4th Students Research Articles

ECZACILIK ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN YÜKSEK RİSKLİ İLAÇLARIN KULLANIMI HAKKINDA BİLGİSİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Objective: High alert medications (HAM) are medications commonly used in health care settings that are associated with significant harm when used in error. Improvement in the knowledge and practice of pharmacists is crucial to prevent and solve medication errors associated with HAM. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of pharmacy students about HAM. Material and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacy students (3rd, 4th and 5th-year students) through an online survey in Ankara, Türkiye between 1 May 2021 and 31 October 2021. A Turkish translated and validated version of the High Alert Medications Knowledge Questionnaire was used. Only a correct answer was given score of 1 among the knowledge questions. The common resources for HAM use in the practice were assessed. Result and Discussion: Among 124 students, 80.6% were female. The mean age (standard derivation ± SD) of the students was 23.3 ± 1.37 years. The percentages of the 3rd, 4th and 5th-year students were 51.6%, 16.1% and 32.3%, respectively. The mean ± SD score of the students was 6.8 ± 3.28 out of 20. The 5th-year students (8.00 ± 2.90) were more likely to get higher scores compared to 3rd-years (5.89 ± 3.15) (p = 0.003). RxMediaPharma® (local online drug information database) was the most (75.0%) commonly used resource by pharmacy students. The pharmacy students’ knowledge about HAM was poor. Educational interventions are necessary early in the clinical pharmacy curriculum to improve pharmacy students' knowledge and preparedness to handle HAM.

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES TOWARDSERGONOMICS AND POSTUREAMONG DENTAL STUDENTS OF THE ABULCASIS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES INRABAT, MOROCCO

Introduction : do not adopt correct working posture can lead to occupational diseases. Theobjective of this work is to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of 4th and 5th yeardental students regarding work positions. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectionalobservational study conducted among 4th, 5thand 6thyear dental students atAbulcasisInternationalUniversityofHealthSciencesinRabat,Morocco.Themediumofthesurveywasan anonymous and individual questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using Jamovisoftware. A difference was considered significant when p < 0.05. Result: Out of the 123studentsparticipatinginthestudy,Fourth-yearstudentswerethemostrepresentedinthisstudywith48(39%)participants.111(90.2%)respondentstudentshadreceivedtrainingonergonomicsandworkingpostures.99(80.5%)studentsreportedapplyingergonomicsprinciples to their daily practice.Student levels of knowledge regarding ergonomics andworkingpostureswereaverageoverall.Studentsstatedthattheyalwaysadjustedtheirworkingposture depending on the procedure to be performed in 53 (48%) of the cases. In practice,workingposturesadopteddependingontheareatobetreatedwerehighlyvariable Conclusion:Thepresentstudyprovidesanoverviewofstudentsknowledge,attitudesandpracticesregardingworkpositions.Thefindingwaspositiveeventhoughthestudyonlyreflectsstudentsopinions on work positions.

Using Kahoot! to Increase Students’ Motivation in Post-Pandemic Hybrid Learning

The lack of students’ motivation is one of the issues in implementing hybrid learning after the pandemic. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using Kahoot! to increase the motivation of students studying on Hybrid learning after the pandemic. The type of research is a pre-experimental study in the form of one-group pretest-posttest design. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 3 Kota Jambi from February to March 2022. The subjects of this study were grade 10th students who were determined by cluster random sampling technique. Research data were collected through questionnaires that were distributed to students. Based on the results of the paired t-test which gets the result of the sig value of 0.000 which is smaller than 0.05. Based on the N gain test, the result obtained is 0.36 which is in the medium category. It can be conclude that there is a significant increase in students’ learning motivation after using Kahoot! in the hybrid learning

Hacettepe Health Cohort (HU-CoVaCS): Study Design, Baseline Characteristics and the First 3-Month-Follow Up of COVID-19 Vaccinated Students

