Structural Equation Modeling Research Articles

Livelihood capital access and sustainable livelihood outcomes of park adjacent communities in Uganda

PurposeThe paper aims at investigating the association between dimensions of livelihood capital access including financial, human, physical, natural, social, cultural, institutional capital access and sustainable livelihood outcomes – improved well-being. The study aims at establishing whether livelihood capital access enhances the livelihoods of national park adjacent communities in Uganda.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed a quantitative approach and cross-sectional research design. A theoretically driven model was tested on data from 364 respondents from Uganda Community Tourism Association (UCOTA). Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to test relationships between the study variables.FindingsThe results indicate that among the seven distinct forms of capital access, financial, human, physical and social capital are the most crucial. Accessing financial, human, physical and social capital has been shown to significantly enhance the livelihoods of communities residing adjacent to national parks.Originality/valueThis study adds to the body of sustainable livelihoods literature by highlighting how access to livelihood capital impacts the sustainable livelihoods. The research suggests prioritizing the improvement of access to financial, human, physical and social resources, with a particular emphasis on integrating livelihood capital access into livelihood and tourism policies.

Stay positive, keep them committed: extending the link between positive leadership and affective commitment

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of positive leadership (PL), a theory originating from positive psychology, on affective commitment (AC), an important outcome in times of skilled labor shortages. This study also examines psychological need satisfaction (PNS) and well-being as serial mediators between PL and AC.Design/methodology/approachA 2-wave-study with 282 employees of a German company in the finance and insurance sector was conducted. The data were analyzed using covariance analytic structural equation modeling with RStudio.FindingsThe results suggest that PL improves AC. Additionally, PNS and well-being mediate this relationship individually and serially.Originality/valueOur study is one of the few to examine PL as a leadership style in its own right and not a synonym for various leadership styles (e.g. transformational leadership) and one of the first to emphasize its importance for employee retention. Moreover, we make a unique contribution by combining work design theory and self-determination theory to examine the underlying mechanisms of the influence of PL on AC. Therefore, this research is the first to investigate a serial mediation between PL, PNS, well-being and AC.

Tourism Value Chain Determinants of Destination Competitiveness in Tanzania: Mediating Role of Mobile Application

This study seeks to explain the mediating effect of mobile application usage on the relationship between determinants of the tourism value chain and destination competitiveness. Employing a positivist philosophy, the research utilized an explanatory design based on a deductive approach. Three hundred and twenty questionnaires were distributed to tourists who visited Serengeti National Park, resulting in 238 usable responses for subsequent analysis. Data collection employed non-probability (purposive) and probability (stratified) sampling techniques, relying on primary and secondary data sources. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was conducted using AMOS software to analyze the relationships among the variables and test the mediating effect of mobile application usage on pre-travel, during-travel, and post-travel experiences; Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was conducted using AMOS software. The primary finding of this study indicated partial mediation between mobile application usage and the relationship between pre-travel and post-travel experiences on destination competitiveness. Conversely, a full mediation effect was observed between mobile application usage during travel and destination competitiveness. This research contributes to theoretical discourse by providing empirical evidence on concepts related to pre-travel, during-travel, and post-travel experiences that require further investigation within the Tanzanian context. Implementing an official mobile application is essential to enhance Tanzania's competitiveness relative to other African destinations. Furthermore, this model may be utilized in comparable tourist destinations across Africa, enabling a comparative analysis with existing findings and fostering the development of more robust theoretical frameworks

The Effect of Implementing Green Construction on Project Performance: A Comprehensive Study Using Structural Equation Models (S.E.M.)

Abstract The construction industry plays a crucial role in development but also faces serious challenges related to environmental impact and occupational safety. The sector contributes significantly to producing solid waste, air, water, soil pollution and emissions of hazardous gases. In addition, high noise levels from construction activities can harm public health. Workplace accidents at construction sites are also a major problem, with impacts ranging from worker safety to project costs. Green construction offers a comprehensive solution to address these issues. By adopting sustainable practices such as efficient waste management, using environmentally friendly materials, and implementing modern construction technologies, projects can reduce their negative impact on the environment. This study uses the Structural Equation Model (S.E.M.) to analyze green construction implementation’s effect on project performance. This study identifies 20 green construction indicators and evaluates their impact on five aspects of project performance: cost, time, quality, Occupational Health and Safety (O.H.S.), and Green Building performance. The analysis results show that green construction has a significant and robust effect on cost performance and a moderate impact on time, quality, and O.H.S. performance. Project documentation is identified as the most influential green construction indicator, while conservation and energy efficiency have the lowest effects. Another interesting finding is that implementing 86% of green indicators is optimal for Green Building Performance, indicating a balance between sustainability and project efficiency. This study provides valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers in optimizing sustainable construction practices and developing more effective regulations for the green construction industry.

