Background. In Russia, there is a negative trend of increasing incidence of cervical cancer. The main etiologic factor is considered to be the human papillomavirus, especially oncogenic strains. However, the presence of additional risk factors in patients allows us to judge the polyethiologic nature of the disease. Purpose. Evaluation of the parity of etiologic risk factors in relation to the degree of cervical neoplasia and the possibility of preventing cervical cancer. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the case histories of 100 patients aged 19 to 76 years with a diagnosis of cervical dysplasia, who sought treatment in Simferopol clinics in 2023-2024, was conducted. The results of cervical biopsy, extended colposcopy, cytological and histological studies, and PCR diagnostics of human papillomavirus were evaluated. Differences according to the Student's criterion t> 2.0 at p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. The prevalence of severe cervical dysplasia (56% of patients) over CIN-I (29%) CIN-II (15%) was revealed. There were more women under 40 in both categories (59.1%) than middle-aged women (40.9%). In the group of patients with a severe form of the disease, there were 17 carriers (30.3%) of HPV, and these women were under 40 years of age. Among women under 40, 10 patients had children (17.8%). Severe dysplasia was found in four patients (40%). Among older patients, 12 out of 44 had children, with the following distribution: 5 (41.6%) with CIN I, 3 (25%) with CIN II, and 4 (33.3%) with severe dysplasia. Conclusion. The presence of human papillomavirus is significant in the progression of dysplasia among young patients, while among patients over 40, the main factor in the progression can be considered unrealized reproductive potential. EDN: WIIGRL

Purpose. To investigate the effect of mobile phone use on postural resistance, taking into account the underlying asymmetry of the lower extremities. Materials and methods. The study involved 31 subjects. Postural control was evaluated using the Stabilan-01-2 stability analyzer and the Tekscan pedobarographic platform. Subjects performed tests in the main rack and while using the phone (watching dynamic video). Statistical analysis was performed using Student's and Wilcoxon's criteria (p < 0.05). Results. 3 groups were identified by support asymmetry: left-sided, right-sided, with a symmetrical type of support. The greatest stability was recorded in people with right-sided asymmetry (ellipse area 81.87 ± 13.51 sq. Mm). In persons with a symmetrical type of support, the use of the phone worsened stability. No significant changes were observed in the group with pronounced lateralization. Conclusions. A group with a symmetrical type of support is most susceptible to destabilization when using a phone. The results highlight the importance of considering individual features of the support system in balance studies.

Improving existing and developing new methods for analyzing biologically active substances of medicinal plants by reducing material and time costs is considered a priority task of modern pharmacognosy. Objective. Development of parameters for quantitative determination of calendula flower flavonoids. Matherials and Methods. Object of study – calendula flowers. We tested 16 methods for quantitative spectrophotometric determination of flavonoids from the State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Belarus on Calendula flowers. The basic method for developing the parameters for quantitative determination was selected by comparing the results obtained using the spectrophotometric method with high-performance liquid chromatography and by comparing the absorption spectra of rutin, caffeic acid standard samples and the extracts under study. We studied the effect of the following parameters on the optical density of the system: concentration of aluminum chloride solution in alcohol (70%, v/v); volume of aluminum chloride solution in alcohol (70%, v/v); volume of acetic acid in buffer solution S; volume of buffer solution S and duration of heating in a water bath. Statistical processing of the data was performed using Student's criterion. Results. It is shown that direct spectrophotometry is not suitable for quantitative determination of Calendula flower flavonoids, since hydroxycinnamic acids and unreacted reagents contribute to absorption. Based on the data of high-performance liquid chromatography and assessment of the ratio of optical densities of rutin and caffeic acid, a technique for quantitative determination of flavonoids was selected. When using this technique, the absorption spectra of rutin and calendula flower extracts coincide. The optimal parameters for spectrophotometric determination of calendula flower flavonoids are: concentration of aluminum chloride solution – 50 g / l; added volume of aluminum chloride solution – 8.0 ml; volume of acetic acid in buffer solution S – 2.5 ml; added volume of buffer solution S – 5.0 ml and duration of heating in a water bath – 4 min. Conclusion. Parameters for spectrophotometric determination of total flavonoid content in calendula flowers with recalculation to rutin have been developed. The choice of method for quantitative determination of calendula flower flavonoids has been substantiated.

