Unified Modeling Language Research Articles

Cartographic animations, a supporting technology for education

Abstract. To date, basic theoretical and methodological ideas of animated cartography have been formed, as well as general schemes for animated maps compilation. However, the technological issue remains relevant in this domain due to the abundance of modern tools that can be used for compilation of animated maps. Particularly, most of currently implemented cartographic animation methodologies require the use of a variety of specialized software, including geographic information systems (GISs), vector and raster graphical editors, video effects editing software, and others. So the data processing and conversion techniques are extremely complicated in some cased, when data converted from one software platform to another.In our study, we established investigation of popular desktop GISs functionality application as a full-cycle animated cartography environment. In such a context, we discover approaches to improve methodology of animated maps automated compilation. To prototype a full-cycle animation in GIS environment, we developed a set of animation algorithms implemented in QGIS and documented the algorithms using UML (Unified Modeling Language) diagrams.

Development of a model-based modular building kit for sensor-integrating machine elements—Theory and application

AbstractIn the Priority Program 2305 of the German Research Foundation, so-called Sensor-integrating Machine Elements (SiME) are to be developed. These are essentially highly standardized components with integrated microelectronics. The present article presents the development of a model-based construction kit to support the design of integrated sensor systems for these new machine elements. A methodical procedure for collecting the development data required for modeling the modular building kit for SiME is presented and applied to four different cases within the project. Use cases, product structure and module diagrams were recorded and modeled for the machine elements screw, gear, coupling and feather key. These are then linked in SysML models to enable sensor systems for SiME to be configured in line with requirements. The modeling of the system architectures deepens the understanding of the underlying mechatronic system architecture and supports the identification of differentiation features as well as synergy potentials.

Интерактивное приложение, реализующее метод уверенных суждений на массовой программной платформе

The article examines the functionality and architecture of an interactive application designed to support multi-criteria decision-making using S.A. Piyavsky's confident judgment method. It provides a description of key components of this method essential for presenting the topic in a computer-oriented format for data and knowledge representation. The application stores and provides access to a bank of universal importance coefficients for specific criteria and serves as the core of an information methodology for decision-making based on the confident judgment method. This methodology includes the following stages: compiling a list of alternative solutions with evaluations by a set of specific quantitative criteria; establishing a selection policy that orders criteria by importance for the decision-maker; normalizing the multi-criteria problem statement in line with a foundational optimization model; evaluating each alternative solution within this model; and selecting the optimal alternatives. The application automatically coordinates the creation and editing of the list of alternative solutions according to variation boundaries set by the selection policy, integrating all solution stages with user feedback. The application’s functionality is represented by a diagram linking the main activities and their outcomes, along with a UML diagram of application use cases. The architecture of the application is presented as a mind map. The application is implemented on the Excel platform using VBA programming language, chosen to ensure accessibility and support the development of advanced multi-criteria decision-making methods for a broad user base who use Excel in their professional work.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A SUPERMARKET MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING UML FOR STREAMLINED INVENTORY, SALES, AND CUSTOMER MANAGEMENT

The growing demands on supermarket management have necessitated the adoption of robust systems to streamline operations such as inventory control, sales tracking, and customer management. This study introduces a UML-based design for a supermarket management system that addresses the core needs of store administration through structured modules and defined workflows. The system encompasses store registration, inventory management, sales tracking, and customer engagement, further facilitating seamless product browsing, checkout, and post-sale support. Through structured modeling, the proposed system simplifies process flows, thereby enhancing the operational efficiency and user experience in a supermarket environment. This paper details the UML diagrams used, outlines the functional processes, and discusses the potential benefits of the system for modern retail management.

State primary special standard of impulse current unit in the range from 1.0 to 1.0·105 A GET 202-2024

