Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling Research Articles

Determinants of customer’s intention to use ride-hailing services in Kathmandu Valley

This study identifies the key factors influencing the adoption of ride-hailing services in Kathmandu Valley, guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The research examines how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control affect the intention to use ride-hailing services, and how these intentions translate into actual usage behavior. A quantitative method was adopted, with 389 respondents from Kathmandu Valley, using a structured questionnaire designed to capture TPB constructs. Data analysis was performed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to validate the questionnaires and assess the hypothesized relationships. The findings indicate that both attitude and perceived behavioral control significantly impact the intention to use ride-hailing services. Furthermore, intention was found to be a strong predictor of actual usage behavior. However, subjective norms did not exhibit a significant effect on the intention to use ride-hailing services in this context. This study provides insights into the behavioral drivers of ride-hailing service adoption, offering valuable information for ride-sharing and hailing mobility services to boost their business and for government institutions to regulate accordingly. As ride-hailing is growing in Nepal, future investors and enterprises would benefit from adopting various strategies to attract customers, focusing on the key factors that influence service adoption. For future research, expanding the sample size and incorporating additional contextual factors would enhance the understanding of ride-hailing adoption across different regions.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Technology in Crisis Management, Startup Growth, and Sustainable Future

This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology on crisis management, startup growth, and sustainability in the Indian business landscape. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional research design, data was collected from 123 research and development (R&D) employees across various enterprises. The study employs Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze relationships between key constructs. The results indicate that AI plays a crucial role in enhancing crisis management and business resilience (β = 0.553, p = 0.000), while effective crisis management positively influences long-term sustainability (β = 0.272, p = 0.000). Additionally, blockchain technology is a key driver of startup growth (β = 0.684, p = 0.000), and growing startups significantly contribute to a sustainable future (β = 0.689, p = 0.000). The findings highlight the transformative potential of AI and blockchain in navigating business uncertainties, fostering innovation, and driving sustainable development. The study offers practical implications for business leaders, policymakers, and entrepreneurs in leveraging emerging technologies for long-term resilience and success.

How service encounter tempo shapes emotions and satisfaction among Taiwanese Gen Y diners in luxury restaurants

Purpose This study aims to explore the perceptions of young consumers, a rapidly growing market segment in Taiwan’s restaurant industry, and analyze the composition and structure of background music alongside the physical environment in luxury restaurants. This study identifies key factors that significantly influence customer emotions and examine the moderating effect of service encounter pace on customer emotions and satisfaction for offering practitioners practical insights to enhance young consumers’ dining experiences. Design/methodology/approach This study used partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) for hypothesis testing. The research model was evaluated within the context of luxury restaurants, and moderation analyses were conducted to assess the impact of service encounter pace on customer satisfaction. Findings The study reveals that luxury restaurants’ physical environment and background music significantly affect pleasure and arousal. Notably, arousal positively influences customer satisfaction, while pleasure does not. The findings also support that service encounter pace creates a fully moderated effect between customer emotion (pleasure and arousal) and customer satisfaction. Practical implications The findings assist luxury restaurant management in developing effective servicescapes that evoke positive customer emotions and establish an optimal service encounter pace, thereby enhancing overall customer satisfaction. Originality/value This study enriches our understanding of the dining experiences of Taiwanese Gen Y consumers in luxury restaurants. It also sheds light on emerging hospitality trends and explores the perceptions of younger generations, potentially including Generation Z.