Objective: This study included participants from Hacettepe University 4th, 5th, and 6th-grade students of Medical School and 4th and 5th-grade students of Dental School; and aimed to evaluate the general health status, COVID-19 history, vaccination status, and SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels of the participants to support their physical and social health, during the pandemic period. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted with an integrated, matched, nested case-control study. Sociodemographic characteristics, life habits, COVID-19 history, vaccination status, compliance with mask-distance-hygiene rules, and risks (if any) for COVID-19 were inquired via online questionnaires. Physical examinations, complete blood count, biochemistry tests, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody tests were conducted for all consenting participants. All analyses were established using depersonalized data. Results: Of the 778 participants completing the baseline visit in June-July 2021, the percentages of those vaccinated with at least one, two, and three/more doses of COVID-19 vaccine were 99.1%, 98.0%, and 11.7%, respectively; one had four doses. The median (minimum-maximum) time since the last vaccination was 134 (34-166) days for those vaccinated with two doses [CoronaVac (Sinovac Life Sciences, Beijing, China)] and 25 (14-56) days for those vaccinated with three doses [two doses of CoronaVac and a last dose of Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine (Comirnaty®). The third dose was applied at a median of 164 (151-202) days after the second dose, and all were heterologous in type. The median (minimum-maximum) antibody level for the overall group was 53.55(0-5680) BAU/mL: 47.19 BAU/mL in those who received two doses, with a more than 100 times increase after a third dose (4943.64 BAU/mL). Of the 522 participants followed up to October 1, 2021, 6 PCR-positive symptomatic participants were diagnosed with COVID-19: the incidence rate was 4/1000 person-months. Conclusion: A 100-fold neutralizing antibody level following the third dose demonstrated the importance of a booster dose. Given the time lag between doses, antibody measurements of BioNTech recipients should be repeated in the upcoming months. Booster selection should involve antibody level, variant sensitivity of the vaccine, and individual characteristics of the recipient.

Developmental Effects of Screen Time on Gender Diverse Student’s Experiences of Bullying Victimization

ABSTRACT We used a large state-wide sample of adolescent students in 8th, 10th, and 12th grades (N = 58,689) to examine the predictive value of screen time on bullying victimization, as well as its interaction with age by gender, including transgender and gender nonconforming identities. Participants were majority boys/men (52.3%), heterosexual (88.1%), and White (73.7%). Findings generally supported previous literature related to cisgender differences, but highlighted differences for transgender and gender nonconforming youth. While screen time and technology use, as well as development and maturation, appear to be important predictors of bullying victimization for cisgender students identifying as boys/men and girls/women, they did not predict bullying victimization for transgender or gender nonconforming youth. Results suggest we cannot assume previous bullying research on binary cisgender students will generalize to transgender and gender nonconforming youth. Practical implications for advancing bullying and victimization research with gender diverse students are outlined.

A Syntactical Analysis of Sentences Written by Deaf Students at the Senior High Level of a Public Special School in Sumbawa Regency

The purpose of this study was to determine the syntactic ability and the form of syntactic errors at the writing of deaf students at the senior high school level of Public Special School (SLBN) 1 Sumbawa. Participants in this study were five students consisting of 1 of the10th grade, 3 of the 11th students, and 1 of the 12th grade. The research was qualitative, while the data were collected using written tests. For the data analysis, the researchers used the theory of Chaer about syntactic functions and devices. The results of the study show that the forms of errors in the student's writing consist of errors on the use of subjects, predicates, objects, and adverbs. Other forms of errors lie in the order of words, word forms, and use of conjunction. Another finding is that some students were able to compile sentences based on S + Adv + P, while the other students were only able to compile sentences with the S + Adj pattern. Based on these findings, it is expected that parents or teachers play a role to teach children or students how to compose sentences with a simple pattern so that children who suffer from deafness are able to convey what they want to convey.

