Strontium Borate Glasses Research Articles

The effect of NiO on the structural and optical properties of lithium strontium borate glasses

The effect of NiO on the structural and optical properties of lithium strontium borate glasses

Structural correlation to linear and non-linear optical properties of Bi3+ ion doped Li2O–SrO–B2O3 glasses: Optical switching and limiting applications

A series of bismuth doped lithium strontium borate glasses are synthetized using melt-quench technique. Compositional modification resulted in the maximum refractive index (2.306) and lowest optical bandgap (3.36 eV) for 2 mol% of Bi2O3. Raman as well as FTIR investigations reveal the presence of diborate, dipentaborate and metaborate ring type structural units and structural interconversions occur between diborate and metaborate rings. These structural interconversions are in support of the trends observed in linear and non-linear optical properties. Photoluminescence spectra reveal a prominent emission peak around 572 nm corresponding to the 2P3/2 → 2P1/2 transition. Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) and correlated colour temperature (CCT) studies indicate the glasses emit greenish-yellow light around 7172 K. Z-scan approach is utilised to examine non-linear optical properties with a nanosecond pulsed laser operating at 532 nm. Z-scan investigation revealed good optical nonlinearity in all the glasses. Open aperture normalized transmittance spectra is used to evaluate the values of non-linear absorption coefficient (ꞵ) and optical limiting. ꞵ is in the range of 0.42–3.2x10−10 mW−1 and optical limiting values are in the range of 1.642–2.078x1012 Wm−2. Z-scan studies reveal RSA and RSA to SA (W- patterns) which suggests that the investigated glasses show saturable absorption (SA) as well as reverse saturable absorption (RSA) pattern. According to these findings, the glasses under investigation are promising materials for solid state lasers, greenish-yellow LEDs, compositional tuning optical switching and limiting applications.

Analysis of structural, optical, mechanical properties and evaluation of radiation shielding effectiveness of strontium borate glasses doped with ZnO nanoparticles

This research meticulously explores the synthesis, structural, thermal and optical characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) infused strontium borate glasses (termed SZ glasses) and their applicability as radiation shielding. The glasses have been produced using the melt quenching process in the composition series of (60-x)B2O3: xZnO: 10SrO: 10Na2O: 10CaO: 10BaO, where x varied from 0 to 20 % mol. In order to dope ZnO into glasses, its structural and morphological characteristics were investigated after it was synthesized by solution combustion method. It was found that the inclusion of ZnO significantly impacted the glasses' density, molar volume, hardness, yield stress, and thermal stability. The optical properties of the produced glasses, such as transmittance, reflection, transparency, opacity and band gap energies, were examined and the effect of ZnO on the optical properties of the glasses was investigated. Crucially, the SZ glasses exhibited notable efficiency in shielding against gamma photons and fast neutrons. This is evidenced by the favourable change in the mass attenuation coefficients with increasing ZnO concentration. Parameters like the half-value layer, effective atomic number, and energy absorption buildup factors were calculated to gauge the radiation attenuation proficiency of the SZ glasses, demonstrating their potential utility in radiation protection. In conclusion, the developed SZ glasses display advantageous structural, thermal, and optical qualities, along with robust shielding capabilities against gamma photons and fast neutrons. This study contributes significant knowledge to the field of novel glass materials, paving the way for their application in various industrial and medical contexts requiring radiation shielding.

Spectral features of Gd2O3 modified Sm3+ doped lithium strontium borate glasses for solid-state laser applications

We report the synthesis of Sm-doped Gd2O3-modified borate glasses that radiate orange light. Structure modification features, energy transfer (ET), concentration-dependent emission, integral scintillation efficiency, and laser performance are all thoroughly investigated. These glasses are appropriate for near UV excitation lasers because they exhibit strong near ultraviolet (UV) absorption. Using the Judd-Ofelt (JO) theory and the absorption and emission spectra, we determine the oscillator strength, stimulated emission cross-section, radiation transition probability, and branch ratios as spectral characteristics. We examine the lifetime and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Sm3+, which is UV-sensitized. The ET between Gd and Sm and from Sm to luminescence centers is what causes the PL from UV to visible/orange, which is achieved at varied excitation wavelengths between 275 and 403 nm. The ET between the Gd3+ and Sm emission centers is confirmed; as the Gd3+ level varies from 0 to 10 mol%, the ET efficiency from Gd3+ to Sm emission centers improves by 6 times. We also determine how ET affects quantum efficiency, donor emission decay kinetics, and donor-acceptor luminescence. We also note the color correlation temperature (CCT), color purity value (99%), and Commission of Illumination coordinates (CIE) as (0.595, 0.403), 1629 K under 400 excitations and, respectively. These characteristics demonstrate that these glasses can be used to create orange-laser devices that are excited by near-ultraviolet light.

