2nd-year Students Research Articles

Knowledge, Attitudes of Preclinical Medical and Dental Students in Mymensingh towards “COVID-19”: A Cross-sectional Study

In 2020, a new global pandemic Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged, which was caused by a new strain of coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus (SARS-COV-2). This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19 among preclinical medical and dental students of Community Based Medical College (CBMC,B) in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Data were collected in September 2020. The online questionnaire was created using Google Forms after reviewing previously conducted research and posted on several online platforms accessible by the students. Most of the students (93%) were medical students, and the rest 7% were studying Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS). The mean COVID-19 knowledge score was 9.04 (SD: 2.107, Range: 0-12), suggesting an overall 75.33% correct rate. The results showed that knowledge scores are higher in male, MBBS students but the difference are not significant. Analyses showed that the knowledge scores of 1st-year participants were significantly higher than 2nd-year students. Increased knowledge score was noticed in those who were not in direct contact with COVID-19 patients and not infected by COVID-19 than others, though the difference was insignificant (P>0.05). Half of the participants (50.2%) agreed that this disease will finally be successfully controlled. One hundred and sixty-seven participants (65%) had confidence that Bangladesh would get a vaccine soon to prevent the COVID-19 virus. The overall knowledge level of students was generally good. As the global threat of COVID-19 continues to emerge, improvement of knowledge and perceptions among healthcare students is essential.
 CBMJ 2023 January: Vol. 12 No. 01 P: 53-59

Projecting a Person-Oriented Content of Special Disciplines in the Process of Preparing a Physical Education Teacher

This article presents the research results of an experiment to test the effectiveness of the person-oriented approach in teaching special subjects in the process of preparing physical education teachers. This experiment was conducted on 60 students at the Urgench State University who study at the Physical Culture faculty. The subjects of the experiment were chosen in the following order: 20 students from 1st-year students, 20 students from 2nd-year students, and 20 students from 3rd-year students. The experimental and control groups contained 30 students each. After the application of the person-oriented approach, the results showed that the students in the experimental group showed a visible decrease in their negative problems in the education system.

Lecture-based performance augmentation via game-based application ‘Kahoot!’ in Physical Education: a 5-week experimental study

Background and Study Aim. Various published papers have already established the effectiveness of Kahoot! in bolstering students' academic performance through various games. However, there were few to no studies were conducted regarding its effectiveness in learning lecture-based concepts in Physical Education, most especially in the Higher Education setting. In this regard, this present study is aimed to assess the effectiveness of the said application via the Experimental approach.
 Material and Methods. The respondents for the study are selected 2nd-year students from one section pursuing a Bachelor of Physical Education degree at City College of Angeles (Philippines). Participants were chosen via the Purposive Sampling Technique. 40 item test question covering the topics in Physical Education was formulated. The test question was used at the stage before the test and after the test. Furthermore, a questionnaire was used to assess students’ perception concerning the attribute of Kahoot! The entire experiment lasted for 5-weeks. The experiment was conducted two weeks after the start of the 2nd semester (academic year 2021-2022). Descriptive analyses (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) were used to describe the perception of students based on the application’s attributes. Paired t-test was utilized in order to assess the significant difference in the performance of students based on their pre-test and post-test scores.
 Results. Based on the findings, students perceive all the attributes of the application to be ‘very high’ in terms of its accessibility (4.84 ± .22), enhancement factor (4.71 ± .27), motivational factor (4.65 ± .35), and objectives (4.78 ± .33). After the paired t-test analysis, a significant difference was observed between the scores of the students. The findings uncovered that students’ post-test scores are significantly higher (32.44) compared to pre-test scores (19.56) with a mean difference of 12.88 (p = .001).
 Conclusions. Kahoot! is an effective pedagogical tool to be used for teaching and learning lecture-based concepts in Physical education. Recommendations for teachers and future research directions were also presented as a result of this investigation.