The Impact of the Tunnel Micro-Environment on Workers’ Behavior: Considering the Mediating Role of Mental Health

Against the backdrop of accelerated global infrastructure development, one of the key objectives of sustainable development is to achieve a construction model that is safe, efficient, and environmentally low-impact. Therefore, the safety of tunnel construction and the health of workers have become central issues in sustainable development. The present study explores the relationship between the tunnel micro-environment and unsafe behavior of construction workers, with a focus on the mediating role of mental health. The study collected construction micro-environment data, basic information of construction workers, mental health status, and data on unsafe behavior from six tunnels as research samples. The tunnel micro-environment was primarily tested for noise and dust concentration. Noise data were obtained through on-site measurements, while dust concentrations were obtained from both field measurements and Fluent numerical simulations. The findings of the research indicate that noise and dust concentration in the tunnel micro-environment have a significant impact on the mental health and unsafe behavior of construction workers (p < 0.001). Based on structural equation modelling, we found that the stress, emotional regulation ability, and physical health statuses of tunnel construction workers had a significant impact on their mental health. Behaviors such as ignoring warning signs and working in high-risk areas had the most significant impact on unsafe behavior, with standardized path coefficients greater than 0.75. Concurrently, mental health status played a significant mediating role between the tunnel micro-environment and unsafe behavior. Finally, the study determined the environmental threshold values for noise and dust concentration at varying risk levels. This finding is of significant value in the reduction in occupational disease risks, the enhancement of the livability of work environments, and the provision of scientific evidence for the long-term sustainable development of infrastructure construction.

Relationship between days of work and presenteeism, and mediation of this relationship by fatigue among disaster responders

Abstract Objectives: Occupational health studies have identified positive associations between work duration and presenteeism, but there is limited understanding of this relationship in disaster responders. We examined the relationship between the number of work days and presenteeism and the mediating effect of fatigue in disaster responders deployed after the Noto Peninsula earthquake. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined disaster responders deployed after the Noto Peninsula earthquake (Japan, 2024). Data were collected using the health management version of the app for Japanese Surveillance in Post-extreme Emergencies and Disasters, and included days of work, fatigue score, and presenteeism. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to examine the direct and indirect effects of the number of work days on presenteeism, with fatigue as a potential mediator. Sensitivity analysis was also performed. Results: We analyzed 4656 disaster responders who were deployed after the Noto Peninsula earthquake. Presenteeism increased with the number of work days, and ranged from 3.4% (1 day) to 16.9% (>7 days). However, fatigue decreased as the number of work days increased. SEM demonstrated a significant direct effect of the number of work days on presenteeism, and that fatigue slightly decreased this effect for work durations of 4 to 7 days and more than 7 days. Sensitivity analyses supported these findings. Conclusions: Working more days led to increased presenteeism in disaster responders, but fatigue decreased as the number of work days increased. Future longitudinal studies should examine additional factors that may affect presenteeism in disaster responders and other individuals exposed to stressful environments.

Examining the impact of job crafting, work-life balance, and procrastination on performance enhancement

This study aims to investigate the impact of job crafting on work-life balance and employee achievement, specifically in-role performance and work-related procrastination, as positive and negative outcomes, respectively. A survey questionnaire was administered to 1,032 employees from micro, small, and medium enterprises in Indonesia. Factor analysis and internal consistency testing were used to assess the measuring instruments. The relationship model was tested using structural equation modeling with a two-step approach. The paper found a relationship among the three dimensions of job crafting and their correlation with work-life balance, procrastination, and in-role performance. Work-life balance and in-role performance exhibited a significant negative relationship with procrastination. These results show that the approach aspect of job crafting can enhance both work-life balance and in-role performance. The model fit to the data is very good (CFI (0.996 > 0.95), NFI (0.985 > 0.90), SRMR (0.004 < 0.08), GFI (0.996 > 0.95), TLI (0.954 > 0.90), AGFI (0.919 > 0.90) with a small normed chi-square (χ2/df = 11.973). The influence of job crafting dimensions on procrastination varied. The findings further strengthen the notion that the proactive element of job crafting positively influences behavior through offering feedback, setting high targets for employees, and expanding the scope of work to enhance their complexity. However, the avoidance aspect of job crafting remains inconsistent and requires further research. The practice of job crafting should be encouraged in the workplace. AcknowledgmentHeartfelt gratitude is extended to the employees of MSMEs actively engaged in this research.