Determining the Relationship Between 11th Students' Attitude Towards Mathematics and Their Achievement in Mathematics

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between high school students' attitudes and their mathematics learning achievement. This study uses a survey method. The population in this study includes is grade 11th student at public senior high schools in Pandeglang Regency and Serang City, Indonesia. Sample of this study is 12 schools that determined by stratified proportional random sampling. Data was collected using a questionnaire and students' mathematics reports. Analysis of the data used is Spearman rank correlation analysis and chi-square test. The results showed that there was a weak but significant positive relationship between students' attitudes towards mathematics and mathematics learning achievement. This can indicate that there are some students who have high learning achievement in mathematics tend to have attitudes towards mathematics in the medium or low category

Pengaruh Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMA pada Materi Perubahan Lingkungan

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a problem-based learning model (PBL) on the critical thinking skills about changes in the environment. This study adopted a quasi-experimental model with a non-equivalent group design. The subjects of this study are 10th students at SMA Negeri 1 Genteng for the 2020/2021 school year. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and chose 30 students in each of the experimental and control classes. Critical thinking skills data collection using 20 multiple choice questions tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis using independent sample t-test. The results show that there is a significant effect of the problem-based learning (PBL) model on students' critical thinking skills (p=0.000). Problem-based learning (PBL) has a greater influence on critical thinking skills than conventional learning. The use of problem-based learning (PBL) models on the topic of environmental change encourages students' critical thinking skills to be able to solve problems related to environmental change.Keywords: problem-based learning, critical thinking skills, environmental change

Retracted: Research on the Throwing Technique of High-Pole Hydrangea Champion Team in the 12th Students' Games of Guangxi.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/6422746.].

Креативность и культурная конгруэнтность подростков

Background. The study of cultural congruence as a personality trait responsible for the regulation of adolescent behavior in relation to the rules typical for this age is one of the important tasks for developmental psychology. The range of rules despite its diversity has an invariant series. This invariant part of diversity is specific for each age stage. the contradiction between the need to follow generally accepted rules and conditions for the development of creativity associated with atypical and original products of creative activity makes up the problem of studying cultural congruence of creative teenagers. There is a lack of research on the relationship between two diametrically opposed psychological qualities of adolescents: cultural congruence and creativity. The objective of the study is to analyze the correlation between cultural congruence and creativity; as well as to study the influence of divergent thinking on the cultural congruence in adolescents. Sample. The research was conducted in 4 stages between March 2021 and March 2022 and involved 272 adolescents, ages 13 to 16 (М = 14.21; SD = 1.02), (139 male and 133 female). Students of 7th, 8th, and 9th grades at four lyceums in Kazan took part in the study. Methods. The methods included the test of divergent creative thinking (F. Williams, modified by E.E. Tunik, 2003), the questionnaire to diagnose the level of cultural congruence for adolescents (L.F. Bayanova, O.G. Minyaev, 2016), the test to identify creative abilities (H. Zievert, 1998). The study assessed the following parameters: curiosity, imagination, risk-taking, self-discipline, quick-thinking, divergent thinking, cultural сongruence as the ability to control behavior regarding the rules typical of the social situation of development in adolescence. Mathematical data processing was carried out using methods of descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient (r), Cheddock scale, the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results. The research of the indicators of divergent thinking, creative characteristics, and cultural congruence of adolescents concludes that of the variety of dichotomous relations, a significant inverse correlation was found between the structural component of cultural congruence, i.e., “safety” and divergent thinking (confidence level is 95% (p ≤ 0.05; r = –12). It provides a partial confirmation of the hypothesis. The final stage of the research included an analysis of variance using the one-factor ANOVA method. Following the results of the analysis, it was found that the influence of divergent thinking on the cultural congruence of adolescents is not significant. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate a weak correlation of the ambivalent factors, i.e., creativity and cultural congruence. The results show an inverse correlation between creativity and the “safety” scale of the method for diagnosing the cultural congruence for adolescents. The revealed ambivalence of the studied indicators distinguishes the nature of correlations, identified previously in the study of behavior regulation and creativity of preschool and primary school children.