Prospective applications of thermally stable Dy3+ doped potassium zinc strontium borate (KZSB) glasses in w-LEDs

Prospective applications of thermally stable Dy3+ doped potassium zinc strontium borate (KZSB) glasses in w-LEDs

Copper doped strontium Indium-borate glasses: FTIR, Raman, EPR, optical and structural studies

Strontium borate glasses containing Indium oxide with chemical composition 69B2O3–(30-x) SrO- xIn2O3-1CuO varying ‘x’ from 0.5 to 2.5 mol% were synthesized by quenching method. The non-crystalline characteristics of these glasses were established by X-Ray diffraction patterns. Physical parameters like density (ρ), molar volume (Vm), dielectric constant (ε) and other properties were described with varying mole percent of indium oxide. Spectroscopic findings, viz. optical absorption, EPR were conducted to understand the influence of In2O3 and CuO on strontium-borate glass network. Optical energy band gap (Eopt) and Urbach energies were calculated. Spin-Hamiltonian values from EPR of Cu2+ spin probes obeyed g‖‖> g⊥>ge and A‖‖> A⊥ revealing dx2-y2 (2B1g state) as ground state of Cu2+ ions and site symmetry in the neighbourhood of Cu2+ is tetragonally distorted octahedral. FTIR studies established the existence of typical BO3, BO4 units in addition to In3+O6 groups. The various Raman peaks shown by the glass samples were appropriate assigned and corresponding structural variations were discussed.

Correlation between mechanical, gamma shielding features and tellurium oxide concentrations in molybdenum aluminum strontium borate glass

This study investigates the effect of adding TeO2 instead of B2O3 in a glass system containing a fixed amount of Al2O3, MoO3, and SrO as modifiers. The present work included the impact of the addition of TeO2 on radiation and mechanical properties theoretically. The shielding properties were calculated based on XCOM data, and mechanical properties were computed based Makishima-Mackenzie’s model. The addition of TeO2 reduced the packing density gradually. Besides, Young’s longitudinal, shear, and bulk moduli showed the same behavior. In contrast, the density and shielding properties enhanced progressively with increasing TeO2 instead B2O3, like mass attenuation coefficient, transmission factor, effective atomic number, radiation protection efficiency, charged particle range, etc. It can be concluded that adding TeO2 reduced the glass elasticity and enhanced radiation shielding features, leading to potential utilization in the gamma and charged particle shielding scope.

Absorption spectrum fitting method (ASF), DASF method and structural studies of Li2O–SrO–B2O3–MnO quaternary glass system

In this paper the quaternary glass system Li2O–SrO–B2O3–MnO was prepared by traditional melt-quenching technique. Alternative methods like Absorption Spectrum Fitting method (ASF) and Derivative Absorption Spectrum Fitting method (DASF) were put forward for the determination of optical energy band gap and Urbach energy values for the manganese doped lithium strontium borate glasses. These methods require only the measurement of the glass sample absorbance instead of thickness of the glass sample. The values of the optical band gap obtained using ASF and DASF methods were compared, and a good agreement between the values and similar trend was observed. In addition to the above two methods the FT-IR and Raman techniques are also employed to scrutinize the structural details of manganese doped lithium strontium borate glasses. The fraction of N4 and N3 values are also projected to investigate the structural changes of the obtained glass system.