Background. Modern society is undergoing a transformation of marital and family values, which is manifested in an increasing number of divorces, postponement of marriage to a later age and the spread of alternative forms of relationships (cohabitation, childfree). The student period is key for the formation of marital and family attitudes, however, research shows that only 5% of students demonstrate sufficient readiness for family life. Despite the relevance of the topic, there are not enough works studying the specifics of psychological readiness for marriage among students. This determines the need for research to identify the level and characteristics of such readiness, taking into account gender differences. Purpose. To identify the level and features of psychological readiness for marriage among students, as well as to analyze gender differences in marital and family attitudes. Materials and methods.The study involved 60 students (30 girls and 30 boys) aged 18-22 from Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University. The following experimental methods were used: the "Family Readiness Assessment Card" test (I.F. Yund), the "Motivational readiness for marriage" questionnaire (S.V. Zholudeva), the "Moral readiness for Marriage" questionnaire (E.K. Pogodina), the author's questionnaire, which includes questions about attitudes to marriage during the student period. For statistical data processing, the Student's criterion was used to compare groups. Results.The study showed that the majority of students (82%) have a low level of moral readiness for marriage. Only 5% of the participants demonstrated sufficient readiness for family life, while 77% were at an average (satisfactory) level. Girls are more likely than boys to be oriented towards marriage with a specific person (t=4.78, p0.01) and show a higher moral readiness (t=5, p0.01). Boys are more likely to be inclined to "abstract marriage" (52%), that is, they do not have clear criteria for choosing a partner. These data reflect current trends: young people are postponing marriage, more often choosing alternative forms of relationships and demonstrating a lack of awareness in matters of family life.

Annotation. The main role in the processes of interaction of organs and tissues in the biological environment of the oral cavity is played by the properties of oral fluid. At the same time, the issues of physicochemical properties of mixed saliva, which are important in the development of dental diseases associated with malabsorption syndrome, have not been studied sufficiently. The aim of the work is to study the physicochemical properties of oral fluid in patients with combined lesions of teeth, periodontal tissues and oral mucosa and malabsorption syndrome. 34 children and adolescents and 28 patients aged 25 to 64 years with malabsorption syndrome were examined. The control group consisted of: 34 healthy children and adolescents and 29 practically healthy individuals aged 25 to 64 years. The salivation rate was measured, the pH of the oral fluid was determined, the viscosity of mixed saliva and the buffer capacity were studied. The statistical processing of the results was carried out by methods of variational statistics using Student's reliability criteria. The study of the salivation rate index allowed us to establish a significant decrease in the level of its secretion relative to the control group from 37.5% to 45.4% in children and adolescents and 3.5 times in adult patients with malabsorption. The determination of the viscosity index revealed an identical statistically significant increase in the main group compared to the control group. When analyzing the results of the pH of the oral cavity, a significant decrease in the concentration of hydrogen ions in the mixed saliva of all patients of the main group was found, which ranged from 6.15±0.34 to 6.22±0.25 (p<0.05) relative to healthy individuals. The low capacity of the bicarbonate buffer of the examined patients of the main group compared to the control group indicated insufficient protection against the action of acids. Therefore, a significant decrease in the salivation rate with an increase in saliva viscosity against the background of an imbalance of acids and alkalis and a low ability to neutralize them in the oral cavity of patients with malabsorption syndrome creates conditions for the development of multiple dental caries, periodontal diseases and oral mucosa. The prospect of further research is to study the state of the oral microbiocenosis in these patients.

Разработана нейросетевая математическая модель финансовой устойчивости компаний обрабатывающей промышленности России, учитывающая индикаторы, характеризующие работу компании в отчетном периоде, а также периоде, предшествующем отчетному. Проведен анализ достоверности разработанной нейросетевой математической модели с помощью критерия Стьюдента и критерия Фишера. Разработанная математическая модель может использоваться при анализе финансового состояния предприятий обрабатывающей промышленности России коммерческими банками. A neural network mathematical model of the financial stability of Russian manufacturing companies has been developed, taking into account the indicators characterizing the company's performance in the reporting period, as well as the period preceding the reporting period. The reliability of the developed neural network mathematical model is analyzed using the Student's criterion and the Fisher criterion. The developed mathematical model can be used when analyzing the financial condition of Russian manufacturing enterprises by commercial banks.