The Influence of Knowledge Management and Learning Organization on Competitive Advantage in Startups in Malang City with Organizational Creativity as a Mediating Variable (A Study on Startup Companies at Stasion Malang)

This study explores the impact of learning organization and knowledge management on competitive advantage, with organizational creativity as a mediating variable, within Malang’s startup ecosystem. Using a quantitative approach and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), data were collected from 104 startups. Results reveal that Learning Organization (β=0.289, p0.05) and Knowledge Management (β=0.260, p0.05) significantly enhance Competitive Advantage. Both Learning Organization (β=0.249, p0.05) and Knowledge Management (β=0.523, p0.05) positively influence Organizational Creativity, which subsequently strengthens Competitive Advantage (β=0.374, p0.05). Organizational Creativity partially mediates the impact of Learning Organization (β=0.093, p0.05) and Knowledge Management (β=0.196, p0.05) on Competitive Advantage. The model shows that 50.9% of what affects creativity in organizations and 65.5% of what affects their competitive advantage can be understood from the data. This highlights how important creativity and knowledge are for staying competitive over time. Findings emphasize the strategic value for startups in integrating learning and knowledge frameworks to maintain competitive positioning. Findings emphasize the strategic value for startups in integrating learning and knowledge frameworks to maintain competitive positioning. These insights apply not just to startups but also to industries like manufacturing, healthcare, and education. By focusing on learning, managing knowledge well, and encouraging creativity, these sectors can boost innovation, work more efficiently, and become more adaptable. This will help them stay competitive over time.

Impact of the organizational dimension of workplace friendship on knowledge management processes: an Islamic higher education perspective

Purpose This study aims to examine how the organizational dimension of workplace friendships (WFs), which involves factors such as the opportunity for and prevalence of friendships, affects the knowledge management (KM) processes within public Islamic universities. These processes encompass knowledge generation, storage, sharing and application. Design/methodology/approach The study data were obtained through an extensive survey method as part of a cross-sectional investigation. A total of 280 responses were collected for the final analysis from faculty members affiliated with a public Islamic university in Mosul city, located in northern Iraq. The data were initially analyzed using SPSSv26, and PLS-SEM analysis was performed using SmartPLSv3.9. This validated the measures’ reliability and validity and tested the hypothesized relationships. Findings The analysis using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) confirms that all the proposed pathways are consistent with the conceptual model presented in this study. In particular, the organizational dimension of WFs, including the opportunities for and prevalence of friendships, has a positive and significant influence on the KM processes. Practical implications The empirical insights of this study hold significant value for policymakers, managerial professionals and academics in Islamic universities in developing countries. These insights can enhance their administrative and academic performance by offering guidance on effectively dealing with positive friendship behaviors and understanding their effect on KM processes. Originality/value The significance of this paper is underscored by the scarcity of literature investigating the influence of the organizational dimension of WF on KM processes, particularly within the Islamic higher education context. Therefore, this study presents a novel and distinct approach.

How Does Digital Capability Shape Resilient Supply Chains?—Evidence from China’s Electric Vehicle Manufacturing Industry

In recent years, the rapid advancement of digital technologies and the growing demand for sustainability have driven unprecedented transformations in the automotive industry, particularly toward electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy. The EV supply chain, a complex global network, has become increasingly vulnerable to globalization and frequent “black swan” events. The purpose of this study, grounded in organizational information processing theory, aims to systematically examine the role of digital capability in strengthening supply chain resilience (SCR) through improved risk management effectiveness. Specifically, it explores the multidimensional nature of digital capability, clarifies its distinct impact on SCR, and addresses existing research gaps in this domain. To achieve this, this study develops a theoretical framework and validates it using survey data collected from 249 EV supply chain enterprises in China. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) is employed to empirically test the proposed relationships. The findings provide valuable theoretical insights and actionable guidance for EV manufacturers seeking to leverage digital transformation to mitigate risks effectively and enhance supply chain resilience. However, as the study focuses on Chinese EV supply chain enterprises, caution is needed when generalizing the findings to other regions. Future research could extend this investigation to different markets, such as to Europe and the United States, to explore potential variations.

