Structured Research Articles

El agua en la literatura educativa de las dos últimas décadas. Una revisión sistemática

Este artículo de revisión de la literatura educativa sobre el agua recoge información relevante sobre las dificultades de comprensión del alumnado con esta temática así como estrategias educativas aportadas por la comunidad investigadora. Tras una metodología sistematizada, se analizaron 47 artículos, pertenecientes al período 2000-2018. El análisis se estructura en torno a los contenidos curriculares asociados al agua. Los resultados indican que la etapa educativa más investigada es la de primaria, seguida de secundaria obligatoria; las menos investigadas son la etapa de infantil y la universitaria. Asimismo, se concluye que, según el contenido principal investigado, se ha prestado escasa atención al papel que desempeñan los seres vivos, y en concreto, los humanos, en las investigaciones didácticas relacionadas con el agua. Palabras clave: agua; enseñanza; dificultades de aprendizaje; revisión bibliográfica; propuestas curriculares. Water in educative literature during the last two decades. A systematic review Abstract: This review article of educative literature about water summarizes relevant information about the comprehension difficulties of students dealing with this topic together with educative strategies given by the research community. After a systematized methodology, 47 articles belonging to the 2000-2018 period were analyzed. This analysis was structured around the curricular contents of water. The results point that primary education is the most researched educational stage, followed by compulsory secondary education; the ones that are the least researched are preschool and university stages. Likewise, one can conclude that, according to the main researched content, not much attention has been paid to the role of living things, and in particular, human beings, in didactic research related to water. Keywords: water; teaching; learning difficulties; bibliographical review; curricular contents.

Evaluation of knowledge and skills of MBBS interns in basic life support/advanced cardiovascular life support and their ability to retain

Objectives: Cardiac arrest is a substantial public health problem. The American Heart Association recommends that those whose daily work requires knowledge and skills in advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) should not only be trained in ACLS but also be given a refresher course at least every 2 years. We conducted a study to find out how much knowledge and skill was improved in the participants following the workshop and also how much of it they retain after 6 months. Materials and Methods: The study, a prospective repeated measures quasi-experimental design, was done to test the knowledge and skill about basic life support (BLS) and ACLS among MBBS Interns at the entry to internship before training, posttraining and 6 months after training. This was done using a structured questionnaire containing 25 knowledge and practice questions and a checklist containing 15 points was used to assess the skills was also assessed using the Laerdal CPRQ Manikin with skill guide using parameters compression score, ventilation score, and compression fraction. Results: Knowledge mean total score for pretest, immediate posttest, and 6 months posttest was 10.9, 23.54, and 15.77, respectively, and skill mean score for pretest, immediate posttest, and 6 months posttest was 3.55, 12.99, and 9.06, respectively. Knowledge and skill assessed for immediate posttest was significantly higher than the pretest score. Six months posttest total score was significantly higher than the pretest total score but was significantly lower than posttest score in regard to both knowledge and skills. Conclusion: We found that there is gross lack of knowledge and skills among interns, which needs to be looked at with proper BLS and ACLS training and periodic reinforcement of the same with trainings as there is a significant decrease in both knowledge and skills at 6 months. The skill guide can be considered for skill assessment.

Knowledge, practices and reasons of hookah smoking in the United Arab Emirates: A cross-sectional study

Background: Hookah smoking has been increasing in the past few years in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and becoming a public health concern. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, practices and reasons of hookah smoking among UAE residents. Methods: A cross-sectional study design used a structured and validated self-administered survey. Results: Out of 420 individuals who participated in the study, 54.5% (n = 229) were males. The prevalence of smoking hookah was 37.7% (n = 158) and more prevalent among people aged 18–29 years (n = 99, 41.6%), Arab non Emiratis (n = 112, 42.6%) and cigarette smokers (n = 54, 49.1%), P

Knowledge, attitude, and challenges in digital learning using smartphones among dental students of South India: a cross-sectional survey