An intraoral scanner (IOS) is a modern device for scanning the oral cavity, which is used in various fields of dentistry, most often to make digital impressions. At the same time, this method is rarely used to diagnose dental caries. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of 3D scanning, compare it with 3D radiography and clinical examination data for "hidden" caries on the contact dental surfaces. Materials and methods. The study involved 20 persons aged from 16 to 18. All patients underwent clinical dental examination according to generally accepted methods with filling out the examination card of a dental patient №043/u, 3D-radiography of the maxillofacial region and 3D-scanning of the dentition. The results of the study were confirmed by statistical data processing using the method of variation statistics with the calculation of the Student's criterion. Results. The presence of hidden processes on the contact dental surface can be diagnosed using radiography or scanning in 90% of cases, while visual examination can detect them only in 60% (p > 0.5). 3D-scanning also makes it possible to establish the presence of a "hidden" carious dental lesion in a higher percentage of cases compared to a visual clinical examination and probing of the dental crown surface. Conclusions. A high diagnostic efficiency of 3D-scanning and 3D-radiography compared with clinical examination in determining "latent" caries on contact dental surfaces (p < 0.5) and the same effectiveness of digital examination methods in this case (p > 0.5) were revealed. The use of 3D-scanning has advantages in cases where other additional examination methods, in particular radiography, are contraindicated or technically impossible to perform.

The article highlights the results of assessing the dynamics of the quality of life of patients after cholecystectomy under the influence of a physical rehabilitation program. The study included 46 people aged 25 to 60 years, who were randomly divided into two groups: the main group (MG) (n=26), where people were engaged in hydrokinesitherapy (2 times a week for 3 months with a session duration of 40 minutes) and received medication; and the control group (CG) (n=20), whose patients took only medications. Statistical analysis methods were performed depending on the distribution of the statistical sample using Student's parametric criteria. The method of descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) was used to represent the data obtained. The results were considered statistically significant at p<0,05. The physical and mental components of quality of life were determined by the SF-12 questionnaire before the start of the rehabilitation program and after 3 months. In the primary examination of the physical and mental components of the quality of life assessment in CG and MG patients using the SF-12 questionnaire, no statistically significant difference was found. The secondary examination revealed a statistically significant increase (p<0,05) in quality of life indicators compared to the primary examination. In the MG group, the physical component increased by 35.1%, and the mental component - by 27.3%. In the control group, the physical component increased by 11.2% and the mental component by 10.5%. At the same time, a statistically significant difference was found in relation to the index for the studied indicators between the CG and MG at the secondary examination. Thus, the program of physical rehabilitation after laparoscopic cholecystectomy demonstrates the benefits and positive impact on the quality of life of patients.

The content of erythrocyte parameters in the peripheral blood of Romanov sheep sheep was studied according to the seasons of the year. The experiment included purebred non-pregnant sheep aged 18 months with a live weight from 46 to 56 kg, zoned in Kuzbass. The studies were conducted before the start of the sexual season in July and after its end in February. Blood was taken from the jugular vein by vacuum method into tubes with K2EDTA. Blood parameters were measured using a PCE90 Vet hematology analyzer. For comparative statistical analysis, taking into account the nature of the data distribution, the Student's criteria for independent samples and Mann-Whitney were applied. The content of the total number of red blood cells in the summer season, hemoglobin, hematocrit, average erythrocyte volume, average hemoglobin content in erythrocytes, average hemoglobin concentration in erythrocytes (MCNS), and the width of red blood cell distribution (RDW) in both seasons varied within generally accepted normal values. The number of red blood cells in winter was below normal. Erythrocyte counts were characterized by a wide range of phenotypic variability. Seasonal differences have been established for all indicators except the average hemoglobin concentration in red blood cells. The number of red blood cells in the summer season was 1.8 times higher than in winter (p<0,05). and were 3.99±0.05 ×1012/l and 7.4×1012/l. The levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, average volume of red blood cells, MSNS, RDW were higher in winter by 13.5%, 13.3%, 51.2%, 48.1% and 12.9%, respectively (p<0,05). The variation of erythrocyte parameters between seasons can serve as indicators of the environmental impact on animal health.