A cross-sectional study on awareness of eye donation in medical students

Background: Corneal diseases cause visual impairment and blindness and account for approximately 70–80 lakhs cases of blindness in the world. Treatment for restoring vision in patients with corneal blindness is done with corneal transplantation, which requires corneal donation. At present, in India, the collection of donor’s eyes amounts to around 22,000 eyes each year, which is far less important in terms of need. Therefore, collecting the eyes of donors is of prime importance in any organized effort to reduce corneal blindness. Aims and Objectives: We designed this study to assess the awareness, knowledge, and attitude of 1st- and 2nd-year MBBS students toward eye donation. Materials and Methods: Questionnaires were given to the 1st- and 2nd-year MBBS students and statistical analyses were carried out for checking of knowledge and awareness of the students about eye donation. One hundred and forty-five students from 1st-year MBBS and 145 students from 2nd-year MBBS participated in the study. Ethical permission was obtained before conducting the study. Results: Of the total 290 students, 285 (98.28%) had awareness about eye donation. One hundred and ten (75.8%) 1st-year students and 126 (86.9%) 2nd-year students were aware that eye donation should be made within the first 6 h after death. Conclusion: Although the awareness of eye donation is good in medical students, the number of students pledged is very low. To make the dream of converting the awareness into pledging and procurement of eyes, knowledge about eye donation is highly required. Researchers had worked on multiple strategies to raise awareness for eye donations and corneal transplantation, it is perceived that some innovative strategies must be tried and there is a need for the incorporation of more information into the medical curriculum.

Assessing and contrasting the knowledge, attitude, and practices related to dietary supplements and micronutrients in medical students and interns of a tertiary care hospital

Background: In recent times, dietary supplements have started playing a very critical role in overcoming the micronutrient deficiencies in a person. The health and well-being of medical practitioners itself are also important for them to efficiently carry out their practice. Moreover, their knowledge, attitude and practices influence their prescribing and treating tendencies. This study will demonstrate how the science of dietary supplements has advanced in relation to a number of nutrients, such as Vitamin A, iron, calcium, and folic acid. The health-care practitioners knowledge, attitude, and practices influence their prescribing and treating tendencies. Aims and Objectives: This study is done to assess and contrast the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to Dietary Supplements and Micronutrients in Medical Students and Interns of a Tertiary Care Hospital. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study conducted at a ESIC Medical College, KK Nagar, Chennai, which included 2nd year students and interns. A questionnaire containing questions that test theoretical knowledge of micronutrients, and assesses personal supplementation habits was prepared. All students within the sample were mailed the questionnaire and consent was sought electronically. Those not willing to give consent were excluded from the study. The responses of the questionnaire were linked to an Excel sheet and analyzed using Microsoft Access. During this process, utmost confidentiality of the information was maintained. Results: A total of 140 participants responded, with 82 of them undergoing phase 2 medical training and 58 of them undergoing internship. On the dietary front, 12.2% of 2nd year students as compared to 15.5% of CRMI students were vegetarian. About 34.1% of 2nd year students and 41.4% of CRMIs consumed nutrient supplements. About 14.7% of 2nd years and 10.3% of CRMIs consumed supplements daily. About 67.8% of 2nd year students and 54.1% of interns consumed dietary supplements after medical advice. Concerningly, 15.5% of all medical interns and 9.8% of all 2nd-year students self-prescribed health supplements. Most interns (54.1%) who consumed supplements did so to maintain adequate nutrition. Concerningly 42.8% of 2nd year students and 33.3% of interns consumed supplements to maintain good health. Vitamins either singly, or as multivitamin tablets were the most consumed supplements amongst both sections of the study group. Concerningly 48.8% of 2nd year students and 58.6% of interns felt that supplements are generally harmless; and around a third of both groups felt that health personnel should promote supplement use. Conclusion: Knowledge regarding micronutrient usage among medical students is good; however, there is scope for improvement, particularly in the area of micronutrient-related prevalent diseases. Both 2nd year students and CRMIs consumed nutrient supplements in lesser quantity and frequency than other health science student groups; and more than half of them did so after medical advice. Good health and nutrition were the main reasons for supplement consumption. Students and interns were quite favorable toward patient consumption of nutrient supplements. The teaching-learning process needs to address this.

