Texture Structure Research Articles

Evaluation Indexes of Skid Resistance of Epoxy Chip Seal Based on Texture Features at Different Scales

Epoxy chip seals are widely used to improve the skid resistance of cement concrete pavements, which is significantly affected by surface texture. However, current methods for characterizing the surface texture structure are not precise, and the standard is not uniform. Therefore, a high-toughness modified epoxy resin chip seal structure was developed to conduct an indoor accelerated abrasion test. The elevation data of the epoxy chip seal under different abrasion times and different abrasion loads were obtained using laser scanning, and the density/sharpness combination parameters were obtained using the Hilbert–Huang transform and spectral analysis. The correlation between the texture parameters and the dynamic friction coefficient was analyzed using a stepwise multivariate quadratic polynomial method. The results showed that the texture structure of the epoxy chip seal surface is positively distributed, and the macroscopic texture occupies 49.45%, while the probability of the microscopic texture is only 4.55%. Meanwhile, the correlation coefficient between the texture parameters and the dynamic friction coefficient is 0.9307, which demonstrates that the selected texture parameters discard the texture components unrelated to skid resistance performance and reflect the distribution of the pavement texture and the skid resistance performance well.

Research on a novel non-uniform and asymmetric ultrasonic vibration system

Abstract A new type of non-uniform and asymmetric ultrasonic vibration system (UVS) is proposed and applied to the turning process. The research results show that the design theory of the non-uniform and non-symmetric UVS is accurate and reliable. The theoretical design frequency and modal simulation frequency error of ultrasonic vibration turning system is only 2.5%. The designed non-uniform and non-symmetric UVS has excellent vibration performance and stability, and the established simulation model can predict surface microtexture accurately. The vibration mode output by the non-uniform and non-symmetric UVS is longitudinal-bending vibration, and the actual vibration performance is excellent. Compared with conventional cutting, the addition of longitudinal-bending ultrasonic vibration under the same conditions can give the machined surface a microscopic textured structure, reduce surface roughness and water contact angle, and improve surface wettability. The minimum surface roughness obtained in the experiment is 1.005 μm. The orthogonal experiment results show that there is a correlation between the machining parameters, surface micro-structure parameters, surface wettability, and surface roughness.

Self-acceleration effect of Mn/Ce-modified carbide slag in CO2 absorption for CaO/CaCO3 energy storage

Carbide slag, a solid waste from the chlor-alkali industry, can be used for CO2 capture and energy storage. Herein, the cyclic reaction activity of Mn/Ce-modified carbide slag under energy storage conditions was studied. The Mn/Ce-modified carbide slag shows energy storage density over 2100 kJ/kg and CO2 absorption capacity of 0.52 g CO2/g sorbent after 30 cycles. Notably, both carbonation and calcination rates are accelerated with the number of cycles. This self-acceleration effect is related to the evolution of oxygen vacancy concentration and texture structure of Mn/Ce-modified carbide slag during the cycles. In the cycles, CaMnO3 in the Mn/Ce-modified carbide slag reacts with the formed CaCO3 in the carbonation stage to produce more Ca2MnO4. The formation of Ca2MnO4 increases oxygen vacancies in the Mn/Ce-modified carbide slag, significantly enhancing its CO2 absorption capacity. Thus, the release of the increased CO2 in the calcination stage generates more pores in the 10–100 nm diameter range in the modified carbide slag, facilitating rapid carbonation. Thus, the Mn/Ce-modified carbide slag exhibits good prospect for CaO/CaCO3 thermochemical energy storage.

The effect of tape casting parameters on the properties of textured porous silicon nitride ceramics

AbstractA method of enhancing the mechanical properties of porous silicon nitride ceramics by involving texture structure through tape casting was explored. The influence of grain orientation was systematically studied by varying the sintering temperature, casting speed, and gap height. The results indicate that increasing the sintering temperature and casting speed can improve the degree of grain orientation. The mechanical properties of ceramics are significantly affected by the degree of grain orientation, the sample with the highest Lotgering factor demonstrated a flexural strength of 441 ± 12 MPa and a fracture toughness of 5.6 MPa·m1/2 at a porosity of 39%. The relative permittivity of ceramics is predominantly governed by the porosity, with the grain orientation exerting a relatively minor effect.