The aim of the study is to develop practical recommendations for determining maximum water discharges in the absence of hydrological observation data using the reduction formula recommended by regulatory documents. The initial data are the maximum water discharge and spring flood runoff layers for 1950–2020 for the rivers of the Northern Dvina, Onega, Mezen, and White Sea basins. The initial data series were assessed for stationarity in terms of mean value and variance according to Student's and Fisher's criteria. The territory was divided into regions using hierarchical cluster analysis. The regional parameters used in the reduction formula were refined based on observations from recent years. The current values of the reduction formula parameters were obtained. Mapping of the average long-term values of spring flood runoff layers has been done. The error in determining maximum water discharge on dependent and independent material has been determined. The dependence of the error on the size of the catchment area, the number of hydrological stations in the sub-region, and other parameters has been assessed. A comparison of the error when using refined and outdated values of the reduction formula parameters and different approaches to determining the layers of spring flood runoff was made. Based on the analysis of the results, a conclusion about the most effective approaches to determining the parameters of the reduction formula for the studied area was made.

Background. Unmanned aerial vehicles are currently actively used in the military, civil and scientific spheres of activity. Due to the use of the swarm, there are opportunities to increase the efficiency of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles. The paper discusses the features of determining the characteristics of a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles. Materials and methods. The analysis of the solution of the problem related to the determination of homogeneous characteristics on the basis of passive and active experiments is carried out. There is a designation of conditions that are divided into two samples. Two hypotheses that meet the condition of homogeneity of components are considered. The main stages of the algorithm in passive and active experiments, on the basis of which homogeneous components are distinguished, are given. The Student's criterion and the Fisher criterion are used to form regression models. Homogeneous components were determined, and then their reduction was carried out. The critical value of the speed is determined, and the speed forecast is estimated. The degrees of polynomials that form regression models are determined. Results. Based on the approaches proposed in the work, an analysis of a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles is carried out. The analysis of the key components of the swarm was carried out, their number was reduced. The error in the forecast of cruising speeds was several percent. Conclusion. The presented approaches in the work are universal and can be applied to different swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles. The possibilities of predicting cruising speeds are shown.

Objective: To study of the histophysiology of the lungs and the oxygen transport function o f blood in rats fed by an extreme fatty diet for 30 days.Methods: The study design is a randomized experimental study.The work was carried out on white, mongrel male rats weighing 200-250g.During the 30 days period of time, 10 animals were fed exclusively with animal fat.Then the animals were slaughtered under general anesthesia, after preliminary blood sampling for subsequent determination of the lactate level and oxygen transport function of the blood.Histological preparations of the lungs were stain ed with hematoxylin-eosin and Van Gieson.Histological analysis of lung components was performed using the application for measuring microscopic objects Tor View.For statistical analysis, the Student's criterion was applied for independent and paired samples in the SPSS 22.0 program.Results: An extreme fat diet consisting of 100% animal fat led to an increase in serum lactate level (0.79 (0.78)) vs 1.92 (0.28)) (p<0.001).Oxygen transport function decreased in animals of the dietary intervention group.Th e ratio of the rate of oxygen transport by arterial blood (VaVO2) to the rate of its consumption by tissues (VO2) in the main group decreased by 3 times (4.44 (0.47)) due to a pronounced decrease in the rate of oxygen transport by arterial blood (4.1042 (0.091)) vs. 64.4060(0.14)) (p<0.001).There was a 2-fold shift of the buffer bases towards its decrease in the animals of the main group as compared to control (4.9764 (0.81) versus 8.19 (0.22)) (p<0.001).Remodeling of the histophysiology of the bronchial tree and branches of the pulmonary artery was characterized by pronounced heterogeneity, depending on the level of division (large, medium, bronchioles) of the bronchi and the associated pulmonary and bronchial arteries.At the level of the alveolar tree , areas of atelectasis with blood deposition and emphysema of the acinar apparatus of the lungs were observed.And at the level of the microcirculatory bed intravascular, vascular, and circulatory changes were noted.Conclusions: A 30-day feeding of male rats exclusively with sheep fat led to an increase in lactic acid concentration, a decrease in the rate of oxygen transport by arterial blood and a deficiency of blood buffer bases, which were combined with microcirculatory changes, and at the alveolar level with foci of atelectasis with blood deposition, emphysema and inflammatory reaction.

