of a new linguistic paradigm. The methodology of description of monoidiomic lingual offers a wide interdisciplinary approach to the linguistic means of embodying the phenomenon of lingual and a multifaceted characterization of the elements of the idiom system. Methodologically justified linguistic completeness of an idiom represents a high level of proof of linguistic research. We see the perspective of the linguistic description of the idiom system in the integration of research methods, techniques, processes and procedures in an interdisciplinary plane.

Social factors in accent recognition: a large-scale study in perceptual dialectology

AbstractThis perceptual-dialectology study investigates how listener-related social factors impact the geographical recognition of regional accents. In contrast to much prior research on English, our focus is on Dutch, which lends itself well to our study, allowing for notable regional accents within a well-defined standard language. Using a map-based recognition task in which 1,578 listeners placed forty representative speakers on a map based on fragments of their speech, we investigated the regional biases in accent recognition and the extent to which each listener’s awareness of these depends on their familiarity and proximity. Education, geographical knowledge, and distance to listeners’ own regions significantly predicted their accent-recognition accuracy. Moreover, we found a curvilinear age effect, which we interpret in terms of age-related changes in geographical and social mobility. We show how these effects in our design lead to meaningful accent-recognition patterns in groups of listeners.

Plus ça Change. . . Perceptions of New Orleans English Before and After the Storm

In this paper, we present a focused perceptual dialectology study of variation in a single metropolitan area: New Orleans, Louisiana, long overlooked by linguists. We asked participants to complete a map-drawing activity using two maps, one of the city and its nearest suburbs, and one of the larger cultural zone. We also added the dimension of time by additionally asking participants to complete a map showing changes that have occurred since Hurricane Katrina in 2005, which we identified as a catalyst for an increase in the rate of demographic change in the city. The results show that, unlike similar participants in other studies, African American and white New Orleanians draw the same city but label it differently, suggesting they occupy the same space but live in different places. When considering change over time, participants highlighted differences in the ethnic makeup of the city. We conclude that ethnicity in New Orleans is a key—if not the key—driver of perception both of linguistic variation and of change. With this study we confirm the importance of working with local actors to understand the way language practices map onto speakers’ understandings of space and place and the ways they may influence variation and change. The findings we present here provide us with key questions that will strengthen the results of production studies currently underway, demonstrating the significance of such work as a corollary to production studies.

Variasi Dialek Bahasa Jawa Ngoko, Krama dan Krama Inggil di Daerah Oku Timur (Kajian Dialektologi)

This research is motivated by the diversity of language in a community group in the East Oku area which is dominated by the Javanese language. This research aims to describe the lexical differences of Javanese dialect variations and also describe and illustrate the mapping of Javanese dialect variations. The problems revealed in the research regarding the variation of Javanese dialect ngoko, krama, and krama inggil in the East Oku area (dialectological study). The source of informants of this research is the community or people who are elders in the village and understand the Javanese language Krama Ingil aswell as native Javanese people who migrated to Karang Binangun II Village. The research method is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques using interviews, recording, and simak libat cakap techniques. Data analysis was carried out using the intralingual pairing technique that connects lingual elements that refer to the meaning of the elements in the language. The results of the study can be concluded that dialectal variation is a diversity of languages that have relationships and differences in language use as well as the meaning caused. Phonological variation, experiencing changes in vowels /a/,/i/, /u/, /e/, /o/. Lexical variation is determined by the same meaning in different languages. Whilegrammatical variation is influenced by affixation, repetition, or fusion, in two regions that cause changes in meaning.

The Mechanisms of Rendering Lithuanian Proper Names in Belorussian-Lithuanian Chronicles

The article examines the strategies of rendering Lithuanian proper names in fifteen Belorussian-Lithuanian chronicles created in the 14th–18th centuries. Thirteen of them are written in the literary language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, based on East Slavic dialects, the other two are in Polish and Latin. The language of the chronicles was hardly influenced by Lithuanian, but each contains Lithuanian proper names, since the subject of the chronicles is the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Most of the proper names are pre-Christian Lithuanian two-stem personal names with some occurrence of toponyms, hydronyms and ethnonyms. The spelling of proper names can be explained by referring to the history of the Lithuanian language and dialectology. Scribes of Slavic origin typically replaced “foreign” Lithuanian sounds with approximate sounds of their native language. This allows the author to consistently trace the logic of rendering the Lithuanian vowels o and a, vocal diphthongs ai and au, mixed diphthongs an, al, and ir and several elements of the consonant system. Apart from that, the reflection of Lithuanian dialect features makes the Belorussian-Lithuanian chronicles a valuable source for the study of Lithuanian historical phonetics and dialectology. Even though in most cases the name rendering strategies reflect real phonetic phenomena, sometimes the form of a name is bound by tradition and the language of the translation source, which is supported by the fact that chronicles are written in both Cyrillic and Latin.