Assessment: Student’s perspectives: A cross-sectional and questionnaire-based study

Background: Assessment is the most important factor which affect student’s learning behavior. It has been seen that the things which are not assessed have not been read by the students usually. Mainly two types of assessments are there: (1) Summative assessment, which is taken to assign grades to the students and (2) formative assessment, it is considered more important than summative assessment, because feedback to the learner is given after this. Moreover, it is the feedback which stimulates further improvement in learners. Now-a-days the students do not take assessments seriously because their unclear perception regarding the same. Hence, the present questionnaire-based study has been conducted on 2nd-year undergraduate students for obtaining their views regarding assessment and depending on their answers, they will be guided to utilize it in constructive way for their betterment. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the student’s perspectives toward assessment. Materials and Methods: This questionnaire-based and cross sectional study has been conducted on 100 2nd-year undergraduate students after taking informed consent from them. Questionnaire in Google forms has been sent to their emails after explaining the purpose of the study. Results obtained have been analyzed and presented in counts and percentages. The Institutional Ethics Committee approval has been taken before commencement of the study. Results: Students were aware about different assessments, but the purpose of the same was not clear to them. Around 63 (74.1%) students were in favor of frequent assessment, that is, they want assessment in every 1–3 months interval. The types of questions for examinations, most of them preferred multiple choice questions and short answer type of questions. Conclusion: The attitude of most of the students toward assessment system was found positive but they need guidance regarding proper use of it. There is immense need to put more effort to aware the students toward this.

Comparative study of the performance of second MBBS students – old curriculum versus new curriculum – in pharmacology subject in their internal examination

Background: Competency-based medical education (CBME) has been introduced by the national medical council for all the undergraduate medical students in all the medical colleges throughout India. This study aims at comparing the performance of second MBBS students in their internal assessment belonging to two consecutive batches with old curriculum (2018–2019 batch) comprising of 146 students and new curriculum (2019–2020 batch) comprising of 142 students. The impact of new MBBS curriculum on 2nd-year MBBS students in pharmacology subject was also assessed in this study. Aim and Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the performance of the students in their internal assessment in two consecutive batches with old (2018–2019 batch) and new curriculum (2019–2020 batch). A questionnaire-based survey was done among (2019–2020) batch second MBBS students to find out the impact of new MBBS curriculum on second MBBS students in pharmacology subject. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, record-based, and comparative study done in the Department of Pharmacology, at Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, during September 2022–November 2022. The internal assessment marks were collected by retrieving the records of students and a questionnaire to assess the impact of new second MBBS curriculum on 2nd-year MBBS students in pharmacology subject was circulated among 142 students belonging to (2019–2020 batch) following the new curriculum. Out of 142 students, 111 students responded to this questionnaire. Results: The mean marks obtained by old curriculum (2018–2019 batch) in theory were 66.7 and in practical were 72.2, whereas the mean marks obtained by new curriculum (2019–2020 batch) in theory were 68.4 and in practical were 74.1. Nearly 60 (54.1%) students disliked and 51 (45.9%) students liked the shortening of second MBBS duration. Ninety-four (84.7%) students liked and 18 (16.2%) disliked skills laboratory and computer aided learning into the new curriculum, 52 (46.8%) students liked small group discussion, tutorials, seminars, and self-directed learning, whereas 61 (55%) students disliked them. Questions based on clinical problems and attitude, ethics, and communication were liked by 94 (84.7%) students and disliked by 17 (5.3%) students. Thirty-one (27.9%) students liked and 81 (73%) students disliked the new curriculum question paper. Seventy-six (68.5%) students liked and 36 (32.4%) students did not like the increase in duration of pharmacology question paper. Seventy-eight (70.3%) students preferred new curriculum, whereas 38 (34.2%) students preferred old curriculum. Conclusion: This study revealed relatively better performance of (2019–2020 batch), that is, new curriculum batch students in their internal assessment compared to (2018–2019 batch), that is, new curriculum batch students. To improve the performance of students in their internal as well as final summative examinations, there is a need to emphasize on assessment of attitude, communication skills, ethics, and faculty development program.

Team-based Learning Impact: A Comparative Study of Student and Faculty Facilitators.