The aim of the article was to evaluate the dynamics of impairment of activity and participation in patients after cholecystectomy according to the ICF classification under the influence of a physical rehabilitation program. The study involved 46 people aged 25 to 60 years, who were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (CG) (n=20), who took only medications, and a main group (MG) (n=26), where people were engaged in hydrokinesitherapy (3 months, 2 times a week of moderate intensity, session duration 40 minutes) and received medication. To assess activity and participation, a biopsychosocial model based on ICF, disability, and health was used. Methods of statistical analysis depending on the distribution of the statistical sample using Student's parametric criteria. The results were considered reliable at p&lt;0,05. The results showed that patients in group I were able to walk longer distances by 17.3% (p&lt;0,05), and in group II - by 38.5% (p&lt;0,01), which reflected their endurance in everyday life after rehabilitation. Patients of group I were able to control their bowel movements by 23.6% (p&lt;0,05), and patients of group II by 31.7% (p&lt;0,01), which created physical comfort in both groups, respectively, by 21.4% and 33.1% (p&lt;0,05, p&lt;0,001). Patients of group I managed to adhere to a diet and a healthy lifestyle, maintain their health by 17.2% and 40.5% (p&lt;0,05), and patients of group II - by 32.6% and 51.5% (p&lt;0,01). In everyday life, patients of group I were able to do household chores and maintain relationships - by 41.3% and 23.0% (p&lt;0,05), and group II - by 43.9% and 27.4% (p&lt;0,01), respectively. 44.1% of patients in group I managed to return to full-time work, and 63.7% in group II (p&lt;0,01, p&lt;0,001). Family support was maximized in patients of group II by 30.1%, compared to group I (19.0%), (p&lt;0,01, p&lt;0,05). Conclusions. The study proved that the program of physical rehabilitation with the inclusion of hydrokinesiotherapy has a more positive dynamics of activity and participation of patients in everyday life (p&lt;0,001), and, accordingly, on the quality of life of such patients, as opposed to conventional medical treatment.

Gestational diabetes (GD) is a consequence of physiologically determined insulin resistance in pregnant women aimed for adequate fetal growth maintenance. The frequency of GD has no tendency to decrease. Endocrine and exocrine parts of the pancreas are in anatomical and functional interaction, therefore, investigation of not only pancreatic islet but also acinar complex functioning in women with GD is becoming an urgent issue in modern pregnancy management. Aim - to investigate the state of pancreatic exocrine function in pregnant women with GD. Materials and methods. 104 women took part in our research. Serum levels of pancreatic lipase and amylase together with fecal elastase-1 (FE-1) concentration were evaluated. Statistically significant difference between groups was confirmed at the Student's test criterion value p≤0.05. Results. Pregnant women with GD had significantly lower levels of serum pancreatic enzymes amylase (25.9±7.5 U/l compared to 35.1±6.8 U/l in the control group) and lipase (40.6±9.8 U/l compared to 61.9±10.5 U/l in the control group), as well as FE-1 levels (294.4±64.3 μmol/l compared to 368.1±62.1 μmol/l in the control group). A positive correlation between the level of pancreatic enzymes and the level of FE-1 was established, as well as a negative relationship between the level of FE-1 and pregnancy term. Conclusions. GD is characterized by a decrease in pancreatic exocrine function, which worsens with increasing gestational term and can be diagnosed by measuring serum levels of amylase and lipase, as well as FE-1. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the local ethics committee of the participating institution. Informed consent was obtained from all patients. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Abstract On soil type calcic chernozem, in the period 2018-2022. an experiment with common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety "Venka 1" was carried out. The experiment was set up in 4 replications in a randomized block design. The size of the experimental plot is 10 m-2. In October, the sowing was carried out after the predecessor sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), with 500 germinating seeds/m-2. Treatments in 4 variants are applied in the appropriate periods according to Maria Thun's calendar. The first variant is an untreated Control; the second was treated only with biodynamic preparations: VD (biodynamic preparation) 500 + VD 501 + Fladen preparation; The third option is treated only with biological preparations: Free N + Heliosulfur, and the treatment in the fourth option is a combination of the above two options: VD (biodynamic preparation) 500 + VD 501 + Flaten preparation + Free N + Heliosulfur. Growth phases indicated are according to the Zadoks scale. Data were processed using SPSS using the method of variance statistics. Student's criterion was used for assessment. It was found that wheat treated variants performed better in terms of some biochemical parameters.