The Velar Nasal in thing and think : Evidence from Thomas Spence's (1775) Pronouncing Dictionary for the Eighteenth-Century English Phonology Database

ABSTRACT: The history of the velar nasal phoneme involves two stories: the emergence of /ŋ/ as an independent phoneme, as in thing /θiŋ/, and variation between velar and alveolar nasal pronunciations in the context of unstressed <-ing>, as in loving /'lΛviŋ/–/'lΛvin/. The latter has been the object of study in English (historical) phonology and dialectology (e.g., , , , ). The former, however, received little attention until the final decades of the eighteenth century, when Thomas Spence first coded the velar nasal with a separate notation system in The Grand Repository of the English Language (1775). Spence's is one of the eleven pronouncing dictionaries from which the Eighteenth-Century English Phonology Database ( ECEP ) draws its data. The current paper reports on the methodological steps adopted in order to compile a new consonant lexical set for the study of the velar nasal phoneme /ŋ/, labeled thing and further subdivided into two subsets to account for the combination of the nasal consonant spelled <n> and a voiced /g/ or voiceless velar plosive /k/ consonant ( thing and think ). The selection of example words is based on the inventory of dictionary entries in The Grand Repository , then contrasts Spence's entries with other pronouncing dictionaries in ECEP and narrows down the list according to diverse linguistic parameters such as word-position, stress, part of speech, and number of syllables. The compilation of the lexical set thing will thus facilitate research on the incidence and distribution of the velar nasal phoneme in the history of English. This in turn will add to the body of research underlining the value of evidence drawn from pronouncing dictionaries and will contribute to fostering the "phonological turn" that has been growing in historical linguistics over recent decades.

A szótagzáró lvariabilitása szlovákiai magyar nyelvjárási hangoskönyvek szövegeiben

With the help of the dialectological software Bihalbocs, regional dialect texts combined with sound were published under the title Hungarian Dialectal Talking Book. The collection, which has become a series, currently comprises 16 parts. The advantage of the software is that the texts are linked to the audio files, i.e. it synchronizes them to the millisecond. By clicking anywhere in the text, we can listen to the dialect data and any part of the text at any time, without having to look up the original file and search for the desired part. This technique was used to create the Slovakia Hungarian Dialectal Talking Book I-III. which publishes dialect texts from the 3 main areas of Hungarian dialect regions extending into Slovakia (the Central Transdanubian – Little Hungarian Plain dialect, the Palóc dialect and the Northeastern dialect). The paper firstly recounts the design and creation of this multimedia database, followed by a brief description of certain parts as well as the structure of the audiobooks. The next part of the study discusses the mapping possibilities based on the quantitative analysis of the audiobooks. Such computational dialectological studies tend to employ two different methods: firstly, using the automated search function without any prior grouping by the researchers, and secondly, using the search function once the data is annotated. Computational methods not only reduce the amount of effort required but also provide plenty of opportunities for more granulated dialectological analyses. The quantitative methods applied concentrate on the distribution of certain phenomena affecting the system, prevalence, and realization of phonemes. The paper describes the regional characteristics for each of these phenomena based on data from the audiobooks. The study analyzes the presence, omission, and reduction of syllable-final l in 34 dialect texts at 27 research points, depending on the phonological situation and the duration of the vowel before l. This paper presents the maps created with the Bihalbocs program to illustrate the regional variability of syllable-final l based on the analyzed regional Hungarian dialect texts in Slovakia.