Validating the Attitudes Toward Plagiarism Scale and Examining the Interrelationships among its Constructs

This study validates the Attitudes Toward Plagiarism (ATP) scale and investigates the interrelationships among its three constructs: positive attitudes, negative attitudes, and subjective norms regarding plagiarism. Data were collected from 720 students across two universities in Bangladesh. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on data from one university ( n = 412), followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on data from another university ( n = 308). The EFA extracted 20 items from the original 29-item ATP scale, while the CFA retained a 17-item version. Both analyses confirmed the ATP's original three-factor structure. Pearson's correlation and structural equation modeling (SEM) were performed using the total sample ( n = 720) to examine the relationships among the constructs. The results of Pearson's correlation showed significant positive correlations among the ATP constructs. SEM analysis revealed that subjective norms significantly influenced positive attitudes, and positive attitudes significantly mediated the relationship between subjective norms and negative attitudes toward plagiarism.

The relationship between work requirements and mental distress in hospital staff: the chain mediating effects of rumination and work recovery classes

BackgroundHeavy work requirements can lead to significant increases in depression anxiety and stress among hospital staff. However, there is limited research considering the role of work recovery (WR) and rumination in this relationship, particularly how poor WR can create a vicious cycle of negative psychological outcomes for medical staff.ObjectiveIn this cross-sectional observational study, the aim is to explore high-risk WR classes among hospital staff. By constructing chain mediation models according to the WR classes, the study seeks to identify which class of medical staff is most affected by work requirements in terms of mental distress, and to examine the chain mediation effects of rumination and WR classes.MethodsThe cross-sectional observational study utilized Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to investigate the relationships among various constructs. It employed the Work Requirements Scale (WRS), the Recovery - Stress Questionnaire (RESTQ), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), and the Revised Emotion Control Questionnaire (RECQ) to survey a sample of 889 hospital staff at a tertiary hospital.ResultsThe findings revealed three distinct WR classes among hospital staff. Significant associations were found between work requirements and mental distress among medical staff in the low and moderate WR classes. Additionally, in these two classes, there were significant relationships in which rumination and WR classes had a chain-mediated nature about work requirements and mental distress. This suggests that future intervention studies should focus on these two classes and develop psychological health interventions for hospital staff according to different WR classes.

Brand extension strategies and customer loyalty: Empirical evidence from fast-moving consumer goods companies

The expansion of brands through new product lines in the fiercely competitive fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry is aimed at bolstering companies’ brands and market share while catering to customer preferences. In creating FMCG value chains and fostering company sustainability, companies need to have a strong grasp of the interplay between the company’s brand strategies and customer loyalty. This study investigated how brand trust mediates the effect of brand extension strategies on customer loyalty among people in Lagos State metropolis, Nigeria, who buy a variety of FMCG. Data were collected from 293 respondents via an online survey and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The analysis revealed that brand familiarity (β = 0.376; p < 0.05), similarity (β = 0.397; p < 0.05), and reputation (β = 0.392; p < 0.05) are the strategies adopted in brand extension. It was found that brand extension strategy positively influences brand trust (β = 0.659; p < 0.05), while customer loyalty is positively impacted by brand trust (β = 0.585; p < 0.05). Besides, the results showed that brand trust mediates the relationship between brand extension strategies and сustomer loyalty (β = 0.385; p < 0.05). These results suggest that satisfaction with and trust in a specific product brand can significantly enhance the likelihood of repeat purchases by customers.