Omsk region is included in the list of 14 subjects of the Russian Federation, on the territory of which the number of additional cases of all causes of mortality associated with atmospheric air pollution exceeds the average Russian value by more than 1.5 times. The aim of the work was to estimate tentatively the territorially distributed cause-and-effect relationships between carcinogenic risks to public health under the influence of chemical substances polluting the atmospheric air of the city of Omsk and the mortality of the city residents from malignant neoplasms. Material and methods. The data of the federal state system of socio-hygienic monitoring and the national ecological system of atmospheric air pollution observation for the period 2009-2022 on average annual concentrations of chemical substances were used for health risk assessment. To calculate the actual “rough” and standardized mortality rates of the population of Omsk city, the data of socio-hygienic monitoring and the territorial body of Rosstat for the period 2017-2022 were used. To standardize mortality by age composition, a direct method using the WHO world standard was used. The territorial distribution of multi-year data on carcinogenic risks and mortality of the population from MND was assessed in the context of five administrative districts, 8 stationary observation posts. The assessment of differences between the territories was carried out by statistical methods: dispersion analysis, Student's criterion, Mann-Whitney test; relative risks of mortality (RR) and correlation analysis were used. Results. Uneven distribution of average annual concentrations of the studied carcinogens and individual carcinogenic risks on the territory of the city was established; relatively “clean” and “dirty” micro-territories were determined. In the territories with long-term increased levels of carcinogenic risk - the mortality rate from malignant neoplasms was significantly higher RR=1.27 (95% CI 1.252-1.288), including the group of nosologies “leukemia” (C91-C95). Conclusion. It is advisable to include algorithms of supervision over the territories with increased mortality rates from STDs under conditions of environmental pollution by chemical carcinogens in strategic programs to combat oncological diseases with the strengthening of interagency cooperation in this area on the part of medical organizations, Rospotrebnadzor, environmental agencies and municipal authorities.

The article is devoted to the important problem of identifying forms of aspen (Populus tremula L.) resistant to rot caused by aspen tinder (Phellinus tremulae (Bond.) Bond. et Bor.) and cognition of ecophysiological mechanisms of this kind of resistance. The main material for the study was wood samples (cores) cored in the aspen stand, characterized by the presence of aspen trees with varying degrees of aspen tinder infestation, which was taken into account by the presence of tinder fruit bodies on the tree trunk and the presence of signs of wood destruction on the core. The tree stand is located on the territory of the Molokchinsky Botanical and Entomological Reserve in the Sergiev Posad district of the Moscow region. Previous studies have shown that aspens not affected by tinder are characterized by a tendency to form wider annual rings, however, an assessment of the statistical significance of these differences based on the Student's criterion did not show their reliability at a confidence level of 0.05. In the course of the study, it was found that stable forms of aspen have specific biochemical properties of wood. Wood samples were examined using the Py-GC/MS method. Pyrolysis in combination with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry is one of the most advanced methods of wood research due to the ability of this method to provide detailed information about the molecular structure of the lignocellulose complex. It was found that wood samples taken from trees without fruit bodies of tinder and which had no signs of rot development on the core were characterized by a relatively high content of pyrolysis products of the polysacchaide complex. Samples from trees affected by tinder fungus are characterized by a relatively high content of pyrolysis products of the syringyl and guaiacyl types of lignin in wood, which can be considered as a specific marker of the resistance of aspen forms to aspen tinder fungus.