Team-based learning (TBL) refers to the application of an active-learning method that has gained popularity across all health-care disciplines. This study aimed to assess nutrition students' perceptions of the roles of student versus faculty facilitators. Participants in the study included, 117 2nd-year nutrition students registered in the "Introduction to Medicine" course in the 2022 academic year at a Japanese university. The first TBL session was faculty-led, whereas three students served as facilitators in the second. Upon completion of the course, learners and student facilitators completed a questionnaire on the student-led TBL. Responses to close-ended questions were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and those to open-ended questions were categorized into common themes. A total of 114 learners and 3 student facilitators responded to the questions. Learners found student-led TBL to be just as or more effective than faculty-led TBL in three respects: comprehension (93.0%), active participation (96.5%), and expectation of academic performance improvement (93.9%). According to student facilitators, it improved their knowledge, confidence, communication skills, and leadership abilities. Learners and facilitators indicated that student-led TBL was significantly more effective than faculty-led TBL. Thus, student-led TBL can enhance the ability of all students at different academic levels. Student-led TBL appears to be an effective learning strategy in higher education and further shifts toward student-centered learning in the course curriculum.

Student’s perception on teaching and learning methods in pharmacology and changes recommended

Background: Understanding the changing trends in medical education technology helps to improve the teaching learning methods for medical graduates which can further help to improve the quality of health-care system. Apart from the conventional methods, several new methods of teaching are being introduced according to the changing medical curriculum. Most of these techniques are well accepted by the medical students. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to collect feedback from the students to understand their perception on teaching and learning methods in the subject of pharmacology. Materials and Methods: This observational, cross-sectional, and questionnaire-based study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology at Government Medical College, Thrissur, during the period 2017–2018. Pre-validated questionnaire was distributed among 2nd-year MBBS students, attending pharmacology classes and responses were collected and analyzed using a 5-point Likert scale. Results: Major responses from students perspective regarding teaching and learning methods in Pharmacology subject were that learning pharmacology is very important before going to clinics (96.5%), brief description about the clinical scenario is essential before discussing about the drugs (95.5%), knowledge of pharmacy and drug dispensing methods are necessary for patient care (94.5%). Pharmacology should be taught along with clinical subjects (93%) and also problem-based learning and prescriptions are extremely useful in clinics (90.5%). Conclusion: Regular and systematic feedback from the learners side can significantly improve the quality of medical education and health-care system. Clinically oriented teaching methods can impart more interest in studying Pharmacology.

Perception of 2nd-year MBBS students for new competency-based curriculum of the Indian medical graduate program

Background: Medical education in India has undergone significant shift recently with the implementation of competency-based medical education (CBME) in August 2019. The results of this study can be a valuable input to the National Medical Commission for curriculum development. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study was to understand the level of awareness of CBME among students, know their satisfaction with the new learning methods, and get their suggestions. Materials and Methods: A pre-validated questionnaire with ten yes/no questions, eight 5-point Likert scale questions, and seven open-ended questions was used to capture students’ perspectives on CBME. Results: Overall, the students had a positive response. The study also highlights some areas of concern, such as the lack of early clinical exposure experienced by some students and the relatively low participation in reflective writing. Many students considered logbook as a burden as they could not understand its aim. Management of supplementary batches requires reconsiderations. There are differences in opinion about the optimal duration of the phases of MBBS course. Conclusion: Students find the curriculum helpful in their learning and development. The findings suggest that the new curriculum is on the right track, but that there are some areas that need to be improved.

A cross-sectional study on COVID-19-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices among undergraduate medical students in an Indian setting

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory disease that emerged with viral pneumonia-like symptoms in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As the main strategies for dealing with COVID are prevention of transmission rather than medical intervention, the role of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the population and medical faculty are of paramount importance in reducing risk and mortality due to COVID-19, especially in Indian setting where population density is very high. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices among undergraduate medical students regarding COVID-19 in a South Indian teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based study was conducted among 150 2nd-year undergraduate students from Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore, from January 2022 to March 2022. A validated questionnaire consisting of 23 questions divided under 3 sections, knowledge, attitude, and practice, was used. Statistical analysis of data was done using MS-Excel spreadsheet. Results: 98.6% of the respondents had good knowledge regarding COVID-19. With respect to attitude, majority of the students (92%) felt that the COVID pandemic will come under control eventually and 20.7% wanted it to remain private if someone in their family were to get infected with COVID. With regard to their practices, 71.3% changed their daily routines in response to the pandemic. Conclusion: The study shows good knowledge and practices among medical students but lacks in certain social aspects regarding attitude toward COVID-19 such as keeping COVID-19 infections in the family private, which shows scope for improvement.