Adaptation of general family functioning assesment device (GF-FAD): its association with family adaptability, family belongingness and mental well being

Abstract Family functioning is crucial protective factor that supports a healthy family structure, fosters emotional growth, and enhances quality of life. This study examines the psychometric properties of the General Functioning Scale of the Family Assessment Device within a Turkish sample to evaluate its validity in evaluating family functionality. Two studies were conducted with distinct sample groups: Study-I (N = 424, 70.3% women, 29.7% men, mean age = 25.65) tested the factorial validity and measurement invariance, while Study II (N = 709, 65.9% women, 34.1% men, mean age = 22.63) examined structural relationships between family adaptability, belongingness, and mental well-being using structural equation modeling (SEM). Study I confirmed the 12-item unidimensional structure via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), utilizing maxiumum likelihood robust (MLR) estimator to accommodate ordinal data. Furthermore, reliability assessments showed acceptable internal consistency and measurement invariance analyses indicated that the scale could give similar results. Family functioning correlated positively with family adaptability, communication, life satisfaction, openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness, while showing a negative correlation with neuroticism. Study-II revealed that family functioning and mental well-being are mediated by family belongingness and adaptability. These findings affirm that the General Functioning Scale of the Family Assessment Device is a robust and reliable instrument for assessing family functionality within this cultural context.

The associations of cerebrospinal fluid ApoE and C1q with Alzheimer's disease biomarkers

Background The roles of complement 1q (C1q) and Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in driving Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression might be explained by their associations with neuroinflammation and AD pathology which were previously reported. Objective We examined the associations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) C1q and ApoE with CSF neuroinflammatory biomarkers and AD core biomarkers, as well as explored whether C1q mediated the associations of CSF ApoE with these biomarkers. Methods Here, we analyzed CSF proteomics data from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) using two different ADNI proteomics datasets—SomaScan (n = 579)and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM[n = 207]). Linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the association of CSF ApoE and C1q. The mediation model and structural equation model (SEM) were conducted to explore the associations of ApoE and C1q with AD biomarkers. Results Multiple linear regression showed that CSF ApoE was positively associated with CSF C1q in total participants and Alzheimer's continuum participants. Mediation analyses indicated that C1q mediated the associations of CSF ApoE with CSF T-tau, P-tau, sTREM2 and GFAP (mediation proportions range from 15.06 to 44.64%; all the p values < 0.05) but not with CSF amyloid-β and progranulin (PGRN). The SEM yielded similar results. Conclusions Our findings suggest that C1q is linked to ApoE, and it mediates the associations of ApoE with T-tau, P-tau, sTREM2, GFAP, indicating C1q association with ApoE might be involved in AD progression.

Managed forests are a stronghold of non‐native beetles in Europe

Abstract The species richness of vascular plants in forests can have contrasting effects on the occurrence of non‐native insects. The establishment of non‐native insect populations may be facilitated by low plant species richness, which reflects the availability of few but easily accessible resources, or hampered by high plant species richness due to spatial dilution of resources or biotic resistance (i.e., resistance against biological invasions). The relationship between the species richness of plants and non‐native insects is likely influenced by disturbance regimes, which, in European forests, mostly consists of timber harvesting. We investigated this relationship considering two major forest attributes: (i) species richness of non‐native vascular plants and (ii) forest management. From 1101 forest plots in Europe, we gathered occurrences of 1212 vascular plant species, including 160 non‐native species, and of 2404 beetle species, including 29 non‐native species. We tested the relationship between the species richness of non‐native beetles and plants using non‐linear quantile regressions. We disentangled the effect of non‐native plant species richness from that of management on the species richness of non‐native beetles, while accounting for forest structural variables, using structural equation models. We found clear evidence of a hump‐shaped relationship between non‐native beetle and plant species richness. The general shape of the relationship persisted when considering only woody or non‐woody plants, as well as only non‐native plants. The relationship was also similar between managed and unmanaged forests. However, the proportion of non‐native beetles in managed forests was higher than in unmanaged forests at the same plant species richness. Management had a direct negative effect on non‐native beetle species richness, whereas non‐native plant species richness had a direct positive effect. When considering all direct and indirect effects, management facilitated the occurrence of non‐native beetles indirectly via non‐native plants rather than directly. Synthesis and applications. Species richness of native and non‐native vascular plants modulates the species richness of non‐native beetles through relationships with opposite signs. The interplay with management regimes and forest structures determines whether non‐native beetles are promoted. Forest management aimed at reducing the intensity of disturbance while encouraging native plant species richness could promote the dominance of dilution effects and biotic resistance and could moderate the establishment of non‐native insects.