Green transformational leadership and green management practices-based environmental stewardship: a SEM model with mediation and parallel moderation effects

Purpose This study aims to address the link between green transformational leadership (GTL) and green management practices (GMPs) to achieve environmental stewardship (ES) in modern organizations while exploring the mediating role of digital transformation readiness (DTR) and moderating roles of eco-friendly technology adoption (ETA) and tacit knowledge (TK). Design/methodology/approach An empirical study comprising of a sample data of 354 professionals was analysed on partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) 4.0 software. The hypotheses were developed using the perspectives from natural resource-based view theory and tested using a three-wave design. Findings The major findings showed that GTL significantly impacted ES. The direct effect of GMP on ES is substantial. DTR serves as an important mediator in the link between GTL and GMP. The moderator variable ETA has a considerable impact on the link between GMP and ES. Furthermore, TK also acts as a substantial moderator in the link between GMP and ES. Practical implications Encouraging ES may ultimately help organizations enhance corporate reputation and increase operational efficiency and cost savings. It would help enrich employee engagement and improve retention by fostering innovation. Originality/value This study is a unique attempt to explore the complex interrelationships leading towards ES with a three-wave design including the interplay of the technology evolution in the organizational culture with DTR and ETA and knowledge management with TK.

Surrogate Entrepreneurship and Artificial Intelligence Driven Accounting: Shaping a Sustainable Future through Digital Start-ups

This study examines the impact of innovative technology, artificial intelligence (AI) driven accounting, and surrogate entrepreneurship on fostering a sustainable future, with a focus on digital start-ups. Surrogate entrepreneurship refers to managing ventures on behalf of other entities rather than for personal ownership. Digital start-ups can harness advanced technologies like blockchain and AI to improve transparency, accuracy, and efficiency in accounting practices. Data were gathered through a structured questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale from 354 respondents, including entrepreneurs, accountants, business managers, and auditors in Southern Rajasthan. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized to analyze complex relationships between latent and observable variables. The results indicate that innovative technology, AI-driven accounting, and surrogate entrepreneurship significantly influence sustainable futures, accounting for 64.4% of the variance in digital start-ups' contributions to sustainability. These findings provide valuable managerial insights into sustainable finance strategies and underscore the critical moderating roles of digital start-ups and surrogate entrepreneurship in driving sustainable development.

Analysis of the Effect of Mission on Innovative Performance in Improving Organization Performance in Employees of PT Bank SulutGo

This study examines the influence of Mission on Innovative Performance and its impact on Organization Performance at PT Bank SulutGo, with Consistency, Adaptability, and Involvement as mediating variables. Using a quantitative approach and Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), data were collected from 160 employees across four branches. The findings reveal that Mission significantly and positively influences Consistency, Adaptability, and Involvement, supporting hypotheses H1, H2, and H3. However, the direct effect of Mission on Innovative Performance is insignificant (H4), suggesting that while the mission is foundational, its direct impact on innovation is limited unless effectively socialized across the organization. The mediating roles of Involvement (H5) and Consistency (H7) are significant, highlighting their importance in driving Innovative Performance. Employee involvement fosters a sense of ownership, motivating employees to contribute innovative ideas, while consistency ensures cost efficiency and value creation. However, Adaptability does not mediate the relationship between Mission and Innovative Performance (H6), indicating that structured procedures may limit employees ability to innovate outside their comfort zones. Finally, Innovative Performance has a strong and significant positive impact on Organization Performance (H8), demonstrating that successful innovation enhances financial performance, customer satisfaction, and the company reputation. This study underscores the critical role of Mission in shaping organizational culture and employee behavior, while emphasizing the importance of Involvement and Consistency as key drivers of innovation. For PT Bank SulutGo, fostering a mission-oriented culture that encourages employee engagement and consistent practices can significantly enhance Innovative Performance, ultimately leading to improved Organization Performance.