Effect of Mn2+ ions on spectroscopic and electrical properties of lithium strontium borate glasses

Manganese doped lithium strontium borate glasses with chemical composition 25Li2O-15SrO-(60-x)B2O3-xMnO are prepared through the classical melt-quenching method and characterized by various techniques like XRD, DSC, optical absorption, EPR, Impedance spectra and AC conductivity. The XRD and DSC studies revealed the amorphous glassy nature of the prepared samples. The optical absorption spectra of the prepared inorganic glassy samples depict a single extensive absorption band at 470 nm attributed to the 6A1g(S)→4T1g(G) transition of Mn2+ ions belonging to d5 configuration in the octahedral symmetry sites. These spectra also substantiated that the octahedral Mn2+ ions were prevailing up to 0.8 mol% of MnO. The optical band gap energy and Urbach energies were evaluated from these spectra. The EPR spectra show three resonance signals positioned at g ≈ 2.0, 3.1 and 4.3 due to the Mn2+ paramagnetic ions. The resonance peak perceived at g ≈ 2.0 gives a predominant six-line hyperfine structure (hfs), a principal signature of Mn2+ ions. The hyperfine constant (Aavg), spin concentration (N), paramagnetic susceptibility (χ) and zero-field splitting (D) parameters of the prepared glass samples were evaluated and analyzed. The Nyquist (Cole-Cole) plots exhibit only one well-shaped semicircle (single-phase) throughout all the temperatures, which confirms the good homogeneity of the current glass system. The AC conductivity values of the prepared glassy samples are amplified with temperature and frequency. The AC conductivity values changed from 10−8 to 10−3 Ω−1cm−1. The LSBM8 glass sample has the highest AC conductivity; hence these glassy inorganic materials are suitable for solid-state battery applications and other opto-electronic device applications.

Effect of gamma rays on Zn/Cu doped strontium borate glass system for dosimetric applications

Abstract Two alkali strontium borate glasses containing Cu2+ or Zn2+ ions (0.15 mol%) has been prepared by melting annealing method. Some of the glasses dosimetric measurements have been performed; they were checked by ultraviolet-visible light measurement showing the specific peaks of Cu+/Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions. Upon γ-rays, glasses are sensitive to the absorbed dose in the range 0.4–15 kGy, revealing their light absorption. A gradual decrease in optical absorbance and DC electrical conductivity was detected with progressive irradiation. While a gradual increase in optical energy bandgap (Eopt) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was observed. The presence of transition metal ion (TM) with their variable configurations helps to trap the radiolytic electrons or holes during the color center recovery rates. UV–Vis and EPR dosimetric characteristics have high color stability with excellent short and long-term stability revealing their possible use as glass dosimeters in medical sterilization and food irradiation processing.

Spectroscopic investigation of Sm2O3-activated barium calcium strontium borate glasses for laser and display-devices applications

The Sm2O3-activated barium calcium strontium borate (BCSrSm) glasses were prepared via the melt-quenching route, and investigates important parameters such as absorption spectra, excitation, and luminescence, lifetime decay and luminescent color. The absorption-spectra exhibits ten absorption transitions related to the ground state (6H5/2)-to-excited states. The JO-parameters trend obtained for BCSSm glasses is as Ω4 > Ω6 > Ω2. The lower value of Ω2 of Sm3+ ions indicates weaker samarium-oxygen-bond’s covalency. High optical gain and high figure of merit, predicting the amplification of the laser medium, are relatively larger for 4G5/2→6H7/2. The alteration in the local environment around Sm3+ ions influence transitions’ intensities. Concentration quenching effect was observed for 0.5 mol% of Sm3+-ions concentration. the measured values are 1.732–0.706 ms and decreases as the content increases from 0.1 to 1.5 mol%. The CIE chromaticity coordinates of all glasses locate in the orange region and CCT 1720 K, showing the promising candidature of the present glasses for orange laser materials and display-devices applications.