The effect of proactive customer service performance on employee work engagement: a moderated dual-path model in spillover perspective

Purpose In response to the need to analyze the spillover effects of proactive customer service performance (PCSP), this study aims to draw from the cognitive–affective system theory of personality (CAPS) to explore the mechanism by which coworker PCSP affects work engagement among tourism employees. Design/methodology/approach A mixed research method was used for data collection and analysis. Study 1 used a scenario experiment and collected 194 samples from a 5-star hotel in China. Study 2 surveyed 393 frontline employees from various tourism companies in China. Structural equation modeling and PROCESS macro were used for hypothesis testing. Findings Results reveal that coworker PCSP is positively associated with work engagement, and that peer pressure and felt obligation sequentially mediate this main effect. These findings also support that the service climate moderates the cognitive path in this context. Originality/value This research examines an underexplored phenomenon in the tourism service context, namely, the spillover effects of coworker PCSP, as well as the corresponding boundary conditions. In addition, this study reveals that the notion of affection posited by the CAPS influences the corresponding cognition, thus giving rise to a serial mediating effect with regard to the impact of coworker PCSP.

Examining Residents’ Perceptions and Usage Preferences of Urban Public Green Spaces Through the Lens of Environmental Justice

Improving the equity of urban public green space is crucial for residents’ well-being and is a key objective in green space planning. While most existing studies focus primarily on the spatial distribution characteristics of green space resources, fewer explore the mechanisms influencing residents’ subjective perceptions and preferences. This study, based on a survey of 1419 residents in Hunan Province, constructs a structural equation model (SEM) to investigate the impact of the unequal distribution of urban public green space on residents’ happiness, mediated by social–psychological factors such as environmental perception, sense of security, and neighborhood cohesion. Additionally, a random forest (RF) algorithm is employed to identify the main factors influencing residents’ green space usage preferences. The results demonstrate that equity in green space distribution significantly influences residents’ happiness through environmental perception (path coefficient γ = 0.744, p = 0.001), security (γ = 0.664, p = 0.001), and neighborhood cohesion (γ = 0.830, p = 0.001). Key factors influencing residents’ preferences for green space use include age, housing prices, and walkability, with walkability contributing 17.5%, green space equity contributing 11.0%, and age contributing 10.2% to the frequency of green space use. These findings are critical for developing fairer and more effective urban green space policies, contributing to the creation of a more sustainable, equitable, and satisfying urban environment.

Linking Soil Properties and Bacterial Communities with Organic Matter Carbon During Vegetation Succession

Land use change driven by vegetation succession significantly enhances soil carbon storage, yet the microbial mechanisms underlying this process remain poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the mechanistic linkages between bacterial community dynamics and organic matter carbon stabilization across four vegetation succession stages on the Loess Plateau: abandoned farmland (AF), grassland stage (GS), shrub-land stage (SS), and forest stage (FS). We analyzed soil organic matter carbon (SOM_C) fractions, physicochemical properties, and bacterial communities (16S rRNA sequencing), employing structural equation modeling to quantify causal pathways. The results showed that the content of soil total organic matter carbon (TOM_C), labile organic matter carbon (LOM_C), dissolved organic matter carbon (DOM_C), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) increased progressively with succession, peaking in the FS, with 23.87 g/kg, 4.13 g/kg, 0.33 mg/kg, and 0.14 mg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, vegetation succession also led to heterogeneity in the bacterial community structure. The number of soil bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for the four succession stages was 9966, 13,463, 14,122, and 10,413, with the shrub-land stage showcasing the highest OTUs. Nine bacterial taxa were strongly correlated with SOM_C stabilization. Affected by soil bacteria, soil physicochemical properties and litter biomass directly influence SOM_C, with the physicochemical pathway (path coefficient: 0.792, p < 0.001) having a greater impact on organic matter carbon than the litter pathway (path coefficient: 0.221, p < 0.001). This study establishes that vegetation succession enhances SOM_C content not only through increased litter inputs but also by reshaping bacterial communities toward taxa that stabilize carbon via physicochemical interactions.

