While Hope theory posits that people link their present condition to create an imagined future, jail climate and inmates’ wellbeing are undeniable present factors that could predict their imagined future. Hence, the researchers hypothesized that jail climate predicts incarcerated person’s wellbeing, and wellbeing predicts inmates’ hope. Using Structural Equation Modelling, a model of hope from jail climate, physical wellbeing, and psychological wellbeing has been tested. The researchers administered jail climate, wellbeing, and hope scales to 225 female inmates. The results showed that relationships among inmates, safety and order, and meaningful activities as jail climates predicted physical and psychological wellbeing, and hope. Moreover, jail climate exclusively has predicted physical wellbeing while meaningful activities exclusively predict hope. Implications for the results were discussed.

With the trend of population ageing, cognitive frailty in older adults is an increasingly pressing public health issue. Identifying early-stage risk factors has become a key priority for researchers with the goal of preventing disability. This study aimed to test a conceptual model and elucidate the pathways leading to cognitive frailty using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). We conducted a cross-sectional design with data from outpatient departments within a tertiary medical centre in southern Taiwan. Participants (n = 208) were aged 65 years or older and able to communicate independently with the researchers. Demographic factors, extant health conditions, and psychosocial factors were collected. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to construct a path model. Olfactory function was significantly positively correlated with nutritional status and significantly negatively correlated with depressive symptoms, resilience, and cognitive frailty. Nutritional status was significantly negatively correlated with sarcopenia. Resilience was significantly positively correlated with social support but negatively correlated with sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was significantly positively correlated with cognitive frailty. Social support was significantly negatively correlated with cognitive frailty. Despite these associations, in this model, only one specific serial indirect pathway-via resilience and social support-demonstrated a statistically significant mediating effect between olfactory function and cognitive frailty. The findings suggest that the association between olfactory function and cognitive frailty may involve a limited, pathway-specific serial mediation through resilience and social support. Clinically, this pathway may help to inform the early identification of older adults with olfactory impairment who may benefit from targeted supportive strategies aimed at strengthening resilience and social support.

• The study investigates the relationship and interplay of social psychological and contextual factors on cargo bike usage. • The analysis is based on a survey with more than 2,500 cargo bike-sharing users in various geographical settings. • A theory-driven structural equation model is proposed and tested, informed by the Comprehensive Action Determination model. • The findings suggest that cargo bike usage can be predicted by a combination of contextual and psychological factors. • To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study presents the first structural equation model to explain cargo bike usage. Cargo bikes represent a promising yet often overlooked alternative to cars for private and commercial transportation purposes. While previous research examined the determinants of mode choice across various modes of transportation, much less is known about the interplay of different categories of determinants on cargo bike use, particularly for private transportation. This study aims to address this research gap by building on a comprehensive survey of 2590 private cargo bike-sharing users in Germany. Using a structural equation model, an adapted version of the Comprehensive Action Determination Model is tested to explain cargo bike usage for private transportation purposes. Thus, this study investigates the relationship and interplay of normative and value-based processes (i.e., sufficiency orientation), perceived and objective situational constraints, demographic characteristics, intentional processes, and habitual processes. The results indicate a good overall fit of the model combining social psychological with contextual factors. In particular, the findings suggest that private cargo bike usage can be predicted by well-established concepts from psychological research (i.e., the Theory of Planned Behavior) when complemented by additional constructs such as bicycle weather orientation. Based on the results, implications for future research as well as for policy makers are derived.

• Teachers’ adoption of AI tools is driven by individual choices and practices • All six Activity Theory components are linked to teachers’ AI adoption patterns • Adoption patterns differ between primary and secondary school teachers Despite the growing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in education, the underlying mechanisms that account for why some educators are inclined to adopt AI while others remain reluctant to do so remain unclear. The present study examined primary, secondary, and pre-service teachers’ intentions to use AI tools in K-12 educational settings. Drawing from Activity Theory, we tested six hypotheses illustrating the complex interrelationships among AT-related components linked to teachers’ intentions. Our factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) demonstrated that AT components can be reliably measured and have explanatory power regarding teachers’ intentions to adopt AI-driven tools. In the full sample analysis (N = 557), both Individual and Community components played significant roles in explaining teachers’ Intention. Objectives and Division of Labor were directly linked to Individual and indirectly associated with Intention. Community was linked to Rules/Regulations and Government , which were indirectly associated with Intention . We also found notable differences when comparing secondary and primary school teachers. Division of Labor and Community had stronger effects among secondary teachers. On the other hand, Objectives and Individual played more prominent roles among primary teachers in their intention to use AI tools. The results for pre-service teachers resembled those of primary school teachers. Overall, the present study highlights the complex mechanisms through which teachers at different career stages and teaching levels may adopt AI-driven tools. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in conclusion.

Factors influencing identification capability of adverse drug reactions in children aged 8-18years based on social cognitive theory.

The longitudinal mechanism of alexithymia and social cognition influencing depression: Based on cross-lagged panel network analysis and structural equation model.