Metrological assurance of immunity tests to impulse currents of natural and artificial origin is an urgent task in the development and production of aviation, rocket and space equipment and telecommunication equipment. The State primary special standard of lightning discharge impulse current unit GET 202-2012 provided the unity of measurements of impulse current parameters in the amplitude range from 1 to 100 kA and the time range from hundreds of nanoseconds to units of milliseconds. In order to provide metrological support for measuring instruments for impulse currents of electrostatic discharges and switching currents (rise time of the transient response of at least 1 ns, measurement range from 1 to 200 A), GET 202-2012 underwent a modernization cycle in 2020–2023. As a result of the modernization, the State Primary Special Standard of the unit of pulse current in the range from 1.0 to 1.0·105 A GET 202-2024 was approved, the lower limit of the range of reproduction of the unit of pulse current of which was 1 A with a pulse front duration of no more than 1 ns. Thus, the problem of ensuring the uniformity of measurements of electrostatic discharges and power switching impulse currents parameters was solved. To achieve the specified characteristics, GET 202-2024 includes devices for reproducing current pulses based on semiconductor keys and reference current shunts with a short rise time. The composition, structural diagram, technical and metrological characteristics of GET 202-2024 are given. GET 202-2024 ensures the uniformity of measurements of the parameters of pulse currents of electrostatic discharges, partial lightning discharges, as well as pulse currents generated by switching processes when solving problems of electromagnetic compatibility, creating new types of materials and coatings, in geophysical and meteorological research and observations, in healthcare.

A Systems Biology Approach Towards a Comprehensive Understanding of Ferroptosis.

Ferroptosis is a regulated cell death process characterized by iron ion catalysis and reactive oxygen species, leading to lipid peroxidation. This mechanism plays a crucial role in age-related diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular and neurological disorders. To better mimic iron-induced cell death, predict the effects of various elements, and identify drugs capable of regulating ferroptosis, it is essential to develop precise models of this process. Such drugs can be tested on cellular models. Systems biology offers a powerful approach to studying biological processes through modeling, which involves accumulating and analyzing comprehensive research data. Once a model is created, it allows for examining the system's response to various stimuli. Our goal is to develop a modular framework for ferroptosis, enabling the prediction and screening of compounds with geroprotective and antiferroptotic effects. For modeling and analysis, we utilized BioUML (Biological Universal Modeling Language), which supports key standards in systems biology, modular and visual modeling, rapid simulation, parameter estimation, and a variety of numerical methods. This combination fulfills the requirements for modeling complex biological systems. The integrated modular model was validated on diverse datasets, including original experimental data. This framework encompasses essential molecular genetic processes such as the Fenton reaction, iron metabolism, lipid synthesis, and the antioxidant system. We identified structural relationships between molecular agents within each module and compared them to our proposed system for regulating the initiation and progression of ferroptosis. Our research highlights that no current models comprehensively cover all regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis. By integrating data on ferroptosis modules into an integrated modular model, we can enhance our understanding of its mechanisms and assist in the discovery of new treatment targets for age-related diseases. A computational model of ferroptosis was developed based on a modular modeling approach and included 73 differential equations and 93 species.

Generative AI in the Software Modeling Classroom: An Experience Report With ChatGPT and Unified Modeling Language

Generative AI in the Software Modeling Classroom: An Experience Report With ChatGPT and Unified Modeling Language

СИСТЕМАТИЗАЦИЯ СОВРЕМЕННОГО МЯСОРЕЗАТЕЛЬНОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ И ОЦЕНКА НЕИСПРАВНОСТЕЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ВОЛЧКОВ

Based on the analysis of the designs of modern meat cutting equipment used by processing plants, their great diversity has been established, justified by the design and technological requirements for this type of machines. (Objective of the study) To establish the features characterizing industrial grinders, compile their classification, determine the main faults and the degree of their influence on the operability of industrial grinders. (Materials and methods) Design and technological requirements for industrial grinders have been determined. An analysis has been carried out and the main causes of malfunctions of industrial grinders have been identified. Structural parameters characterizing the technical condition of industrial grinders have been established. A priori ranking technique has been selected based on an expert assessment by specialists of the main faults of industrial grinder units. (Results and discussion) The features characterizing industrial grinders have been established, based on this, their classification has been compiled. A structural diagram of the "Industrial grinder" technical system is presented. The main faults and the degree of their influence on the loss of operability of the devices under consideration during operation have been determined. The entire set of industrial grinding machine malfunctions is grouped relative to three subsystems: cutting, feeding and driving. During the malfunction analysis, 10 most important of them were identified, affecting the grinder operability and its technological process performance. (Conclusions) The entire set of presented industrial grinding machine malfunctions was ranked by weight. A 10-point system was used for their assessment and points were assigned in accordance with complexity within the range from 1 to 10. The first group included malfunctions with ranks higher than 238 (malfunctions with a higher probability of occurrence). The second group included malfunctions with a rank value lower than 150 (malfunctions with a lower probability of occurrence). It was found that the maximum weight has malfunctions designated as n6, n10, n9. They characterize the technical condition of the cutting and feeding subsystems. Priority for maintenance and control should be given to these subsystems

ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ СОПРОТИВЛЕНИЯ ЛАКОКРАСОЧНОГО ПОКРЫТИЯ В ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТЕ

The use of known methods for measuring the electrical resistance of a protective coating in an electrolyte is associated with the danger of using high voltage, which accelerates degradation of the coating. The structural diagram of a measuring device operating at a low voltage of up to 1.5 V is substantiated. The device contains two galvanic cells with an electrolyte, a capacitor, a switch, a digital multimeter, and a three-position switch. One galvanic cell is attached to the coating on a carbon steel plate and is equipped with an electrode made of stainless steel. The second galvanic cell is equipped with electrodes made of carbon and stainless steel. It is a source of reference voltage. The input resistance of the multimeter from 1 MOhm serves as a reference resistance. The maximum value of the measured coating resistance reaches 1400 MOhm. A formula is obtained for calculating the specific electrical resistance of the paint and varnish coating in an electrolyte solution. Using the manufactured device, the dynamics of changes in the specific electrical resistance of two coatings made of Raptor polyurethane paint with a hardener are studied. The coatings were applied in two and three layers, the duration of testing in the borofoska solution was 200 days. Upon completion of the tests, the specific electrical resistance of the three-layer coating decreased from 480 to 20 MOhm∙m, it was 4 times greater than the two-layer coating. This result indicates a significant increase in the protective resistance of the polyurethane coating after applying the third layer.

A two-tier database architecture framework for combating cyber threats

The 21st century has witnessed a lot of advancements in science and technology. One may not be wrong to assert that the field of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and its allied disciplines like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Nanotechnology have taken the lead as we witness new developments in these areas year by year. The products and services we utilize and enjoy are evidence of the usefulness of this advancement in science and technology. It is worthy of note that the interest of many (both good and bad in the discipline of ICT), is being ignited by the fact that ICT finds its applicability virtually in every area of human endeavor. In this study, we propose a two tier database architecture that employs an Object-Oriented Analysis Design Methodology (OOADM) using the Unified Modelling Language (UML). The choice of this methodology is because we need to present every stage of the study from analysis to the design phases. With the help of the chosen methodology, we analyzed the existing frameworks, identified the weaknesses, and as a result, we further surveyed algorithms used for reliable data security. From the results obtained from the survey, we employed the SHA-256 algorithm because of its strength in data security, and the Argon2 hashing algorithm which is one of the best algorithms for securing database credentials. In the end, we provide an enhanced framework made up of the chosen algorithms and a two-dimensional database (2-DDb), which could be implemented to effectively combat attacks on important databases.

Construction of consistent SysML models applied to the CPS

With the increasing complexity of cyber-physical systems (CPS), it is interesting to decompose a CPS into sub-systems. This provides greater modularity and flexibility so that each system can be developed independently, making it easier to maintain. Also, it can improve its fault tolerance. However, this decomposition of the system can lead to inconsistency. This paper proposes an approach for early verification of cyber-physical systems decomposition using SysML. We address the limitations of SysML as a semi-formal language by introducing syntax and static semantics for its structural diagrams. The aim is to verify structural consistency before defining behavioral aspects. For that, the proposed approach verifies a set of structural consistency rules within a refinement relation to ensure that sub-components offer at least the same services as the abstract block and require the same services. Furthermore, the sub-blocks must satisfy all the requirements that the abstract block is supposed to verify. We used the CyCab as a case study to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.

Unlocking the limitedness on promotion: Augmenting a web-based mobile promotional media for delivery services at a homeware company

As information technology develops, the utilization of the internet as a business platform has increased significantly, allowing companies to promote their products and services more widely and efficiently. This research explores the development of a mobile website for a homeware company in Batam, which currently relies on online platforms such as Shopee and Tokopedia. This dependency causes limitations in reaching customers optimally. Therefore, this research proposes the development of mobile web-based promotional media using the Waterfall method, which includes the stages of need analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. This method was chosen to ensure a systematic approach in designing and developing a responsive and appropriate website. Using Unified Modeling Language (UML) in system design possibly allows clear visualization and effective stakeholder communication. The implementation conducted by employing PHP, MySQL, and CodeIgniter framework resulted in a website which is expected to be able to fulfil the functional and non-functional needs of the company. The results show that developing this mobile web-based promotion system can potentially increase the company's market reach and operational efficiency as well as provide easy access for customers. This research provides an innovative model for similar companies to adopt digital technology to improve their business competitiveness.