Improvement of Criminisi’s Stripe Noise Suppression Method for Side-Scan Sonar Images

In response to the problem of stripe noise significantly reducing the clarity and details of side-scan sonar images due to various factors, the authors of this paper propose an improved Criminisi method for stripe noise suppression. To address the issues encountered in the Criminisi algorithm during the suppression of stripe noise in side-scan sonar images, the following steps are suggested: firstly, introduce dynamic weights in the priority calculation to adaptively adjust the confidence and data term weights based on the current patch’s texture complexity; secondly, utilize the Sobel operator in the data term calculation to capture the image edge information more accurately; and, thirdly, optimize the matching block search process by introducing the Manhattan distance in addition to the Sum of Squared Differences (SSD) criterion to further select the best matching block while transitioning from a global search to a local search. Experimental validation was conducted using simulated stripe noise images, comparing the proposed method with four traditional denoising techniques. The results demonstrate that the denoising effectiveness of the proposed method is superior, effectively restoring texture in noisy regions while preserving texture structure integrity. Ablation experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed improvements. Denoising experiments on real noisy images show satisfactory results with this method, and combining it with Fourier transform for additional smoothing in certain cases may yield even better results.

Substitution of NaCl by organic sodium salts in cured large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea): Improvement of the quality and flavor characteristic

For lowering the daily intake of salt, the study evaluated the impact of various organic sodium salts (OSS), including sodium acetate (SA), sodium citrate (SC), and sodium lactate (SL), on the quality and volatile flavor profiles of large yellow croaker. The results showed that the 5 % SC and 5 % SL treatments significantly improved water holding capacity (WHC), texture, and color (p < 0.05). These groups also demonstrated compact microstructures and maintained strong sensory acceptability. However, as the curing concentration increased, protein unfolding and oxidation intensified, and the transition from bound and immobile water to free water was observed. This shift negatively affected WHC, texture, and cell structure. Additionally, gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) identified 27 volatile compounds, with OSS treatments notably enhancing flavor intensity. These findings offer valuable insights for developing low-sodium practices in the seafood industry.

Magnetic field improves the quality of frozen tilapia fillets by decreasing the ice crystals during freezing process

SummaryIn this study, the alternating magnetic field (AMF) with frequency of 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 Hz at magnetic field intensity of 5 mT was used to assist the freezing of tilapia fillets, with no magnetic field (NMF) as a control group. The evaluation of thawed tilapia fillets encompassed an assessment of freezing curve, texture, microstructure, moisture state and protein structure, followed by a subsequent analysis of their correlation. The findings showed that the application of a magnetic field during the freezing process yielded favourable outcomes in enhancing the overall quality of tilapia fillets. Among them, 200 Hz had the best effect. Under the condition, the frozen tilapia fillets assisted by magnetic field showed the shortest freezing time, the least decrease in hardness and elasticity and the best chewiness after thawing. The size of the ice crystals generated during freezing was small and uniform, and the fractal dimension of the frozen sections was the highest. Muscle tissue was the least damaged, which led to the improvement of its water‐holding capacity. Magnetic field‐assisted freezing was found to maintain the α‐helix and β‐sheet in the secondary structure of proteins. The correlation analysis showed that cohesion, elasticity, fractal dimension, FD, A2, A22 and β‐turn were closely related to the quality changes of tilapia fillets after magnetic field treatment.

Part-Scale Thermomechanical and Grain Structure Modeling for Additive Manufacturing: Status and Perspectives

Thermomechanical modeling of additively manufactured parts made by laser powder bed fusion aims to control stresses and distortions built during processing. This is, by nature, a multiscale metallurgical and mechanical problem, notably due to the strong texture of the grain structure that results from the process and may locally dictate the thermomechanical behavior law. Similarly, stresses and distortions are directly influenced by the heat transfer process at the system scale, including the consequences of the link between the part and the substrate and the weaker interactions with the powder bed and the gas environment. To achieve relevant modeling, we first demonstrate capabilities to assess at part scale, both i- the prediction of the grain structure and ii- the thermomechanical analyses. A discussion follows that summarizes the foreseen directions to achieve coupling and/or chaining between grain structure simulations and mechanical analyses at part scale.