Aim: Smartphones are a class of mobile phones with multipurpose facilities. They are being used for entertainment, shopping, and even educational purposes. Therefore, a study was planned to assess the knowledge, attitude, and challenges toward smartphone usage for digital learning among the dental students of South India. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted by using a structured, validated, 21-item questionnaire among dental students (final-year students, interns, and postgraduates) from seven random dental colleges in and around Chennai. The data about demographic status, the extent of smartphone utilization for knowledge, students’ attitudes toward smartphone usage, and barriers in digital learning were collected. Chi-square test was applied. Results: In the present survey, 701 students have responded, predominantly females (80%). All participants owned a smartphone, and 62% of them had surfing time as more than 4 h. Nearly 94% had used smartphones for social network surfing. Almost 99% participants viewed instructional videos and read scientific articles using their smartphone. The most common site accessed for knowledge seeking was Google Scholar (39%), followed by Wikipedia (34%) and PubMed (20%). Forty-five percent of postgraduates felt that smartphones enabled them to study independently. Small screen (56%) of smartphones and less knowledge about the available resources (42%) were the major reported barriers for digital learning through the smartphone. Conclusion: Dental students used their smartphones for educational purpose and showed a favorable attitude toward their use in dentistry. Smaller screens, nonavailability of wireless access, and less awareness about the reliability of available resources were reported as barriers.

Structured Catalysts and Reactors

Structured Catalysts and Reactors

Challenges faced by acute stroke survival patients, attending neurology OPD of a selected hospital in Kolkata

Background:Stroke is a leading cause of mortality & disability worldwide. Despite the remarkable progression in the treatment of stroke, the life quality, psychological & social events caused by stroke received limited attentions. Objective:This study was conducted to identify challenges faced by acute stroke survival patients at neurology OPD of a selected hospital in Kolkata.Methods:A descriptive survey design was applied and total 104 acute (within 3 months following stroke) stroke survival patients were selected by non-probability purposive sampling technique. Socio-demographic characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire and semi-structured interview schedule was used to identify the challenges faced by acute stroke survival patients.Challenges were assessed in five domains that is physical, psychological, interpersonal, social & financial domain.Results: It was identified from the study findings that 17% of acute stroke survival patients faced mild challenges, 66% patients faced moderate challenges and 16% faced severe challenges following stroke.The study findings also reflects that 100% of acute stroke survival patients face challenges in physical domain and in in physical domain score ranges from 13-40 with a mean of 28.2 and mean percentage of 70.5 which ranked as 1stand the interpersonal domain which range from 4-18 with a mean of 8.4 and mean percentage of 42 ranked as 5th challenge.There is no association between challenges with socio-demographic characteristics. Conclusion:Ultimately identifying the challenges of those patients will provide some information which will help the nurses to counsel the patient so that they can overcome the challenges. Keywords: - Challenges, acute stroke survival patients, neurology OPD.

Agroecologia no contexto da educação do campo e da pedagogia da alternância

O presente artigo apresenta um recorte de uma pesquisa de doutorado cujo objetivo foi investigar as Representações Sociais dos Educadores dos Centros Familiares de Formação em Alternância Sobre Agroecologia. Em especial, neste artigo, trilhamos o caminho de analisar a compreensão dos educadores do Ceffas sobre agroecologia. Como metodologia, os dados foram coletados a partir de questionários estruturados. O grupo amostral foi composto por educadores de 18 Ceffas do Estado do Espírito Santo, onde foram aplicados 110 questionários, tendo retorno de 65 respostas. Os resultados apontaram para uma compreensão de agroecologia ancorada em elementos do contexto dos Ceffas, assim como elementos que se referem à trajetória dos sujeitos. De toda forma, espera-se que esta pesquisa possa contribuir para aproximação das matrizes: educação do campo, pedagogia da alternância e agroecologia.