Examining Leadership, Digital Adaptation, Organizational Culture, and Lecturer Performance as the Predictors of Enhancing Competitiveness of Cyber Islamic University

Objective: Present study examines leaderships, digital adaptation, organizational culture, and lecturer performance as the predictors of the enhancing competitiveness of cyber Islamic university. Theoretical Framework: Competitiveness is particularly crucial for cyber Islamic universities, which operate in a rapidly evolving landscape where technology and academic excellence intersect. The competitiveness of cyber Islamic universities, however, particularly in Indonesia, remains relatively low compared to their conventional counterparts. This challenge is influenced by some predictive factors, including leadership inefficiencies, inadequate digital adaptation, a less conducive organizational culture, and suboptimal lecturer performance. Method: A non-experimental survey study was conducted on 68 lecturers and 332 college students at two public Islamic universities in West Java, Indonesia using a valid and reliable questionnaire. A partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the data supported by smartPLS version 4. Results and Discussion: Results showed that leaderships and digital adaptation have positive significant effect on organizational culture. Moreover, organizational culture and lecturer performance have positive significant effect on the enhancing competitiveness of cyber Islamic universities. Research Implications: As a consequence, actionable strategies should be conducted by policymakers in Islamic higher education in Indonesia to enhance the competitiveness of cyber Islamic universities by developing transformational leaderships, investing in digital adaptation, fostering a strong and cohesive organizational culture, and enhancing lecturer performance. Originality/Value: The study provides actionable insights for policymakers, administrators, and educators within the field of higher education. It contributes to the literature by offering a holistic perspective that addresses both indirect and direct pathways to competitiveness.

Going Green: Effect of Dynamic Capability, Innovation, and Supply Chain Agility in Fostering Supply Chain Management in SDGs Context

Objective: This study investigates how green innovation and dynamic capacities impact agro-allied enterprises' Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) practices in Nigeria, as well as shift focus on the mediating function of supply chain agility. Theoretical Framework: Rising environmental consciousness is capturing the interest of business stakeholders in the face of fiercer competition, builds the efforts to attain green development practices, which is also prompting consideration of the potential impact on businesses. Method: This study employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze data from 264 randomly selected respondents employed in Nigerian agro-allied enterprises using a structured Likert scale survey. Results and Discussion: The study's results indicate a positive correlation between green supply chain management practices and green innovation as well as green dynamic capabilities. Research Implications: This research indicates that supply chain agility is an essential mediating factor enhancing the GSCM practices of agro-allied firms. Adopting environmentally friendly methods in their operations can help people who work in agro-allied firms better understand how important green innovation and dynamic green capability are for improving supply chain management. Originality/Value: The originality of the present study was the emerging linkage of the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory, which emphasizes that businesses that care about the environment can gain a long-term competitive edge by using green development practices while developing their green capabilities, even while aligning to sustainable development goals.

INSTAGRAM FILTERS FOR THE FASHION INDUSTRY : THE MEDIATING ROLE OF PURCHASE INTENTION ON CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly transformed consumer behavior, shifting towards online shopping. This transformation has limited consumers’ ability to physically try on products. This study aims to determine the extent to which Instagram filters, specifically augmented reality (AR) try-on filters, influence consumer purchase intention and the level of engagement they generate among users for fashion products. Employing a quantitative approach, this research collected data from 307 active Instagram users who frequently utilize filters, using a Likert scale questionnaire (1-5). The variables examined include Instagram filters, customer engagement, and purchase intention. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) through WarpPLS Version 8.0. The findings reveal a significant positive influence of Instagram filters on customer engagement, mediated by purchase intention.

The Impact of Human Resource Information System Automation on Efficiency and Performance in Tanzania’s Public Universities

This study assessed the impact of the Human Resource Information System in enhancing organisational performance at the University of Dar es Salaam and Mbeya University of Science and Technology in Tanzania. Adopting a quantitative research design, the study employed a census approach to collect data from 204 purposively selected supervisors in both universities. Descriptive analysis and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) were utilized for the data analysis. The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between HRIS automation services and organisational performance, with a regression coefficient of 0.220 and a p-value of 0.000, signifying that increased HRIS automation services enhance performance. The study concludes that HRIS automation is integral to organisational performance and recommends strengthening ICT infrastructure, fostering employee engagement through training and resource allocation, and implementing evaluation mechanisms to align HRIS with institutional objectives. These measures will enhance HRIS efficiency and contribute to improved institutional effectiveness.