Determining the COVID-19 Knowledge, Awareness and Anxiety Levels of Intern Dentists

Introduction: COVID-19 is a contagious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The nature of dentistry leads to close contact with patients and exposure to saliva, blood, and other bodily fluids during treatment processes and it is a field where high-frequency devices that can make it easier for virus contamination are used. This study aims to determine the knowledge and approaches of COVID-19 infection control of intern dentists who have begun face-to-face education and their COVID-19-related fear and anxiety levels. Methods: The study comprised 4th and 5th-year students who began face-to-face education at the Ankara University Faculty of Dentistry 2020/2021 spring semester. A questionnaire was used as the data collection tool for this study. The data were collected using a knowledge questionnaire and a COVID-19 fear and anxiety scale. Results: The average COVID-19 knowledge score of the students was 63.65±9.64, their coronavirus fear average score was 17.63±5.57, and their anxiety average score was found to be 2.37±3.32. A positive relationship was found between the anxiety scores and the COVID-19 fear scores. The results of this study show that the COVID-19 knowledge level and fear of dentistry students are moderate and that their COVID-19 anxiety level is low. Conclusion: It was found that the knowledge and fear of coronavirus levels of intern dentistry students were moderate and that their coronavirus anxiety level was low.

4 ve 5. Sınıf Diş Hekimliği Öğrencilerinin Protetik Diş Tedavisi Klinik Stajı Deneyimlerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Kesitsel Araştırma

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the prosthodontic internship experiences of 4th and 5th grade dentistry students in terms of clinical procedures and patient-physician relationships. Material and Methods: A questionnaire consisting of a total of 26 closed and open-ended questions was created through Google Forms and shared with students' representatives of each grade. It included 5-point Likert scale to allow dentistry students to evaluate prosthodontic treatment procedures. A total of 143 dentistry students were included in the study. The data were statistically analyzed using the Pearson chi-square test and the Bonferroni-corrected Z-test. Results: Of the dentistry students, 58% were 4th graders, 42% were 5th graders, 63.6% reported to consider themselves sufficient when planning treatment, 50.4% reported to spend around 30 min-1 hour for a tooth preparation, 56.8% reported border moulding as the most challenging complete denture clinical procedure, and 77.5% reported to feel strongly responsible for patients whom they treat. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the students' perceptions of whether the treatment they applied was ideal according to their grades (p=0.089). Conclusion: In general, dentistry students have the most difficulty in tooth preparation among fixed prosthesis clinical procedures and in border molding among total prosthesis clinical procedures. The 5th graders were more successful than the 4th graders in some clinical procedures that required correct use of time and dexterity.

Factors Influencing Medical Students and Interns in Choosing a Career in Saudi Arabia. A Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose: Medical students are exposed to various specialties during their medical school. There are different factors that play a role that affect their decision to choose a specialty. In our study, we aimed to identify the factors that affect and influence medical students and interns to choose a specialty as their career. Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey that involved 4th, 5th, and 6th-year medical students and interns from different universities in Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, information about the medical school, their preferred specialty, and what are the factors influencing their career choice. Demographics were described as numbers and percentages for categorical variables and mean and standard deviation (SD) for numerical variables. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version (26.0). Results: A total of 1,178 participants with a mean age 23.1 were included. Among all participants, 40% of them were in their 6th year and the majority (84.1%) were from public medical schools. Among both genders, the most preferred specialty was internal medicine, followed by general surgery. The length of residency training (p=0.005), performing procedures in this specialty (p=0.006), and perceived gender bias in the specialty (<0.001) were factors significantly different between females and males in their career choice during residency. The most important factor related to the residency training that affected the decision among both genders was lifestyle during residency. However, factors related to being a consultant differed among both genders, where 54% of females stated that patients’ outcome in the specialty was the extremely important factor, whereas in males, controllable lifestyle was the extremely important factor. Conclusion: The most commonly chosen specialty was internal medicine, followed by general surgery for both genders. Different factors affected the decision among both genders. More emphasis on career planning is required during medical school to help graduates in choosing the proper specialty for them. Key words: career choice, medical education, medical school, postgraduate training

Kajian Learning obstacle pada Materi Peluang untuk Jenjang SMP Ditinjau dari Literasi Matematis PISA 2021