Clinicopathological Characteristics of Sinonasal Tumours at A National Referral Hospital in Tanzania

Background Sinonasal tumours are rare, with an annual incidence of approximately 1 case per 100,000 inhabitants worldwide. Despite their rarity, they cause deleterious effects especially in countries with limited access to health services. Broad objective This study aimed at determining the proportion, clinicopathological characteristics and stage at diagnosis of sinonasal tumours among patients attending Otorhinolaryngology department at Muhimbili National Hospital Dar es Salaam Tanzania. Methodology A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 6630 patients who attended Otorhinolaryngology department at Muhimbili National Hospital, which is the national referral hospital in Tanzania from June 2015 to February 2016. Structured questionnaire and clinical examination forms were used to interview the study participants. Computed tomography scan of the nose and paranasal sinuses and chest X-Ray were done to all patients with clinical presentation of sinonasal tumours and biopsy was done to confirm the diagnosis. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Science version 20. Results Of the 6630 study participants 38(0.57%) had histopathological confirmed sinonasal tumour. Among them 23(60.5%) were males with M: F ratio of 1.5:1. Their ages ranged from 9 to 87 years with a mean age of 47.63 ±19.7 years. Most patients 37 (97.4%) presented with rhinological features for sinonasal tumours. Of the 38 patients with sinonasal tumours, 30(78.9%) had malignant tumour and peak age of occurrence was 50 years and above 19(50%) followed by 30 to 39 years 8(21.1%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type seen in 14(42.9%) patients followed by adenocarcinoma 4(13.3%). Inverted papilloma was the most common benign tumour accounting 6(62.5%) with peak age of occurrence at 50 years and above. All patients with malignant sinonasal tumours had stage III and IV disease. Among them, 6 (20%) had neck node metastasis to the level I and II and one had metastasis to the lungs. Conclusion and recommendation Malignant sinonasal tumours are the most predominant in our setting with male preponderance at the age of 50 years and above. Most patients presented with advanced disease, which warrant further studies to identify and address factors contributing to advanced stage at presentation. Keywords: Sinonasal, Tumours, Magnitude, Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania.

Usage of Oral Rehydration Salts and Other Treatments in Management of Diarrhoea Among Children Under-Five Years Attending Primary Health Care Facilities in Dar es Salaam

Background Diarrhoeal disease is highly preventable and easily manageable, yet remains a significant cause of childhood mortality in Tanzania. Since dehydration caused by acute diarrhoea is the main contributor to mortality, key measures to treat diarrhoea include rehydration using oral rehydration salts (ORS) and zinc supplements. Therefore, this study aimed to assess ORS use, pediatric zinc and antibiotics in the management of diarrhoea in children under-five years attended at the primary health care facilities in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. Also, factors associated with antibiotics usage were determined. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to September 2019. Ten dispensaries were selected from five Dar es salaam municipalities in Tanzania. A total of 301 children under-five years with diarrhoea were enrolled. Information on socio-demographic characteristics was obtained by asking the parents/guardians, whereas clinical characteristics, laboratory results, diagnosis, and treatment were extracted from children’s files. The information obtained was recorded in the structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social science software, version 22.0. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the information collected. The multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with antibiotics use in diarrhoea management, whereby p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Of 301 children enrolled, 85.7% had acute watery diarrhoea. ORS and pediatric zinc were prescribed to 75.1% and 48.8% of children, respectively. At least one antibiotic was prescribed to more than half (66.8%) of the enrolled children. The odds that antibiotics were prescribed in the management of children with acute watery diarrhoea was less compared to those with bloody or persistent diarrhoea (AOR 0.1 (95% CI 0.02 – 0.3) p< 0.01). Also, children attending health facilities in Ilala municipality had 2.1 (AOR (95%CI 1.2 – 3.8) p = 0.014) times odds of being given antibiotics compared to those attended at other health facilities in other municipalities. Conclusion ORS usage in managing diarrhoea among children under-five years is higher than the use of pediatric zinc. A high incidence of antibiotics use in acute watery diarrhoea management was observed, which is against recommended guidelines. The study recommends continuing education to health care providers and the community on proper management of diarrhoea in children under-five years. Keywords: Diarrhoea; children under-five, pediatric zinc and oral dehydration salts.