Mediators and Predictors of Treatment Response in a Brief Online Intervention for Rumination and Worry

Abstract Background Repetitive Negative Thinking (RNT) is a key transdiagnostic mechanism underlying anxiety and depressive disorders, and targeting RNT specifically leads to improved treatment outcomes. There is a lack of research however into mechanisms of change in RNT-focused interventions and factors that predict treatment response. The aim of this study was to examine the mediators and predictors of outcome (RNT, depression, anxiety, and distress) in a brief online intervention for RNT in adults. Methods This study used secondary data from a Randomised Controlled Trial of the Managing Rumination and Worry Program (Joubert et al. in Beh Res Therapy, 168:104378, 2023) in which N = 137 adults with elevated levels of RNT were randomly allocated to a 3-lesson clinician-guided or self-guided version of the program delivered over 6 weeks, or a treatment-as-usual (TAU) control condition. Self-report measures of depression, anxiety, distress, and RNT were administered at baseline, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up; RNT and distress were also measured prior to each lesson. Results Intention-to-treat linear mixed models showed a gradual reduction in RNT and distress over treatment in both active conditions, with the largest reductions in RNT occurring after the lessons containing the active treatment strategies (2 and 3). Structural equation modelling mediation analyses showed that reductions in transdiagnostic RNT mediated reductions in distress between Lessons 2 and 3, and reductions in rumination specifically mediated reductions in distress and depression between post-treatment and follow-up, but there was no consistent pattern of mediation by RNT throughout treatment. Finally, higher baseline symptom severity (particularly rumination) significantly predicted poorer post-treatment outcomes, while higher treatment expectancy and clinician guidance significantly predicted better post-treatment outcomes. Conclusion This is one of the first studies to examine mediators and predictors of change in a brief, online RNT-focused intervention for adults with elevated RNT. Further research in larger samples is needed, examining additional possible mediating and predictor variables and across more time points, to better understand how and for whom this intervention reduces RNT, anxiety and depression. Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registration number: ACTRN 12620000959976. Date of registration: 25/09/2020.

Social media, efficacy, and non-normative collective action in Chile, Colombia, and Peru

In recent years, political instability in South American countries has led to an increase in violent collective actions. While extensive research has examined normative collective action, fewer studies have investigated its non-normative forms, particularly regarding the comparison of the predictive role of participative and group efficacy in non-normative collective behavior. By analyzing the dynamics between social media, efficacy, and non-normative collective behavior, this study aims to provide insights into the indirect effect of group and participative efficacy in the relationship between political social media use and non-normative collective action. Structural Equation Modeling analysis was done using a sample of 1979 participants from Chile, Colombia, and Peru. Participative efficacy was found to mediate the relationship between political social media use and non-normative collective action in all three countries, while only in Peru group efficacy mediated this relationship, with a negative effect. The authors concluded that non-normative collective action is better predicted by individual perceptions such as participative efficacy.

Factors of online learning engagement and their impact on value co-creation among students: a structural equation modelling approach

Factors of online learning engagement and their impact on value co-creation among students: a structural equation modelling approach

Community-Level Urban Vitality Intensity and Diversity Analysis Supported by Multisource Remote Sensing Data

Urban vitality serves as a crucial metric for evaluating sustainable urban development and the well-being of residents. Existing studies have predominantly focused on analyzing the direct effects of urban vitality intensity (VI) and its influencing factors, while paying less attention to the urban vitality diversity (VD) and its indirect impact mechanisms. Supported by multisource remote sensing data, this study establishes a five-dimensional urban vitality evaluation system and employs the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) to quantify direct and indirect interrelationships between these multidimensional factors and VI/VD. The findings are as follows: (1) Spatial divergence between VI and VD: VI exhibited stronger clustering (I = 1.12), predominantly aggregating in central urban areas, whereas VD demonstrated moderate autocorrelation (I = 0.45) concentrated in mixed-use central or suburban zones. (2) Drivers of vitality intensity: VI are strongly associated with commercial density (β = 0.344) and transportation accessibility (β = 0.253), but negatively correlated with natural environment quality (r = −0.166). (3) Mechanisms of vitality diversity: VD is closely linked to public service (β = 0.228). This research provides valuable insights for city development and decision-making, particularly in strengthening urban vitality and optimizing urban functional layouts.