The development of STEM education requires teachers to have knowledge in science and mathematics, comprehensive interdisciplinary knowledge, and the ability to integrate various fields of science, technology, and engineering into the educational process. That calls for new approaches to building teachers' readiness that involve the development of cognitive abilities, including the ability to analyze and critically think creativity, and the ability to innovate. In the article, we present a brief theoretical analysis of scientific sources of domestic and foreign scholars, which allowed us to clarify the concept of "readiness of teachers of natural and mathematical disciplines to use STEM technologies in their professional activities." Considering the approaches to determining the readiness criteria, the criteria are formulated, among which we single out the cognitive criterion, which characterizes the totality of knowledge and ideas about the nature of professional activity, professional knowledge, skills, and abilities to implement STEM in the educational process. The indicators of the cognitive criterion are highlighted: 1) "awareness in the field of STEM," which reflects the level of knowledge of the future teacher about current trends in the development of STEM education and technologies used in STEM projects; 2) "comprehensive interdisciplinary knowledge," which reflects knowledge of various disciplines of the natural and mathematical cycle, as well as an understanding of interdisciplinary connections within STEM and the ability of the future teacher to make connections. The methods of calculating indicators for determining the readiness levels of teachers of natural and mathematical disciplines to use STEM technologies in their professional activities are described. The results of the pedagogical experiment, which was processed according to the Student's criterion, are presented. It has been confirmed that the level of formation of the knowledge component of readiness according to the indicators of the cognitive criterion (awareness of STEM and the availability of comprehensive interdisciplinary knowledge) has positive dynamics in the experimental group.

The purpose of the work. To study the change in acid-base balance in the oral cavity in various variants of the course of acute pancreatitis. Materials and methods. On the basis of GUZ "City Clinical Hospital No. 1" and GUZ "Regional Clinical Hospital" Chita for the period 2021-2023, a single-stage study was performed, which included 95 patients (n=95) suffering from acute pancreatitis of varying severity aged 15 to 80 years. At admission, the pH of saliva was measured using litmus strips from EKROSCHEM LLC, St. Petersburg. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the SPSS Statistics 11.0 program in compliance with the principles of statistical analysis adopted for research in biology and medicine. In order to assess the correlation and determine the closeness and direction of the correlation between the two features, Spearman's criterion was used. When comparing the study groups and the clinical comparison group, the Student's criterion with the Bonferroni correction was used. Results. As a result of the study, it was found that in patients with acute pancreatitis, the pH of saliva is shifted to the acidic side of 4.2-6.2 with an average value of 5.4 ±0.4. At the same time, in patients with acute pancreatitis, a shift in the acid-base balance of saliva towards its acidification was revealed as inflammatory and destructive changes in the pancreatic parenchyma increase. This established fact is of particular interest for the timely diagnosis of the severity of acute pancreatitis.

Today, one of the leading factors contributing to perinatal losses are infections, especially of the urogenital tract. Aim - to assess the presence of infection, especially of the urogenital tract, in women with perinatal losses and establish their role in the genesis of stillbirth. Materials and methods. A prospective examination of 45 patients with miscarriage after 12 weeks was conducted - the main group, divided into the subgroup I (n=24) - women with miscarriage in the period from 12 to 21 weeks 6 days; the subgroup II (n=21) – women with antenatal fetal death. The control group - 30 patients with advanced pregnancy. We determined the microbiocenosis of vaginal secretions, the group B streptococcus. The reliability of the research results was assessed using Student's and Fisher's criteria. A statistically significant difference was considered at p&lt;0.05. Results. The average age of pregnant women in the main group was 26±2.1 years. Every third patient of the main group had a history of otorhinolaryngology pathology. Pathology of the urinary system was noted by 44.4% of patients in the main group. The course of this pregnancy was complicated by nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, threat of abortion, asymptomatic bacteriuria; polyhydramnios. Pathological degrees of microbiocenosis in the main group were diagnosed twice as often as in the control group (p&lt;0.05). Gram-positive microflora prevailed. The concentration of Lactobacillus spp. in the main group was 4.2±1.8 CFU/ml. The growth of the group B streptococcus in vaginal secretions in the main group occurred 3.5 times more often than in the control group. Conclusions. Among women with miscarriage after 12 weeks, an important role of infection of the urogenital tract (Ureaplasma urealyticum, Gardnerella vaginalis, Streptococcus spp.) has been assigned, which has a direct impact on the course of pregnancy. Somatic pathology was also noted in the examined women: inflammatory diseases of the genital organs (37.8%), gestational pyelonephritis (28.6%), threatened miscarriage (29.2%); polyhydramnios (20.9%). An association of opportunistic vaginal microflora at a concentration of 106 CFU/ml and a decrease in Lactobacillus spp. The study was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was adopted by the Local Moral Committee of the institution indicated in the work. Informed consent was obtained from the women for the study. The authors declare no conflict of interest.