MODELING THE CONDITION OF TACTICAL PLANNING IN THE SYSTEM OF CIRCULAR BUSINESS MODELS OF ENTERPRISES

This study investigates the implementation conditions, content, and features of tactical planning within the framework of circular business models in enterprises. It aims to identify effective methods, techniques, tools, and approaches for developing tactical plans in the system of circular business models of enterprises. Methodological provisions were employed to analyse approaches to tactical planning in circular business models. The primary focus was on evaluating the effectiveness of tactical planning, which is determined by the use of appropriate planning methods, adherence to implementation principles, and the application of relevant planning tools (technologies) in the context of the circular economy. This effectiveness is reflected in various performance indicators of the enterprise. To assess the state of tactical planning in circular business models, economic and mathematical modeling was conducted using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). PLS-SEM facilitated the establishment of relationships between observed variables, including digital innovations, tactical planning mechanism methodology, and the effectiveness of circular enterprise models. The modeling results confirmed the hypotheses regarding the impact of digital technologies on the methodology of the tactical planning mechanism in the system of circular business models of enterprises. Key digital technologies identified as significant and effective include artificial intelligence (AI), green supply chain management (ML), and social media marketing (SMM). The methodology of the tactical planning mechanism was found to have the greatest impact on enterprise profit, transaction costs, and the utilization of industrial solid waste. Model validation results, based on quality criteria, indicated the absence of multicollinearity and highlighted the need to increase the number of variables to achieve a higher level of consistency in the regression model. The elimination of variables associated with unconfirmed hypotheses will optimize the model structure, normalize residuals, and reduce the average residual value between the observed and implicit covariance (correlation) matrix (SRMR).

Effect of Transformational Leadership to Increase Quality of Care with Structural Empowerment and Work Engagement as Mediatin

Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of transformational leadership (TL) on the quality of care (QoC), with structural empowerment (SE) and work engagement (WE) as mediating variables. Method: A quantitative, cross-sectional approach was employed in a Type B private hospital in South Jakarta. Data were collected from 175 general practitioners and nurses who had been working for at least one year in their respective units. The analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results and Discussion: The findings indicate that TL does not directly improve QoC but does so through full mediation by SE. TL positively influences WE, and WE significantly enhances QoC. However, WE does not mediate the relationship between TL and QoC. These results suggest that SE plays a crucial role in facilitating the positive impact of TL on QoC, while the direct impact of WE remains limited. Research Implications: This study contributes to managerial knowledge by emphasizing the importance of leadership strategies that focus on structural empowerment to enhance QoC. Hospital management should prioritize fostering SE to maximize the benefits of TL and improve healthcare outcomes. Originality/Value: This study provides new insights into the mediating roles of SE and WE in the relationship between TL and QoC, highlighting SE as a key factor in improving QoC within hospital settings.

The influence of sponsorship effectiveness on consumer perceptions and purchasing behavior in esports

PurposeWith the rise of esports, research on the perceived fit between esports sponsors and events remains limited. This study uses the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) to investigate how the perceived fit between sponsors and esports events effects brand awareness, consumer attitudes and purchasing behavior, aiming to offer insights for more effective marketing strategies.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 245 participants during the Taipei Game Show 2024, using purposive sampling of individuals aged 18 and above. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with Smart PLS 4.0.1.6 to examine the relationships among perceived fit, brand awareness, consumer attitudes and purchasing behavior, and to investigate the mediating effects.FindingsThe results discovered that brand awareness, perceived fit and consumer attitudes had significant positive effects on purchasing behavior, explaining 75% of its variance. Additionally, perceived fit positively affected both brand awareness and consumer attitude. Mediating effect showed that both brand awareness and consumer attitude play significant mediating roles between perceived fit and purchasing behavior, with consumer attitude having a stronger mediating effect.Originality/valueThis study highlights to the limited body of research on esports sponsorships by demonstrating that perceived sponsor-event fit is crucial for enhancing brand awareness, advancing positive consumer attitudes and driving purchasing behavior. The ELM framework highlights the importance of central and peripheral routes in influencing consumer decisions, offering strategies for companies to optimize sponsorship effectiveness and improve brand competitiveness.