Effect of Aeromonas hydrophila infection on leptin receptor overlapping transcript expression in Rana amurensis

The leptin receptor overlapping transcript (LepROT) has been suggested to play several roles in immunomodulatory mechanisms; however, the understanding of its role in Rana amurensis immunity is still very limited. Here, we performed hematoxylin-eosin staining, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence and western blotting to investigate the roles of LepROT in the immunomodulatory mechanism and the influence of its expression on the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, such as the activation of IκB kinase and NF-кB, in amphibian resistance to infection with Aeromonas hydrophila (Ah). After Ah infection, the liver, lung, kidney, skin, muscle, and stomach of R. amurensis showed cell structure disturbance, bleeding, and texture abnormalities. In addition, the relative expression levels of LepROT, NF-кB, IKKα, and IKKβ were all upregulated after Ah infection; however, they showed time-dependent differential expression. The NF-кB signaling pathway exhibited robust expression levels, which might be explained by the positive feedback regulation function of LepROT. Overall, this study provides a basis for further assessment of the biological functions of LepROT and highlights its role in the regulation of immune mechanisms.

Enhancement of structural properties of 3D-printed plant-based meat analogs by TGase/laccase

As we all know, achieving the desirable texture and fibrous structure of 3D-printed meat analogs has been challenging. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of transglutaminase (TGase) or laccase on printability, texture, and structure of 3D-printed soy protein isolate (SPI) -wheat gluten (WG) -insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) plant-based meat analogs (PBMA). Results showed that TGase significantly improved the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of PBMA (p < 0.05), whereas laccase exhibited an opposite trend. The tensile strength and elongation at break were increased by TGase or laccase, with laccase exhibiting better effect (9.37 ± 0.25 kPa, 63.16 ± 3.18%). The interaction of laccase and IDF resulted in the maximum value of apparent viscosity and disulfide bond content, which hindered the movement of printed materials through the printing nozzle, and potentially led to PBMA incomplete-structure. Synergistic effect of TGase and IDF has been shown to enhance the content of hydrogen, hydrophobic, and disulfide bonds. This combination readily induced an increase in α-helix and β-sheet formations, promoting a more orderly development of the protein structure, consequently, the internal architecture became more uniform and densely packed. These results indicated that TGase treatment combined with IDF might be a novel and promising strategy to enhance the texture and structure of PBMA.

Fabrication of high-quality surface microtextures on GaN by femtosecond laser direct writing

Gallium nitride (GaN), as a third-generation semiconductor, is highly attractive due to its exceptional physical and chemical properties. Laser direct writing offers an efficient method for the precise processing of hard and brittle materials. In this work, various types of surface microtexture were processed on GaN epilayers using a femtosecond laser with a wavelength of 1030 nm. The effects of the laser energy, single-pulse interval, number of pulses, and number of scan passes on groove machining were investigated with a view to achieving high-quality micromachining. The depth, width, surface morphology, and roughness of the grooves were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Damage and stress were characterized at the microscale using Raman spectroscopy. High-quality precision machining of different types of periodic surface microtexture at 40 mW laser power was achieved by controlling the process parameters and laser trajectory. Finally, an initial exploration was conducted to examine vector-light-based micro- and nanostructure processing. The findings demonstrate the potential of femtosecond lasers for efficient micromachining of hard and brittle materials without the creation of heat-affected zones or microcracks. The high-quality textured structures achieved through this processing technique have broad and promising applications in optoelectronic devices and tribology.

Microstructure and strength of cold-drawn large strain Fe35Ni35Cr20Mn10 high-entropy alloy

The Fe35Ni35Cr20Mn10 high-entropy alloy wires can achieve a large strain of 8.73 and a section reduction ratio of 99.98 %,and possess a high strength of 1868 MPa via traditional wire drawing. The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of cold-drawn Fe35Ni35Cr20Mn10 high-entropy alloy are characterized by microstructure observation and tensile test. The results showed that The Fe35Ni35Cr20Mn10 HEA has excellent plastic forming capacity and excellent phase stability during plastic deformation. The Fe35Ni35Cr20Mn10 HEA has excellent continuous drawing ability, the main deformation mechanism is the plane slip and cross slip of the dislocation and the dynamic recovery of the sublamellar layer make the lamellar structure maintain a dynamic equilibrium state, and the lamellar thickness is basically unchanged to support the continuous plastic deformation under high strain conditions. The dynamic balance of coarsening and refining of lamellar structure in the process of plastic deformation is mainly due to the merging of HEA lamellar caused by the movement of trigeminal node induced by strain. Texture evolution showed that the <111> and <100> fiber textures were the stable texture component and the texture component content remained unchanged even under further increased strain. The Fe35Ni35Cr20Mn10 high-entropy alloy wire with high strain of 8.73 possesses excellent strength, and its tensile strength is 1868 MPa at room temperature, which has the largest strain. The dislocations proliferation, lamellar structure refinement and texture strengthening lead to high strength of the Fe35Ni35Cr20Mn10 high-entropy alloy wire.