Відображення мовного та культурного буття поліщуків крізь призму діалектного тексту

The article summarizes the views of scientists on the heuristic value of dialect texts as a reliable source for dialectological studies in view of their systematic presentation of speech features at different language levels; first of all the importance of samples of colloquial speech is noted, for the study of linguistic features of the areas of the Ukrainian dialect continuum. At the same time, attention is focused on the importance of dialect texts for research in the area of other humanities, for studying the mentality of native speakers, their material and spiritual culture. The linguistic existence of polishchuks Based on the material of dialect texts published in the publication "Unity in Diversity. Polishchuks" (2018), recorded by the author for dozens of years in the Central Polish dialects of the Zhytomyr region, collected in the studied area by students of philological specialties during dialectological practice in recent years, is analyzed. The exsistenee which is reflected primarily in the perception and awareness of oneself as a representative of a separate dialect , which differs from the inhabitants of other nearby settlements on the actual linguistic level, as well as in the preservation of a number of dialectal phonetic features in the area of vocalism and consonantism in the studied territory and expressive speech morphological features that confirm the archaic nature of the specified area. The representatives of the cultural life of the polishchuks are texts about their material culture, in particular about everyday life, crafts, farming, cultivation of agricultural crops, harvesting, etc. The spiritual culture of the inhabitants of the Middle Polissya is reflected in the texts about the rituals of the polishchuks, primarily about the wedding ceremony, in the records of beliefs, traditions, customs, which testify to durability in time and preservation in the present, at the same time undergoing dynamics caused mainly by extralingual factors.

НАУКОВА БІОГРАФІЯ ВОЛОДИМИРА ГОШОВСЬКОГО: ДО 100-ЛІТТЯ ВІД ДНЯ НАРОДЖЕННЯ

The article deals with the scientific biography of V. Hoshovskyi, mostly con- cerning the 50-year period of his creative life, spanning the years of 1946–1996. The circumstances of his life are discussed, which influenced the upbringing and profes- sional background, among other. his manners and lifestyle, studies in gymnasium and University, the vast scientific educational background and erudition. The utmost importance is given to ethnography studies, musical dialectology and Slavic studies. The biography outline of V. Hoshovskyi spans several distinctive periods. First – Trans-Carpathian (1946–1960), concerned which ethnography, musical aesthetics, regional studies and elaboration of the principles of ethnomusicology, including the music dialectological studies. Second – Lviv period (1961–1974), which pinnacled his elaborate studies in music dialectology and comparative Slavic studies. The important part of this period is the formation in his scientific studies the basics of cybernetic ethnomusicology. The third period spans 1975–1996, which can be subdivided into two sub peri- ods: the Armenian one (1975–1986), which is specifically concerned with elaboration of cybernetic ethnomusicology, and the Lviv one, which spans the last decade in life of the musicologist – 1986–1996 and is concerned with further elaborations in cy- bernetic ethnomusicology, as well as public relations and musicology courses by V. Hoshovskyi. We can stress that V. Hoshovskyi were not only the promoter of up to-the-mo- ment tendencies of European musicology, but also the elaborator and promoter of some innovative studies. The scientific studies of V. Hoshovsky has became the notable contribution in all-Ukrainian and European musical culture. Keywords: Volodymyr Hoshovskyi, ethnography, ethnomusicology, music dia- lectology, Slavic studies, cybernetic ethnomusicology.

Scouse Dialect in English and Tabulahan Dialect in Mamuju Language: A Dialectology Study

This research aims to look at language variations that occur phonologically and lexically in the Scouse dialect or Liverpool English in English and Tabulahan dialect in Mamuju language. Sources of the data for the Tabulahan dialect and Mamuju language were obtained directly from the informants as native speakers of the Tabulahan and Mamuju languages. Meanwhile, the Scouse dialect and English data as a comparison were obtained from previous research conducted by Honeybone (2007) and Baranova (2015). The writer used a qualitative method through a dialectological approach and contrastive analysis. The results of this study show that there are similarities and differences. Phonologically, similarities occur in the features of Vocal Change and Lenition. The difference occurs in the features of the TH-stopping and the category of Rhotic and non-Rhotic which the Tabulahan Dialect does not have this feature but is found in the Scouse Dialect in English. Lexically, both dialects have variations in word classes such as nouns, verbs, adverbs, and adjectives. While the differences occur in other word class variations such as pronouns, prepositions, determinants, conjunctions, numbers and question words which are only found in the Tabuhanan dialect.

The Differences of Pati and Kudus Dialect: Dialectological Studies

Dialectology is the study of dialects or the study of language variations. Kudus and Pati are two neighbouring towns. Even though the towns are close, there are many different dialects between the two. The objectives of this study are to find out the characteristics and the differences between Pati and Kudus dialect. The research design is descriptive qualitative method and the data collection method to get the data are simak, interview and introspective methods. The results of this study show that there are some differences in both dialects. The dialect variations which occurs in both observation areas are phonological differences which consist of the process of vowel and consonant change, morphological differences with the affixation differences, syntax differences for affirmation, and lexical differences in which the different words have the same meaning. The research gives contribution to the development of local language, especially Javanese related to the Javanese teaching at school, so that it will make the teaching and learning process getting easier in Kudus and Pati. Meanwhile for practical contribution, it completes Javanese standard and Javanese dictionary.