Modern Innovative HRM Practices and Organizational Effectiveness: the Mediating Role of Innovative Culture in Nigerian Healthcare Sector

The modern innovative practices have transformed the ways organizations conduct businesses; as organizations faced competition from all front. The study examines modern innovative HRM practices and organizational effectiveness (OE) in the healthcare sector of Nigeria. The study identified five objectives and five hypotheses were formulated. A sample size of 350 employees comprised of employees of eleven pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. To achieve the study objectives, a structured questionnaire was developed and administered in a survey to respondents. The descriptive statistics of simple frequency count, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used for descriptive statistics of respondents. To test the hypotheses formulated, hypotheses 1-4 were tested using multiple regression, while hypothesis 5 was tested using the structural equation model (SEM). The findings highlights that all modern innovative HRM practices has strong and significant positive effect on OE with effective hiring process (? = 5.33 g p-value = 0.000) and human resource technology (? = 5.48 g p-value = 0.000) being highly influenced by organizational effectiveness. The study concludes that modern innovative practices provide a higher level of organizational effectiveness.

Competitive Advantage and Organisational Performance in Selected Firms

This study examined competitive advantage and organizational performance in, Delta State. A 12-item validated structured questionnaire served as the research instrument to 125 staff and customers of the selected firms in Delta State. Two objectives and hypotheses to examine the impact of resource availability on organizational performance and to determine the effect of research and development performance guided the study. The major analytical tools used were correlation and multiple regression analysis. Primary data was used on a sample of 125 members of staff. It was found that there is a strong relationship between Resource availability, Research and development, and firm performance. The researcher, therefore, concluded that Resource availability positively affects the firm strategic performance in the firms selected. Bringing together expertise and capabilities from various organizations improves the performance of a product. Combining financial resources and strategic alliances help in improving the performance of a product. The strategic resources, however, which are generally intangible, are neither easily identifiable nor rapidly developed. Hence, the researcher recommends that there is a need for management of these manufacturing firms to enhance their Resource availability as this will lead to organization performance.

O TORNAR-SE PESQUISADOR EM EDUCAÇÃO

This text aims to present the formative roaming of a beginner researcher, from the work entitled “Meaning of life, multi-referentiality and training curriculum: experience with high school youth in a public school in Mossoro-RN”, requirement for the completion of the Master in Education, Graduate Program of the State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN). The research was structured based on the following objectives: know the perspective of the third year high school student to make sense of the education received, observe the challenges and obstacles found in this elaboration and identify future expectations after the end of the studied course. The work sought to reflect in actions a formation process that considers existential issues from the perspective of a plural view, understanding the complexity of the lived and the meaning. In this way, it is expected to contribute to education with the most specific aspects of the human condition, which is the possibility of seeking and giving meaning to it's own existence.

Análise sensorial de bolo do tipo muffin isento em glúten, lactose e com teor reduzido de fenilalanina

O bolo é um produto que se destaca pela conveniência, porém pacientes fenilcetonúricos encontram dificuldades para consumir tais produtos, pois a maioria pode conter ingredientes com proteínas tais como ovos, albumina e derivados de soja que contribuem para os seus atributos sensoriais típicos. A substituição destes ingredientes pode causar perda do padrão de identidade reduzindo sua aceitação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as características sensoriais de três formulações de bolo do tipo muffin, isentos em sacarose, glúten e lactose e restrito em fenilalanina (Phe), contendo mucilagem de inhame (MI) e gel de Linhaça (GL). As formulações de bolos nas proporções MI/GL: 37,09/11,45 (MRF1); 30/10 (MRF2) e 30/20 (MRF3) foram submetidas aos testes de aceitação através da escala hedônica de nove pontos e intenção de compra através da escala de cinco pontos, ambas estruturadas. Não houve diferença significativa (p&gt; 0,05) para aroma, aparência e cor entre os bolos, mas as amostras com mais linhaça (MRF1 e MRF3) receberam notas significativamente maiores nos atributos sabor, textura e impressão global (p≤ 0,05). MRF3 com maior adição de MI e GL representa uma nova opção para os pacientes com fenilcetonúria, celíacos e intolerantes à lactose no mercado.