Animal tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonosis maintained by various domestic and wild mammals in complex episystems. Higher competent host species richness at the community level promotes infection maintenance. Consequently, it has been proposed to go beyond the classic one- or two-host systems, where only certain species were considered maintenance hosts, to address "maintenance communities" of multiple hosts with different levels of contribution to infection maintenance. A further factor in TB epidemiology is the environment. In the Iberian Peninsula, water availability has a strong influence on TB in wildlife and livestock. However, the relative importance of any single host species, the richness and network of interactions in each community, or the environment in driving infection maintenance is unknown. We addressed this complexity using structural equation modelling (SEM), a framework to analyze complex relationships between multiple variables. We analyzed 18 multi-host communities and assessed the effects of climate (humidity), mammal diversity, and host (cattle, wild boar, and red deer) abundance and connectedness on TB prevalence in wild boar and cattle. Red deer abundance and connectedness and wild boar connectedness were positively correlated with TB prevalence in wild boar. Humidity was negatively correlated with TB prevalence in wild boar and cattle. Red deer connectedness and the diversity of the mammal community were positively correlated with TB prevalence in cattle, while wild boar abundance was negatively correlated. Through SEM, we integrated host abundance with community network parameters, mammal diversity, and climate to reveal the drivers of TB maintenance in multi-host systems. Climate effects were stronger on cattle TB than on wild boar TB and these effects were superimposed to other risk factors such as red deer abundance and host community structure. Our findings suggest that TB eradication in cattle could be particularly challenging in regions with high competent host species richness and arid climate, with implications for livestock health, economic sustainability of cattle farms, and reduction of zoonotic risk in rural areas.

Public awareness, procedural knowledge, and reporting intention for child abuse involving children with disabilities in Malaysia.

Integrated multi-barrier attenuation of antibiotic resistance genes by self-elevating ultra-high temperature composting: Phase-resolved evidence for within-process risk reduction.

Trust and social presence in the Metaverse: A SEM analysis of collaborative learning in multi-user virtual environments

Teachers’ conceptions of assessment shape how they interpret and respond to assessment policies. Multiple inventories have been developed to capture how teachers understand assessment from diverse theoretical perspectives. However, it remains unclear whether these inventories capture the same constructs with different terminology or reflect different constructs. To address this issue, this study compared four inventories in China: Chinese Teachers’ Conceptions of Assessment (C-TCoA, 2011), Chinese Approaches to Classroom Assessment Inventory (C-ACAI, 2022), Science Teachers’ Assessment Conceptions Questionnaire (STACQ, 2017), and Teacher Formative Assessment Literacy Scale (TFALS, 2022). Using a chained survey design ( N = 1041), data were analysed with confirmatory factor analysis, multitrait–multimethod correlations, and structural equation modelling. Results showed partial factorial validity and construct overlap. Improvement and accountability were the most consistent dimensions, whereas irrelevance remained independent. These findings suggest similar constructs may be labelled differently across inventories, indicating possible confusion in the field. • Four assessment conception inventories compared using MTMM and SEM in China. • Improvement emerged as the most stable shared construct. • Accountability showed partial overlap across inventories. • Irrelevance functioned as a distinct independent construct. • Findings reveal jingle–jangle fallacy across assessment conception inventories.

Applying the health belief model to understand the usage and experience of self-management techniques in knee osteoarthritis: A mixed-methods observational study.

Childhood emotional maltreatment and adolescent restrictive eating: A longitudinal structural equation modeling and network analysis.

The micromobility mindset: Socio-technical drivers of bike share scheme adoption in the UK

Transitions of School-Family-Community assets profiles and their associations with adolescent positive development and adjustment.

Privacy concerns on short-form video platforms and creativity among communication students in China: A longitudinal mediation model involving TikTok use motives and IT identity.

Spatial reconfiguration and drivers of ecological risk in the karst region of China: An integrated GMOP-PLUS-InVEST assessment

Reframing English language teacher education through multiliteracies in the digital age: A self-efficacy-mediated model of pedagogical competence.

The developmental pathways linking early conduct problems (CP) to later psychological distress (PSYD) remains insufficiently understood, particularly mediating role of peer problems (PP). This study examines how CP influence adolescent PSYD directly and indirectly through PP using longitudinal data from an Australian cohort. Data were drawn from Waves 6-8 (ages 10-15) and Wave 9C2 (ages 17-18) of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC), including 1850 participants with complete data. CP and PP were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), while PSYD was measured via the Kessler PSYD Scale (K10). Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with Weighted Least Squares Mean and Variance Adjusted (WLSMV) estimation tested direct and indirect pathways, with PP as a mediator. Adolescents with persistent or severe CP and PP were more likely to report severe PSYD at ages 17-18. SEM showed that PP significantly mediated the relationship between CP and PSYD, with direct effects of CP largely nonsignificant. The strongest indirect effect was observed for severe CP at Wave 8 (β̂ = 0.147, p=0.004), followed by borderline CP at Wave 8 (β̂ = 0.107, p=0.006), severe CP at Wave 7 (β̂ = 0.094, p=0.004), and borderline CP at Wave 6 (β̂ = 0.027, p=0.006). PP also showed strong temporal stability across waves. Findings underscore the role of PP in the developmental trajectory from early CP to later PSYD, highlighting the need for early intervention targeting behavioural and peer-related difficulties.

This study examines the psychological mechanisms underlying solo dining in the 'loneliness economy'. Using structural equation modelling (SEM), it explores relationships among social anxiety, loneliness, solo dining intentions and dependency orientation as a moderator. Because solo dining may reflect both voluntary solitude and avoidance-based solitude, the present model primarily tests the avoidance-linked pathway associated with social anxiety and loneliness. Findings show that loneliness is significantly associated with solo dining behaviour, especially among individuals with high dependency, but less so among those with lower dependency scores. Accordingly, solo dining is treated here as a broad behavioural tendency with mixed motives rather than as a purely therapeutic exposure exercise. The study contributes to literature on solitude and mental health and offers practical recommendations for the restaurant industry.