НОВИ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИ И ДИАЛЕКТОЛОЖКИ ИЗСЛЕДВАНИЯ НА БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК / NEW HISTORICAL AND DIALECTAL STUDIES OF BULGARIAN

The first three papers featured in Issue 4/2021 of Balgarski ezik present results of the work on a project titled Everyday Life in the Middle Ages according to Lexical Data from Bulgarian and Romanian – a bilateral effort between the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the Romanian Academy. Mariyana Tsibranska-Kostova’s paper Magic and its Faces (the 61st Canon of Trullo in Slavic Translations) proposes an analysis of several representatives of the lexical-semantic group of performers of magical practices according to three translations of the canon. The author discusses the word-formation structure of the lexical group as well as the semantic adaptation of Greek names for unknown realia. The text of the 61st Canon of Trullo is published as an appendix. Elka Mircheva provides a discussion on the topic of Bad Thoughts are Worse than Illness (to the Analysis of Medieval Texts) by analysing examples of illness in Pope Gregory the Great’s Dialogues which have been interpreted by earlier studies as cases of psychological conditions. The author’s analysis points to the fact that some of these occurrences are evidence of the influence of bad thoughts resulting in unacceptable reprehen-sible behaviour. Vanya Micheva’s paper Names for Living Places in the Bulgarian Language Picture of the World in the Middle Ages deals with the linguistic and semantic realisations of the concept of living places in the Old Bulgarian classical and original works from the 9th – 11th centuries and in the works of Patriarch Euthymius. The author traces the process of enrichment of the names for living places and the changes in the conceptual content of the studied lexemes. Tatyana Braga’s paper A Little-known Damaskin from the Karlovo-Adzhar School of Calligraphy and Art: Odessa Damascus № 36 (62) – Palaeography, Codicology, Dating offers a meticulous palaeographic and codicological description of a Bulgarian written monument, the Odessa Damaskin № 36 (62) from the manuscript collection of V.I. Grigorovich. Nadka Nikolova’s paper Общ язик с виражение народно. The Language Norms in the Translation of A. Granitski’s За Тръговско писмописанїе (On Commercial Letter Writing), 1858 presents the results of a study on Anastas Granitski’s contribution to the establishment of the structural basis and spelling and language norms of the Bulgarian literary language of the Revival period. On the basis of her observations on adjectives, numerals, pronouns and verbs, the author comes to the conclusion that the text reveals significant convergence of written and spoken language. Maria Mitskova addresses some Issues in the Verb Morphology of Bulgarian Dialects in the Studies of Three European Slavicists from the First Half of the 19th Century – Vuk Karadžić, Victor Grigorovich, Stefan Verković. The paper emphasises the contribution of the first Slavicists whose work marks the origination of the scientific interest in one of the most characteristic features of Bulgarian verbs. Elena Kanevska-Nikolova and Simeon Marinov present a study on the Names for Women’s Outerwear in the Rhodope Folk Clothing based on ma-terial excerpted from various ethnographic, regional historical and dialectological studies. The authors examine ambiguous and synonymous terms, main word-formation patterns, as well as the etymology of some of the names under study. They go on to analyse the terminological unity of many names for women’s outerwear characteristic of both confessional groups to which the Bulgarian population in the Rhodopes belong. Georgi Mitrinov’s paper Is there a Pomak Dialect in Bulgaria? is a critical look at a study by Emel Balakchi dealing with the Bulgarian Rhodope dialects. The author addresses Balakchi’s attempt at presenting the Rhodope dialects as Pomak dialects, while ignoring the presence of a native Bulgarian Christian population in the Rhodopes. Using numerous examples, Georgi Mitrinov reveals the study’s lack of scientific competence and objectivity in presenting the characteristic features of the Bulgarian Rhodope dialects. The issue concludes with a paper that remains outside its thematic scope. Stative Predicates in Contemporary Linguistic Theories by Svetlozara Leseva, Hristina Kukova and Ivelina Stoyanova offers a critical overview of the thematic classes of stative verbs based on a contrastive study of several thematic classifications. The authors analyse the different views of the properties of stative predicates from an aspectual and semantic perspective.