Reconocer la inteligencia lógico-matemática en estudiantes con capacidades excepcionales

Este artículo tiene como objetivo socializar resultados investigativos del trabajo realizado con estudiantes identificados con capacidades excepcionales. Dicho trabajo propendió por el fortalecimiento en ellos de las habilidades de la inteligencia lógico-matemática propuestas por Howard Gardner. La metodología es de tipo mixta, para lo cual se recolectó la información a través de entrevistas abiertas a los docentes de matemáticas, entrevistas estructuradas a padres de familia y encuestas a estudiantes, además de la realización de actividades didácticas de contenidos académicos con mayor exigencia para los estudiantes, como: los números enteros, la serie de Fibonacci, el algoritmo de Euclides y ecuaciones; de lo cual se obtuvieron destacados resultados en el fortalecimiento de las habilidades para observar, percibir, hacer series, sacar conclusiones, manejar cálculo de algoritmo y solucionar problemas. Se concluyó que los estudiantes que cuentan con talentos excepcionales deberán ser atendidos a tiempo para que sus capacidades no se trunquen a partir de la contribución que brinde la escuela, padres de familia y directivos.

A influência do capital estrutural no processo criativo no setor de design de joias

Purpose – The purpose of the study is to analyze relations between the structural capital and the creativity in the jewelry sector.Design/methodology/approach – The method is multiple case study of 15 enterprises that develop jewelry design in the South and Southeast region of Brazil through semi structured interviews and self-filled questionnaires.Findings – The main results of the research were the perception of the strong influence of structural capital on the creative process of jewelry design, both positively and negatively.Research limitations/implications – The research limitation is the difficulty of generalization of the results obtained in the research, even being a study of multiple case, the answers were obtained only in the South and Southeast region of the country.Originality/value – As study’s main contributions we suggest that the internal structure eases the creative process in the ateliers, since the designers search to act in environments where they feel comfortable and provide the essential technologies that help them in both researches about tendencies and the development of the creative process.

Weaning in a Pandemic Situation - A Position Paper

ZusammenfassungDie logistischen und infektiologischen Besonderheiten und Erfordernisse in der Pandemie stellen die intensivmedizinischen Behandlungsteams vor außerordentliche Herausforderungen, die eine erfolgreiche Liberation von Patienten im prolongierten Weaning erschweren können. Gerade in der Pandemie gilt es daher, alle Potenziale zur Beatmungsentwöhnung und Dekanülierung von Patienten im prolongierten Weaning oder in der Langzeitbeatmung auszuschöpfen.Weaning-Zentren stellen Einheiten der intensivmedizinischen Betreuung mit besonderer Spezialisierung auf prolongiertes Weaning dar und sind integraler Bestandteil eines kontinuierlichen Versorgungskonzeptes dieser Patienten. Ein systematisches Weaning-Konzept in der Pandemie setzt strukturelle, personelle, apparative, infektiologische und hygienische Aspekte voraus.Im Mittelpunkt dieses Positionspapiers stehen als Ergänzung zur S2k-Leitlinie „Prolongiertes Weaning“ eine neue Klassifikation im prolongierten Weaning und zukünftig erforderliche Organisationsstrukturen für die Pandemie-Situation.Patienten der Kategorie A mit hohem Weaning-Potenzial bedürfen der strukturierten Respiratorentwöhnung in spezialisierten Weaning-Einheiten, um so die größtmögliche Chance auf erfolgreiches Weaning zu realisieren. Patienten der Kategorie B mit geringem oder aktuell nicht vorhandenem Weaning-Potenzial sollten verzögert nach einer Zwischenphase der weiteren Stabilsierung in einer außerklinischen Beatmungseinrichtung einen Weaning-Versuch erhalten. Patienten der Kategorie C ohne Weaning-Potenzial benötigen eine dauerhafte außerklinische Versorgung, alternativ eine palliativmedizinisch begleitete Beendigung der Beatmung. Die sich aus den 3 Kategorien ergebenden Aufgaben für die Weaning-Zentren werden im Positionspapier vertieft.Schließlich werden unter perspektivischer Betrachtung im Positionspapier folgende zukünftig denkbare Netzwerke und Register benannt: 1. lokal organisierte regionale Netzwerke von zertifizierten Weaning-Zentren, 2. ein zentrales, bundesweites Register der Weaning-Kapazitäten entsprechend dem DIVI-Register und 3. eine Registrierung der Patienten im schwierigen oder prolongierten Weaning.