The purpose of this study is to find out the type of learning obstacle experienced by students in the opportunity material at the junior level in view of PISA 2021 literacy. The method used in this study is a qualitative method using a didactical design research framework, which focused on the study of learning obstacles. Instruments for studying learning obstacles on the topic of opportunity are designed based on mathematical literacy of PISA 2021. Participants in this study consisted of three 10th grade students at one of the MA (Madrasah Aliyah) in Bandung, one class 11th student at one of the MA in Bandung, two 10th grade students at one of the high schools in Jakarta. Data is collected through tests and interviews through WhatsApp. The results showed that there were four types of learning obstacles experienced by participants, namely students' incomprehension to the concept of opportunities used, students' incompetence to the context of information from the given problem, lack of careful reading and doing, and not used to working on problem solving type problems.

YOUTUBE-SOURCED VIDEOS AS TEACHING MEDIA FOR LISTENING COMPREHENSION: AN OPTIMIZING OF AUTHENTIC-UPDATED LEARNING SOURCE

The development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is globally unavoidable since it becomes a booster for all life aspects, including but not limited to teaching and learning. Internet provides limitless resources teaching and learning media, one of those are videos in YouTube. The objective of this study is to know, whether or not YouTube media can improve students’ listening skill in English teaching. The subject of the study was eleventh grader (11) SMK Negeri 2 Majene. The total population is 65 students from two classes, as the sample is consisted of 30 students. In this study, researcher used quantitative method on pre-Experimental research, with one group pre-test and post-test. The pre-test result was compared to the post-test result to determine whether or not the trajectory is successful. This research uses quantitative research. Result from pre-test to post-test students can hear English well. Thus, using YouTube media in learning process is effective to improve students' listening ability. This is proved by the mean score of pre-tests which is 17 and post-test obtained score of 30.1. That means the ability to listen to students increase 13.1 points. T-test value is 6,89 and T-table is 1,699 with degree of freedom (df) 29 and significant level at 5% is 1,699. Based on the analysis data, alternative hypothesis (HI) in this research is accepted because the result of T-value is higher than T-table (6.89> 1.699). It indicates that YouTube media can be effectively applied in learning English for the 11th students in SMK Negeri 2 Majene.

SIGNS OF PHYSICAL ABILITY OF 11-12-YEAR OLD STUDENTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN 2020/2021 SCHOOL YEAR

Sport and physical activity contribute to people’s physical, mental, and social health. The state of students’ physical ability is an accurate and objective indicator, with the help of which the influence and efficiency of the educational process in physical education and sports can be revealed. The aim of this study was to determine the level of development of the physical ability of students in 5th and 6th grade, through analysis and evaluation, according to the new regulatory system for evaluation. The research was carried out with 75 pupils at a secondary school in the city of Sofi a. To realize it, we used a test battery that carries information about the significant indexes of physical fitness. The battery includes five tests: running 30 m., standing long jump with both feet, 3 kg medicine ball throwing with both hands from a standing position, running 200 m., and agility and spatial coordination test. The testing and mathematical-statistical methods (variation analysis comparative analysis with t-criterion of Student and sigma evaluation method) were used in our study. The analysis of the results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the students from 5th and 6th grade, only in terms of the indicator of agility and spatial coordination. Such a difference was found in the same test, by gender and age, among the boys from the two study groups. Our research showed that the state of physical ability of the students participating in the study was at a good level, which corresponds to the average in the country.

The Implementation of English Teaching in New Normal Era during Covid-19 Pandemic at SMP Negeri 3 Teras

This research discusses the implementation of English teaching in new normal era during COVID-19 pandemic which reveals the offline teaching activity in class with the new normal health protocol implementation, the procurement of health protocol support facilities, and the students’ preference of learning methods which have been experienced during COVID-19 pandemic. The objectives of this research are: a) providing the portray of English teaching activity and the activity in school in general in new normal era during COVID-19 pandemic, and b) measuring the students’ preference of the used learning methods both offline or online learning in COVID-19 pandemic. The subject of this research was the 7th students and teacher at SMP Negeri 3 Teras. The techniques of collecting data used were observation, interview, and questionnaire. The data from the observation and questionnaire for this research were analyzed qualitatively in order to provide the phenomena in the school descriptively, while the students’ questionnaire responses were also processed qualitatively and provided descriptively. The findings of this research showed that there were a number of differences which were implemented in limited offline learning such as the limitation of class capacity, weekly schedule setting, the implementation of new normal health protocol (wearing mask, limitation of class capacity, and keeping the distance) and providing the facilities which support the prevention of COVID-19 spread such as washstand, hand sanitizer, and thermometer.