Effectiveness of Video-assisted Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Breast Self-examination among BSc Nursing 2ndYear Students of MMINSR, SKIMS, Soura

Background: The goal of breast self-examinationfor women is to notice changes in the breast thatshould be broughttothe attentionof physiciansforfurtherevaluation. Theseincludebreast lumps, changes in breast shape, size, or contour, and colour of breast and nipple. Objectives: To assess the pre-test and post-test knowledge level regarding breast self-examination among BSc Nursing 2ndyear students of MMINSR, SKIMS, Soura, to compare pre-test and post-test knowledge scores regardingbreast self-examination among BSc Nursing 2ndyear students of MMINSR, SKIMS, Soura,and to determine the association of pre-test knowledge scores regarding breast self-examination among BSc Nursing 2ndyear students with selected demographical variables. Methodology: Pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design was used. The setting chosen for the present study was MMINSR, SKIMS, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir. The current study included 50 BSc Nursing 2ndyear students selectedby purposive sampling technique. A self-structured questionnaire was used. Results: The pre-test showed that 62% of participants had moderate knowledge, 38% had inadequate knowledge, and none of the subjectshad adequate knowledge. The post-test revealed that 86% had adequate knowledge, 14% had moderate knowledge, and none of the study subjects had inadequate knowledge. Conclusion:Pre-test findings concluded that the studysubjectshadmoderateknowledgeregarding breast self-examination. So, there was a need to make them aware by educating them regarding breast self-examination.

Использование метода круговой тренировки для развития силовых способностей студентов РГАУ – МСХА на занятиях базовой физической культурой

The article discusses methodological recommendations and general principles of conducting classes on basic physical culture at the university using the method of circular training. The authors set a goal: to study the influence of the circular training method on the development of strength abilities of the muscles of the upper shoulder girdle and lower extremities in female students. To achieve the goal, the following methods were used: analysis of educational and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical testing. It was assumed that the use of circular training using moderate weights without changing the weight of the projectiles, but increasing the number of series-circles, would lead to an increase in the strength indicators of the subjects. The study took place over three months. During this period of time, 2nd-year students of the Faculty of Economics of the K. A. Timiryazev Academy were undergoing a training program in the discipline basic physical culture according to the system of circular training proposed by us, focused on the development of strength abilities. According to the results of the study, all the subjects were able to significantly increase the number of repetitions in strength tests: push-ups from the prone position and squats with a barbell weighing 35 kg. Thus, we have come to the following conclusions: 1) the use of the circular training method in basic physical education classes is effective for the development of students' strength abilities; 2) circular training with fixed weights is successfully applied not only to develop the quality of endurance, but also the actual strength abilities of the muscles of the shoulder girdle and lower extremities.

Correlation Between Professional Identity and Life Orientations Among Students of Creative Fields of Study

What makes the study relevant is the need to make distinctions between approaches to students of creative areas of study. The article provides the results of an empirical study, which determines the status of professional identity among students of creative fields of study and identifies its correlation with life orientations. The authors define the phenomena of professional identity and life orientations in the psychological science; as well as analyze different positions in the psychological science on the age aspect of students and its correspondence with the stages of professional identity. The study was conducted among students of creative directions of the Irkutsk branch of the All-Russian State Institute of Cinematography named after S.A. Gerasimov. 40 people participated in the study: 1st and 2nd-year students of the university majoring in “Drama”, “Producing”, “Directing non-fiction and television films” as well as students of a secondary vocational education majoring in “Animation”. The study revealed high indicators of the premature status of professional identity, which manifests itself in less intellectual independence and vagueness of professional goals; it also affirmed the status of “moratorium” — experiencing a crisis, but making attempts to overcome it. There are direct positive connections between the indicators of the “process of life” and all the statuses of identity, achieved identity and all the indicators of life orientations. The closest connections manifested in the scale “Achieved identity”: where the “locus of self control” rs = 0.80; the “process of life” rs = 0.90; and the “goals of life” rs = 0.80.