Relationship between internal legal compliance culture, leadership style, organizational trust, and employee engagement in Vietnam’s banking sector

This study was conducted to explore and measure the relationship between leadership style, internal legal compliance culture, organizational trust, and employee engagement in the banking sector from the perspective of managerial perceptions. Data were collected through a survey of 386 managers currently working at 35 commercial banks in Vietnam. The results of the two-stage partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis indicate that managers’ leadership styles have a positive impact on the implementation of internal legal compliance culture and enhance employee engagement. Additionally, the enforcement of internal legal compliance culture positively increases organizational trust, which in turn influences employee engagement in the banking industry. The study’s findings provide empirical evidence on the influence of leadership style and the implementation of internal legal compliance culture on promoting stability and sustainable development in the banking sector of emerging economies. At the same time, the study emphasizes that a strong internal legal compliance culture not only ensures regulatory adherence but also fosters a work environment where employees feel valued and secure. When employees perceive that their organization operates ethically and transparently, they are more likely to develop a sense of engagement, thereby strengthening their overall involvement. This heightened engagement can lead to improved job performance, lower turnover rates, and greater organizational efficiency in the banking sector. AcknowledgmentThe authors would like to thank the Editor-in-Chief and a reviewer for their helpful comments that, in our view, have helped to improve the quality of the manuscript significantly. Besides, this study is the result of collaboration between researchers from the University of Law, Hue University, and School of Business and Economics, Duy Tan University. The authors would like to thank both institutions for their support and facilitation in the publication of this research.

Head-Mounted Tablets on the Shop Floor — An Augmented Reality Acceptance Model: A Pilot Study

Head-mounted tablets (HMTs), a type of augmented reality (AR) wearable device that is worn on the head like glasses, have gained vast attention in the manufacturing industry as they enable workers to receive hands-free support. For emerging technologies, it could be useful to predict their acceptance among potential users. Hence, various researchers have utilized the technology acceptance model (TAM) to forecast such acceptance, in the past decade also including HMTs and other AR smart glasses. In this research, an exploratory model is developed to investigate which factors allow to predict a future acceptance of HMTs for training new employees on the shop floor. After collecting 46 survey responses and applying a partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach, the findings indicate that the protection of personal data and satisfaction with the technology significantly influence the usage of HMTs among new employees. Furthermore, a significant effect was found for experience and ease of use.

Distributed leadership and team ambidexterity: unpacking the sequential mediation of team climate innovation and knowledge management in teams

Distributed leadership and team ambidexterity: unpacking the sequential mediation of team climate innovation and knowledge management in teams

Integrating ESG into competitive strategies: The role of employee behavior, organizational culture, and communication in Thailand’s automotive industry

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between employee behavior, organizational culture, and environmental communications, and the practice of ESG and organizational competitiveness in the automotive industry in Thailand using a quantitative study that utilized a questionnaire-based sampling method on 400 perspectives of automobile industry employees. The data analysis applied the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The study results offer evidence that employee environmental behavior has a direct effect on ESG practices and organizational competitiveness among the three factors of employee environmental behavior, organizational culture, and environmental communication as mediating variables. This study shows that to create ESG practices in Thailand’s automotive industry, companies should build an organizational culture focused on sustainable practices, encourage pro-environment behavior among employees, and emphasize the importance of organizational communication. This practical study can serve as a roadmap for optimizing the international competitiveness of organizations and is of interest to the business sector, investors, and regulators in order to create appropriate relevance for the future of the automotive industry in accordance with ESG standards.