The Impact of Blended Learning and Direct Video Feedback on Primary School Students’ Three-Step Ball Throwing Technique

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate three distinct methods of teaching the three-step ball throw simulating the javelin throw technique to primary school students. The sample consisted of 131 primary school students of 5th and 6th grade (Mage = 11.4, SD = 0.47 years) randomly divided into three groups. The control group (CON) received typical instruction, the first experimental group (EXP) followed a blended learning intervention which included an interactive learning activity software and the second experimental group (EXPVF) followed the same blended learning method with an additional direct video feedback system. A pre/post-test design was implemented to evaluate students’ technique, using as criteria five selected technique elements of the three-step ball throw. Wilcoxon signed-rank test analysis showed that all three groups performed significantly better after the intervention in all five criteria. However, Kruskal-Wallis H test analysis with post-hoc test revealed that the results for EXPVF group were significantly better than the other two groups in all elements, while the EXP group showed significantly better results in three of the five elements compared with the CON group. In conclusion, students appeared to benefit more in their three-step ball throw technique through blended learning and direct video feedback.

Researching the Behavior of Students Regarding the Multicultural Approach during of Physical Education Lesson in Greek Elementary School

In recent years in Greece the systematic introduction of refugees and immigrant students has resulted in a change in the cultural environment in the field of primary education which in turn has influenced the teaching methods of the courses in an effort to in a better way approach the new situation. Physical Education as a school subject is a valuable tool for adaptability and approach to the new situation by introducing students with different cultures. The purpose of this study is to investigate the behaviors that are displayed during the physical education course by native students at primary schools for classmates of different nationalities. For the completion of the study, a sample of 1045 students of 5th and 6th grade was approached by random sampling representative from all regions of Greece. The data collection tool was a behavioral self-assessment questionnaire that has been used in another relevant research in the Greek scientific field. The analysis was performed with the IBM SPSSv21 Statistical Analysis package. From the results of the work, it seems that there are significant differences between the students of the 5th / 3rd grade and those of the 6th grade, as well as between boys and girls in the multicultural approach during the practice of physical-sports activities. In particular, 5th graders place more emphasis on rewarding good effort, positive reinforcement and motivation as well as accepting the rights of others, while 6th graders display more inappropriate verbal behavior and annoyance on others. The behavior of irresponsibility seems to be displayed to a greater extent by boys than by girls, while the latter ones exhibit the behavior of helping others to a greater extent.

Relations Between Motor Abilities and Basketball Skills of 13-14 Year Old Students

The aim of the research is to determine the relations and influences of motor abilities on the performance of some elements of the basketball techniques in the 7th and 8th graders. The study included 85 respondents, students of 7th and 8th grade of elementary school “Prekounje” from Bihać. The motor status assessment system was represented by the 12 variables (three variables each to assess coordination, explosive strength, flexibility and speed), while 4 situational-motoric tests were used to assess the success of the performance of the elements of basketball techniques: 1. Throwing the ball with both hands against the wall and catching it for 30 seconds (BHLR30), 2. Dribbling the ball with the hand in a slalom (VLRS), 3. Throwing the ball into the basket for 30 seconds (ULK30), 4. Lay-ups for 30 seconds (PNK30). Basic central and dispersion parameters were calculated for all variables which confirmed the normality of the distribution, and the relations between spaces were determined by using the canonical correlation analysis. Values ​​obtained by canonical correlation analysis indicate very high correlation between basic motor abilities and basketball skills.