«КИНЕМАТИКА» ТАРАУЫН ОҚЫТУДАҒЫ ӘДІСТЕР

Taimuratova Lidiya Ungarbaevna Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Acting Associate Professor, Sh.Yessenov Caspian state university of technology and engineering, Aktau, Kazakhstan Almagambetova Aigul Aldazharovna Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, senior lecturer, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda, Kazakhstan Shakimardan Nazerke Berdibekkyzy 2nd-year Master's student, MNFIZ-21, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda, Kazakhstan METHODS OF TEACHING THE CHAPTER «KINEMATICS» Abstract. In this article we will focus on new methods of teaching the chapters of «Kinematics» in the physics section «Mechanics». The teaching of this chapter says that with the help of interdisciplinary connections, students need to explain the most important physical parameters with problems that they use in life, in everyday life, in order to form elementary ideas. Physical quantities that measure any phenomena, things, it is desirable to solve with the help of problems. In addition, it is important to form the basic concepts by integrating the chapter of kinematics with mathematics. The concepts of kinematics begin with the chapter "movement" in the 7th grade. The main purpose of teaching the chapter "motion" is the formation of systematic ideas about mechanical motion, which is the simplest form of motion of matter. Since this chapter is considered more complex than the methodical one, it combines the knowledge gained in mathematics. When interpreting this chapter of kinematics, it is necessary that students have knowledge of the concept of vectors in mathematics. In connection with the introduction of the concepts of coordinates of a material point and displacement, the method of introducing the concepts of velocity and acceleration is determined. The body can move in space quickly or slowly. To describe the speed of change of the displacement vector, a special physical quantity is introduced – velocity. In grade 9, the concept of velocity is interpreted as a vector quantity. When repeating a uniform rectilinear motion, it stops at its main sign: a point of matter makes the same movements at any equal intervals of time. Students in most cases understand the average speed of uneven movement as the arithmetic mean of the initial and final speeds. This is done only for equidistant motion (linear dependence of speed on time). When teaching the chapter of kinematics, the most important issues are the units of measurement of physical quantities, such as speed, path, displacement, acceleration, and the use of formulas in solving problems. Using the internet to explain the chapter of kinematics, kahoot.it to facilitate the work of the teacher, to quickly and accurately assess the knowledge of students using the program, new technologies can be used. About students' understanding of the chapter of kinematics in this article, kahoot.it with the help of the program, knowledge was tested. Keywords: fundamentals of kinematics, mechanical motion, bodies, velocity, displacement, time, momentum, acceleration, vectors, program kahoot.it.

Spatial ability and anatomy learning performance among dental students.

Spatial perception is an essential skill for professional dentists. The objective of this study was to observe the spatial ability, as well as anatomy module grades, of dental students at a dental education center in Indonesia and relate these to gender and cohort. A cross-sectional study was carried out where dental students in years (cohorts) 1, 2, 4-6 were invited to take the Revised Purdue Spatial Visualization Test (PSVT-R) and the redrawn Vandenberg and Kuse Mental Rotation Test (MRT) in order to assess spatial ability. In addition, the 1st- and 2nd-year dental students carried out gross anatomy assessments. Spatial ability test results were compared using an independent t-test to detect gender differences, one-way analysis of variance to inspect cohort differences, and correlation relative to anatomy module scores. A total of 326 dental students voluntarily participated. Statistically significant gender differences were found in both spatial ability tests in the overall sample (PSVT-R: p<0.001; MRT: p=0.001). When the 1st- and 2nd-year dental students were pooled, significant gender differences were detected, in which males scored higher than females in both spatial ability tests (PSVT-R: p<0.001; MRT: p=0.003). In anatomy, however, females scored higher than the males (p=0.005). In addition, there were weak to moderate, but significant correlations between spatial ability tests and anatomy scores. This study indicated that spatial ability may not be the only factor predicting the academic performance of dental students. However, dental students with low spatial ability scores may need supplementary educational techniques when learning specific spatial tasks.