MALAY DIALECT VARIANTS IN LANGKAWI: A DIACHRONIC PERSPECTIVE ANALYSIS

Background and Purpose: Dialectical studies scrutinised the closeness, kinship or genealogy of dialects derived from a language. Previous scholars divide Malay dialects in Peninsular Malaysia into four main clusters. The first cluster are the Johor-Melaka-Selangor and Central Perak. The second cluster is a group that spreads from the Patani region covering the Patani-Kelantan-Terengganu dialect. The third is the Negeri Sembilan cluster, and the fourth is the Kedah dialect. Generally, the Kedah dialect is divided into seven groups, covering Kedah (including Langkawi), Perlis, Penang and northern Perak Taiping. This study aims to investigate the Malay dialect variants in Langkawi Island via the Historical Linguistics approach and qualitative comparison research design.
 
 Methodology: This study utilised the qualitative research method. A total of 23 native speakers of Langkawi Malay dialect participated in this study. These informants were selected using NORM (an acronym for non-mobile, older, rural and males). Data collection mainly used several techniques such as interviews, recordings, and observations. The data were analysed based on the scope of comparative linguistics.
 
 Findings: The findings show that there are five characteristics of separated innovation between the Kuah and Air Hangat variants in one group and the Kedawang variant in other groups. Furthermore, there are nine innovations that separate the Langkawi Malay dialect from the Proto Malayik language. This study indicates that the Kedawang variant is an earlier variant apart from the Kuah and Air Hangat variants.
 
 Contributions: In addition to further strengthen the research on the various dialects spoken in Malaysia, this study attempts to highlight the complete description of the Kedah dialect varieties. This study also contributes to the science of Malay language variants and Malay Dialectology studies.
 
 Keywords: Historical linguistics, reconstruction, innovation, Langkawi Island, Malay dialect.
 
 Cite as: Ab. Hamid, N., Shahidi, A. H., Aman, R., Ramli, N., Zakaria, Z., & Iswary, E. (2022). Malay dialect variants in Langkawi: A diachronic perspective analysis. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(1), 142-167. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss1pp142-167

Диалектные названия посуды башкирского языка, восходящие к алтайской эпохе

This article discusses the Altai layer of names of dishes in the etymological aspect. The established volume of the article does not allow to analyze all the names of household vessels of 47М.Р. Валиева Turkic Studies Journal 2 (2022) 35-47the Bashkir language dating back to the Altaic era, therefore, polysemantic lexemes were chosen – ыҙыс/ыҙас ‘dishes’, күнәк ‘milk pail; bucket’, ҡупы ‘small bowl; bowl’, ҡap ‘bag, sack (matting); box, container, receptacle, case; cup, vessel; pod, shell, coating, rind, skin, scales (of reptiles); placenta’ and other cognates that refer to this ancient lexical stratum of the Turkic languages. Comparative historical studies, lexico-semantic, semantic-structural and etymological analyzes of the names of containers make it possible to discover ancient roots and foundations dating back to the reconstructed Altai forms, which are contained in the well-known dictionary of S.A. Starostin, A.V. Dybo, O.A. Mudrak «An Etymological Dictionary of Altaic Languages». Structurally, many household terms consist of monosyllabic and disyllabic roots. The Bashkir layer itself was formed on the basis of the ancient Turkic vocabulary, phonetic transitions, changes and derivational potential of the Bashkir language. Research on the original forms and etymons of modern names of dishes ыҙыс/ыҙас, күнәк, ҡупы, ҡапmade it possible to establish a chronological connection between the ancient Turkic, Proto-Turkic, Altai forms: ыҙыс < *ïðïš < *ēdiĺ ‘ware’; kүnәk < *kȫjnek ‘bucket, vessel’ < *k ̔ōńi – ‘ladle’; ҡap // ҡab(ы) // ҡуп(ы) < *qav, *kab and the Proto-Altaic form *k ̔àp ̔à in the meanings ‘box, package, chest, bag, vessel, dugout hollow tree, dugout boat’.Also the article pays special attention to the description of various areal and dialect semantics, everyday functions and forms of vessel names, which are recorded and stored in the card stock of the Linguistics Department of the Order of the Badge of Honor of the Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and are also presented in the consolidated «Dialectological Dictionary of the Bashkir Language» (see lit.). In addition, various dictionaries of the Turkic, Mongolian and Finno-Ugric languages, various dialectological studies, reports, scientific works on ethnography, folklore and multi-volume books of Bashkir folk art were used as comparative material.