A abstratização de evidenciais no português brasileiro, no espanhol dominicano e no italiano

This article presents the result of an investigation on the development of more abstracted microconstructions based on predicative lexical evidential structured with the prototypical dicendi verb. Three Romance languages ​​were contrasted: Brazilian Portuguese (BP) ( dizer ), Spanish (ESP) ( decir ) and Italian (IT) ( dire ). The evidential semantic domain concerns the source of the enunciated knowledge (Aikhenvald 2004; Casseb-Galvao 2001) and its coding can occur by lexical and/or procedural elements. The main hypothesis involves the recognition that across languages more prototypical lexical uses originate processes of constructional changes of abstract evidentials, with grammatical or discursive meanings, as [ diski ], in PB, ( decir ), in ESP and si dice che , in IT.

Brand Credibility and Marketing Performance in the Nigerian Brewery Industry

Brand credibility is the relevant symbols which make firms to be honest about their products and services and to examine complaints. The general objective of the study is to examine the effect of brand credibility on marketing performance in the Nigerian Brewery Industry. The study engaged the cross-sectional survey research design method and stratified random sampling technique. A sample size of 205 employees of the selected firms was randomly selected from the total population of 442. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain vital data from the respondents. In this study, the statistical techniques that were used include descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Findings should that brand trust, perceived product quality and brand image have a significant positive relationship with marketing performance. The study, therefore, concluded that brand credibility has a positive effect on marketing performance in the Nigerian Brewery Industry. The study recommended that companies should develop long-lasting brand credibility to influence the intentions of consumers. And it can be established by giving expertise, trustworthiness and attractiveness to consumers.

“Casa Sportman – sempre imitada, nunca igualada”: estratégias de um empreendimento e dinâmicas de consumo (Rio de Janeiro; 1909-1922)

A despeito da intensidade das relações entre o esporte e o mundo dos negócios, no Brasil, poucos são os estudos históricos desenvolvidos acerca do tema. Tendo em conta essa lacuna, este artigo objetiva discutir a trajetória da pioneira empresa fluminense especializada na venda de produtos esportivos: a Casa Sportman. A intenção é debater, no seu primeiro momento de funcionamento, de 1909 a 1922, as estratégias adotadas por seu proprietário, Manoel da Silva Mattos, no intuito de inserir seu empreendimento na dinâmica de consumo que se estruturava no Rio de Janeiro das décadas iniciais do século XX. Como fontes, foram utilizados o Diário Oficial e periódicos. Adotou-se a Business History como alternativa de investigação.

Gegenseitige Unterstützung Psychiatrieerfahrener in Krisenunterkünften – ein Scoping Review

ZusammenfassungZiel Als Alternative zur psychiatrischen Versorgung gibt es v. a. im angloamerikanischen Raum sogenannte Crisis Respites (CR), in denen sich krisen- und genesungserfahrene Menschen (Peers) gegenseitig unterstützen. In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, wie CR aufgebaut sind und mit welchen Ansätzen und Ergebnissen sie evaluiert werden.Methodik Systematische Literaturrecherche. Studien wurden eingeschlossen, auch der „grauen“ Literatur, sofern sie empirisches Material enthielten.Ergebnisse Auswahl von 12 Publikationen mit Bezug zu insgesamt 10 CR. Die Arbeits- und Organisationsformen von CR sind sehr heterogen. Es wurden unterschiedliche Evaluationsansätze (RCT, qualitativ, Mixed-Methods) genutzt.Schlussfolgerung CR sind kein Ersatz für die psychiatrische Versorgung, sondern eine eigene, wirksame Unterstützungsform. Der Einfluss von Peers bei der Umsetzung und Evaluation ist von zentraler Bedeutung, damit ihre Eigenheiten erhalten bleiben.