Synergistic application of digital outcrop characterization techniques and deep learning algorithms in geological exploration

In order to meet the needs of geologists for the analysis of data characterizing field outcrops (rock sections or formations exposed on the ground surface), this study developed a field digital outcrop visualization platform based on Cesium (a 3D geospatial visualization technology) digital outcrop characterization technology. The platform was developed based on WebGL (a protocol for rendering interactions on web pages), which overcame the shortcomings of traditional software in terms of visualization, cross-device, cross-platform, and ease of use. Firstly, UAV inclined photography is used for data collection, which transforms a large amount of geological data into an intuitive 3D geological model, while the visualization platform provides rich measurement and mapping tools for the identified features, which more intuitively displays the outcrop information, helps geological explorers to understand the geological conditions in the field more quickly and comprehensively, and improves the analysis efficiency and ease-of-use of outcrop characterization data. Combined with the improved VGG19 (a deep convolutional neural network architecture) algorithm model, it has excellent performance in dealing with the fine texture and complex structure of rocks, which significantly improves the accuracy of lithology identification. The synergistic application of this technology provides geologists with a faster and more comprehensive means to understand the geological conditions in the field. The reliability of combining the Cesium digital outcrop characterization technology with the VGG19 lithology identification algorithm in geological exploration is verified through case studies. The synergistic application of this technology will greatly enhance the efficiency and ease of analysis of outcrop characterization in the field, and provide new perspectives for future research in geosciences.

Study on the transient performance of textured water-lubricated bearings considering different acceleration conditions

This study analyses the transient friction dynamics behavior of water-lubricated bearings (WLBs) with a textured structure, which explains the mechanism of texture structure influencing the hydrodynamic effect of WLB in the physical aspect. A comparison of experimental and numerical data is carried out to validate the proposed mixed lubrication model with a textured structure for WLBs. The effects of texture type, texture angle, acceleration mode, and acceleration time on the nonlinear friction dynamics properties of WLBs are investigated. The result shows that various texture structures exhibit distinct pumping effects and that the optimal friction dynamics performance of WLBs can be achieved by adopting the right herringbone texture and an acceptable texture angle. It is advisable to utilize the reverse S-shaped acceleration mode, as it may efficiently mitigate hydrodynamic shock, minimize frictional contact at the initial startup stage, and control the rotor's vibration in later stages. The brief acceleration time may result in a transient shock that hampers proper lubrication, consequently affecting the stable operation of WLBs. The study's findings offer helpful suggestions for the enhanced design of WLB structures and the mitigation of wear and vibration.

Spatially adaptive oscillation total generalized variation for image restoration with structured textures

Cartoon and texture are the main components of an image, and decomposing them has gained much attention in various image restoration tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel infimal convolution type model based on total generalized variation (TGV) and spatially adaptive oscillation TGV to address cartoon-texture restoration problems. The proposed spatially adaptive oscillation TGV regularizer is capable of capturing structured textures with different orientations and frequencies in localized regions. Additionally, we incorporate the second-order tensor TGV to regularize the orientation and frequency parameter. The lower semicontinuity of the new functional is established and the existence of the solutions to the proposed model is analyzed. Furthermore, we discuss suitable discretizations of the proposed model, and introduce the alternating minimization algorithm where each subproblem can be implemented by the primal-dual method. Numerical experiments on image decomposition, denoising and inpainting demonstrate that the proposed model excels in preserving textures and is competitive against existing variational and learning-based models.