PERCEPTION OF SECOND-YEAR UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS ON SEMINAR AS A TEACHING-LEARNING METHOD

Objectives: The present study was carried out to assess the perception of 2nd-year medical students on seminar as a teaching-learning method. Methods: This was a questionnaire based and cross-sectional study, conducted in pharmacology department on 2nd-year undergraduate students at a medical college in South India. The study was conducted for a period of 1 month to assess student’s perception of seminars in the teaching learning process. The questionnaire was pre-designed, pre-validated, and self-administered about usefulness of seminar in teaching-learning methods. The feedback was obtained from students immediately after the seminar and the responses received were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Of total 88 students, 82 students were of the opinion that seminars help in better interaction with both teachers and friends. About 97.7% of the students said that seminar is good and informative tool for learning. Eighty-one students (92%) preferred drugs acting on gastrointestinal tract as topic for seminar, followed by drugs acting on blood and blood formation (84%). When opinion on whether the seminar is helpful for theory topics or practical or both, 79.5% of the students said that seminar will more useful for theory topics than practical topics (5.6%). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the most of the students found that seminars are more informative than didactic lectures. Seminar should be considered as a modern teaching-learning tool, as it analyzes all the domains of teaching (cognitive, psychomotor skills, and affective). Seminar can definitely be implemented as a modern teaching learning method on regular basis for higher education like medical education.

EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN EKSPLORATIF TENTANG KONSEP DAN PROSES FISIKA DI PERMUKAAN AIR DANAU TONDANO

Explorative learning about the concepts and processes of physics on the water surface of Lake Tondano is an example of the process of learning physics by utilizing the natural surroundings as a learning object. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of exploratory learning about the concepts and processes of physics on the water surface of Lake Tondano. The method used in this research is pre-experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design. This research was conducted through three stages. The first stage is to give a pretest to measure the students' initial abilities. The second stage is to give treatment (treatment) through exploratory learning and the third stage is to give a posttest as a learning evaluation. The research subjects are 2nd-year students at the Manado State University Physics Education Study Program 2021/2022. After obtaining the research data that was processed statistically with the help of SPSS 22.0 for windows. The average pretest result is 51.00 and the posttest result is 90.62. Obtaining N-Gain scores from each student, there are as many as 13 students (overall) in the high N-Gain category with a percentage of 100%. The results of this research that explorative learning about physics concepts and processes on the water surface of Lake Tondano is effectively applied in the physics learning process.

Exploring 1st- and 2nd-year chiropractic students' willingness and attitudes toward peer physical examination.

This study aimed to explore chiropractic students' perceptions and attitudes about the appropriateness of peer physical examination as a teaching tool and their willingness and comfort with it. A modified version of a validated questionnaire was used. First- and 2nd-year chiropractic students at Murdoch University were approached during their practical sessions. The responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics reporting frequencies and percentages. Comparison between classes, age, and sex was evaluated by cross-tabulation. A total of 184 questionnaires were completed with a response rate of 76.6%. Our results demonstrated that most students were comfortable with and willing to participate in peer physical examination as well as trusted it as an appropriate part of their training and a valuable learning experience. Nevertheless, a small percentage were uncomfortable with peer physical examination and regarded it as an unprofessional activity. In addition, it was revealed that younger females (≤20 years) reported feeling unnecessarily exposed and therefore significantly less comfortable with peer physical examination. They were also less comfortable when examined in the inguinal area by a student of the opposite sex. Although peer physical examination appears to be a very popular training tool, it still has a few areas of concern that need to be investigated and addressed to improve students' attitude, perception, and comfort with this teaching technique. Further studies could investigate how other factors such as religious beliefs contribute toward students' perception and attitudes regarding peer physical examination.

Association of anxiety and depression among health specialties students with GERD in Makkah city, kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Cross-sectional study

Introduction: The correlation between psychological factors and digestive abnormalities is significant yet, the full mechanism still undetermined. Objectives: Our study aimed to study the correlation between anxiety, depression, and GERD among health specialties students in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: a survey-based study was demonstrated among health-related students in different medical colleges at Umm Al-Qura University in the period time between December 2020 until January 2021. GERD symptom frequency was evaluated using a previously validated gastroesophageal reflux symptom questionnaire GERD-Q; however, depressive and anxious symptoms were assessed using a Hospital Anxiety/Depression Scale (HADS). Result: A total of 353 students participated in the current study. The mean age of participants in the present study was 22.69 ± 2.27. 215 (60.9%) participants were male, and 138 (39.1%) were female. The majority of respondents were 2nd-year students. There is a significant correlation between anxiety and depression among students with GERD (P-value, 0.001), (P-value, 0.017), respectively. Conclusions: Depression and anxiety represent a significant factor in correlation with students with GERD.