PERANCANGAN SISTEM ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP) TERHADAP PENGADAAN BAHAN BAKU, PENJUALAN, DAN PRODUKSI PADA CV. JAYA LOGAM MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE ODOO

CV. Jaya Logam faced various operational challenges caused by ineffective sales and raw material inventory recording systems, leading to production delays, errors in information delivery, and difficulties in monitoring and decision-making. This research was conducted to address these issues through system needs analysis, design, and testing of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system using Odoo software. The methodological process involved a detailed analysis of system requirements, system design using Unified Modelling Language (UML) diagrams to visualize the system architecture, and system testing using the Black Box Testing method to ensure the reliability and effectiveness of the designed system. The testing results showed that the developed ERP system successfully met all 12 test class parameters, indicating that the system is valid and can be implemented effectively. The implementation of this ERP system at CV. Jaya Logam resulted in significant improvements in operational efficiency and data accuracy, better business process integration, and the provision of real-time information that supports faster and more accurate decision-making processes.

Technology of creating an innovative textbook for teacher education system

The transformation of education, caused by the constantly changing demands of society and the avalanche growth of information, necessitates the search for new means of training future teachers, focused on the formation of universal qualities of a specialist. The creation of psycho-pedagogical classes requires expanded research into ways to improve pedagogical training with continuity at all levels, starting from school. Considering the focus on professional training, it is important to model the structure and content of educational tools that allow forming not only subject knowledge but also the readiness of future teachers to “learn to teach” adequately to the cognitive characteristics of modern students and the trends in the formation of digital content.The aim of the article is to substantiate the method of creating end-to-end inversion textbooks that allow forming and developing the readiness to learn to teach in students planning their future professional activities in the educational field (by the example of studying the topic of the informatics course “Information and information processes”).The literature analysis allowed us to identify three tools for modeling the format of presentation and structuring of the textbook content: the “inverted” or inversion (question-task) format of the structural composition of educational content; the end-to-end or vertical selection of educational content according to the principle of “vertical lever”, the principle of “transparent” box” based on structural mental diagrams for visualizing all components of educational material (theory, tasks, control methods). Using the example of the topic “Information and information processes”, the article shows the technology of applying these tools in compiling of innovative teaching resources is shown.An expert assessment of the created textbook confirmed the possibility and feasibility of its use in psycho-pedagogical classes and pedagogical universities for training, self-study, and self-control of students.

Features of Structural Hardware Transformation of Information in Cryptosystems

The article considers types, functions and some features of cryptosystems, as well as circuit design options for expanding their functionality. Options for generating keys and ciphers used in cryptosystems with a typical structural organization, and technologies for creating encryption chains are presented. An encryption scheme is described, in the recurrent formula of the algorithm of which the previous blocks of both encryption and plaintext are used. This scheme reliably protects against any unauthorized modification of the encrypted text. Structural diagrams of the organization of symmetric and asymmetric cryptosystems are given. A variant of implementing a decoding procedure in a threshold MIMA cryptomodule for sharing a secret with a masking transformation is proposed, in which the necessary time and hardware costs for performing the procedure of reconstructing the original secret are minimized. The presented material can be the part of the original sections of a necessary and sufficiently provided in mathematical terms textbook on the basics and modern problems of cryptography.