Research on Image Inpainting Algorithm Based on Self-Attention Mechanism

Abstract This paper presents a two-path image coloring network based on generative adversarial networks to address structure loss and texture blurring in image coloring. The network uses a modified residual network and adds long-term and short-term attention mechanisms in the decoding stage. The input picture is identified using a patch discriminator. The algorithm is validated using the Places2 dataset and its restoration results are evaluated using image evaluation methods. Experiments show that the larger the occluded region, the better the results. The algorithm improves psnr and ssim values by about 2% and 15% compared to traditional algorithms, and the images repaired are clearer and more realistic.

A low-dose CT image denoising method based on state space model

Abstract Low-dose CT medical imaging techniques introduce noise while reducing radiation risks, necessitating denoising processing. However, existing mainstream denoising methods face a difficult trade-off between preserving image detail information and accurately removing noise. To address this issue, we propose a low-dose CT image denoising method based on a state space model. Firstly, a dynamic edge information enhancement module is introduced to automatically extract edge information from images using a learnable LoG operator and fuse it into feature layers at different scales to suppress edge information loss caused by denoising processes. Secondly, a U-net encoder based on state space estimation is designed to dynamically model spatial relationships between pixels through neighborhood filtering, enabling consideration of local differences in pixel values during denoising and better preservation of edges and textures. Compared to existing denoising methods, our approach achieves stable noise removal in low-dose CT images while preserving the original texture structure.

A novel strategy to achieve uniform ultrafine grains in Mg-Al-Sn-Ca alloy via pre-twinning combined with differential-thermal asymmetric extrusion

Obtaining fine grains with weak textures is an efficacious way of simultaneously improving the strength and ductility of magnesium (Mg) alloys. In this paper, an Mg-Al-Sn-Ca alloy with uniformly ultrafine grains and a weak texture has been prepared via pre-twinning followed by differential-thermal asymmetric extrusion (DAE). The alloy exhibits good strength and ductility (ultimate tensile strength: ∼381 MPa; elongation: ∼22 %). The results show that {102} tensile twins significantly promote dynamic recrystallization (DRX) during DAE, which beneficial for the formation of uniform fine grain structure and weak bimodal texture. This research provides valuable insights and methods for tailoring excellent mechanical properties of Mg alloys, facilitating their practical application in various engineering scenarios.

Physical properties of cement composite with monoethanolamine

This study analyzed the fluidity, air content, flexural strength, compressive strength and carbon dioxide adsorption performance of cement, furnace slag and fly ash-based cement composite using appropriate substitution values of MEA derived from preliminary experiments. Fluidity and air content were found to increase as the fly ash substitution rate increases. It is believed that the increases are due to the fly ash ball bearing effect in combination with the creation of micropores by MEA. The compressive strength was found to decrease with lower furnace slag substitution ratios. This is believed to have resulted because the Pozzolanic reaction of the fly ash plays a more dominant role in determining the compressive strength than does the latent hydraulic activity of furnace slag as the furnace slag substitution rate is decreased. It is determined that the compressive strength was reduced because the Pozzolanic reaction reduces the density of the texture and pore structure of the interfacial transition zone. Carbon dioxide values increase as the furnace slag substitution rate was increased.

Bimodal structure formation and texture transition mechanism in laser remelted Mg–Al-based alloy

Texture inheritance, texture weakening, and a complete texture transition within different solidified molten pool (MP) have been achieved by manipulating various processing parameters of conduction mode in laser remelted magnesium-aluminum (Mg–Al)-based AZ31 alloy. At a low laser power (P = 100 W), restricted number of temperature gradient directions on moving solid/liquid (S/L) interfaces within small MP leads to strong texture inheritance. Tilting angles 20°–45° away from building direction (B.D.) in {0001} plane is a preferential growth direction of texture inheritance. In contrast, spontaneous texture weakening has occurred due to frequently varied temperature gradient directions within increasing MP size in higher P cases. Meanwhile, increasing scanning speed V has a significant effect on weakening the texture as well as refining grains in the solidified MP. Furthermore, fine grains formation with random orientations in MP bottom at both high P (400 W) and high V (20, 30, and 50 mm/s) leads to the occurrence of a bimodal structure, which is affected by solidification characteristics as well as thermal convection. For the case of the highest P and the highest V, a texture transition has occurred as tilting angles of 45°–90° away from B.D. in {0001} plane within MP, compared to 0°–45° texture of base material for the Mg–Al-based alloy in the study.