Теорія фантомізації радіозображень РСА: базові відомості та обґрунтування розмірів ділянки фантомізації

The article's subject of study is the creation of the foundations of the theory of the formation of false elements in the images of aerospace radio vision systems by injecting informational signs of objects absent on the underlying surface. The goal is to substantiate the dimensions of the subsurface areas on which it is possible to simulate objects with different methods of viewing the exploring area from the aerospace radar carrier. Task: to develop the geometry of the problem, which will reflect the interaction between the radar with the synthesis of the Synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) and the radar of phantomization (FR); to develop a general structural diagram of the FR; determine the main parameters, taking into account which will allow planning an "interaction" session between the SAR and the FR; to determine the sizes of the underlying surface areas, where it is possible to provide phantomization of radio images formed by SAR with different methods of examination. The methods used are mathematical and functional analysis, navigation, and remote sensing. The following results were obtained. The geometry of the problem of the interaction between the SAR and the FR was defined; it allowed us to calculate the interaction time between the systems and to establish the law of change of the distance between them at any placement of the SAR in orbit. The influence of the interposition of the considered systems on the expected shape of the SAR sounding signal and the size of the area on which the problem of radio image phantomization arises has been investigated. Examples of calculations of the specified parameters for various types of exploring of the earth's surface by radar from an aerospace carrier are given. Conclusions. The article summarizes and develops the theory of phantom radio images constructed using SAR. The obtained results establishing the dependence between the phantomization geometry and such parameters as the potential and actual time of interaction between the systems, the envelope of the bundle of received radio pulses, and the number of separation bands by range are important for further research in this direction, which at the moment it is advisable to focus on solving the optimization problem phantomization of separate blocks of the radar and determining the conditions for planning the processes of injecting objects into the transmitter signal and into the radio image formed by the SAR.

Features of Structural Hardware Transformation of Information in Cryptosystems

The article considers types, functions and some features of cryptosystems, as well as circuit design options for expanding their functionality. Options for generating keys and ciphers used in cryptosystems with a typical structural organization, and technologies for creating encryption chains are presented. An encryption scheme is described, in the recurrent formula of the algorithm of which the previous blocks of both encryption and plaintext are used. This scheme reliably protects against any unauthorized modification of the encrypted text. Structural diagrams of the organization of symmetric and asymmetric cryptosystems are given. A variant of implementing a decoding procedure in a threshold MIMA cryptomodule for sharing a secret with a masking transformation is proposed, in which the necessary time and hardware costs for performing the procedure of reconstructing the original secret are minimized. The presented material can be the part of the original sections of a necessary and sufficiently provided in mathematical terms textbook on the basics and modern problems of cryptography.

Design and Testing of a Web-Based Student Information Management System

Politeknik Piksi Ganesha is an institution of higher learning located in Bandung, Indonesia, specializing in engineering and technological curricula. The research's general objective is to describe the design and implementation of the web-based Student Information Management System (SIMS) to manage student data at Politeknik Piksi Ganesha Bandung. The functional and non-functional specifications are represented using Unified Modeling Language (UML) based on broad data collection through observation, interviews, and a literature review. It also entails black-box testing, which measures the system's performance against set criteria, focusing on the output without the details of its internal workings. The significant findings indicate that SIMS enhances highly administrative processes, accuracy in data, and good communication among stakeholders by applying clear UML diagrams of the system. This successful system development meets the institution's requirements and adds to the bar for other developments within the educational technology sector. The result has also emphasized the need for practical design methodologies and testing frameworks to develop reliable information systems to improve decision-making in academic institutions. The research has contributed significantly to the discipline because it has shown how different technological innovations can alleviate the problems surrounding managing student information at higher education levels.

Reengineering Web applications into pervasive information systems

In today’s mobile-driven world, organizations face the challenge of adapting legacy Web applications to pervasive information systems, such as mobile applications, ensuring seamless accessibility across devices. This paper presents a systematic, three-phase approach to reengineering Web applications into mobile applications: Reverse-engineering, Transformation, and Forward-engineering. In the reverse-engineering phase, high-level conceptual models of the Web application are generated to capture its architecture and functionality. During the transformation phase, these models are refined using Unified Modeling Language (UML) profiles to align with the requirements of mobile systems. The forward-engineering phase utilizes the Acceleo technology, along with predefined mapping rules and code patterns, to automate the generation of mobile application code. A case study is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of this framework, revealing a significant reduction in manual effort throughout the reengineering process. This approach offers a scalable and efficient solution for transforming Web applications into mobile applications, contributing to advancements in model-driven engineering and software reengineering.

Evaluating the Conformity to Types of Unified Modeling Language Diagrams with Feature-Based Neural Networks

Evaluating the Conformity to Types of Unified Modeling Language Diagrams with Feature-Based Neural Networks