Mechanical property evaluation of tellurite–germanate glasses and comparison of their radiation-shielding characteristics using EPICS2017 to other glass systems

Abstract In this study, four tellurite–germanate glasses containing zinc, lithium, and bismuth with varied Bi2O3 and TeO2 amounts were investigated. The mechanical qualities of sample glasses were investigated and associated with their structural properties. Furthermore, the radiation-shielding capabilities of N1–N4 glasses were evaluated at 0.662 MeV using EPICS2017. The radiation-shielding characteristics were compared with the radiation-shielding parameters published in the literature for various glass systems. When TeO2 was replaced with Bi2O3, Young’s and bulk moduli of the material decreased. The L values of glasses were higher than their S values (14–13 GPa), indicating that they can tolerate longitudinal stress better than shear stress and can be bent rather than elongated readily. The MACs calculated were comparable to those obtained using WinXcom. The tenth-value layer (TVL) of all of the sample glasses was higher than that of the bismuth aluminosilicate glasses. All of the borate glass systems containing bismuth, sodium, and antimony had lower TVLs than N1–N3 glasses. The half-value layer was more in the N4 glass with the greatest Bi2O3 content than those in 50 and 60 mol% PbO-containing strontium borate glasses.

Radiation-induced luminescence of Ce-doped SrO–B2O3 glasses

Abstract The performance of phosphors generally depends on the local coordination of activators. The luminescence properties are also affected by the excitation light source and radiation-induced luminescence, like X-ray-induced scintillation, is quite different from conventional photoluminescence (PL) excited by UV light. Here, we have examined the optical and luminescence properties of Ce3+ in strontium borate glasses. The pulse height spectra by 241Am irradiation indicate that the X-ray induced luminescence intensity detected consists of prompt scintillation and storage luminescence. Persistent luminescence at room temperature was clearly observed in B2O3-rich glass after X-ray and UV irradiation. In the present borate glass system, B2O3-rich glass exhibiting a deep optical absorption edge is favorable for high luminescence intensity by UV irradiation and storage luminescence, while SrO-rich glass is suitable for high detection ability of α-rays.

Examination of structure and optical properties of Ce3+-doped strontium borate glass by regression analysis

Amorphous materials with non-periodic structures are commonly evaluated based on their chemical composition, which is not always the best parameter to evaluate physical properties, and an alternative parameter more suitable for performance evaluation must be considered. Herein, we quantified various structural and physical properties of Ce-doped strontium borate glasses and studied their correlations by principal component analysis. We found that the density-driven molar volume is suitable for the evaluation of structural data, while chemical composition is better for the evaluation of optical and luminescent data. Furthermore, the borate-rich glasses exhibited a stronger luminescence due to Ce3+, indicating a higher fraction of BO3/2 ring and larger cavity. Moreover, the internal quantum efficiency was found to originate from the local coordination states of the Ce3+ centres, independent of composition or molar volume. The comparison of numerical data of the matrix is useful not only for ensuring the homogenous doping of amorphous materials by activators, but also for determining the origin of physical properties.

Synthesis of [formula omitted] glass system for the analysis of structural, optical and thermoluminescence properties

Neodymium doped sodium strontium borate (Nd3+:NaSrB) glass system has been synthesized using conventional melt quenching technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Diffused reflectance spectro-scopy (DRS) and Thermoluminescence (TL) characterization have been done to observe the effect of neodymium oxide concentration on physical, optical and dosimetric properties of the prepared glass system. XRD pattern exhibit two broad humps and the close analysis revealed the presence of rare-earth induced nano-cristoballite. FT-IR spectra have been deconvoluted to study the presence of different structural groups. Band-gap (Eg) has been calculated using the Kubelka-Munk method and is found to be sensitive to Nd2O3 concentration. Maximum TL intensity is obtained for the 0.2 mol% concentration of rare-earth oxide and the shift in the peak towards lower temperature with the inclusion of Nd2O3 indicates the formation of low-level traps. Our results suggest that, due to high TL efficiency, the glass sample with 0.2 mol% concentration of Nd2O3 is suitable for the dosimetric applications.

Sm3+ Doped Lithium Strontium Borate Glasses for Solid State Lighting Applications

The glasses of samarium (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mol %) doped lithium strontium borate samples were synthesized. The physical and optical properties are studied at ambient conditions and discussed in this study. XRD spectra reveals the no atomic order in structure (amorphous) present in these glasses. Infrared spectroscopic study reveals the structural units of borate viz., BO3 and BO4 group present in the matrix. Interestingly, it is found that as the rare earth concentration increases and beyond 1.5 mol % the luminescence intensity decreases due to non-bridging Sm3+ ions in the glass network. The peaks in absorption spectra are due to dipole transition from 6H5/2 to levels corresponds to (2S + 1)LJ excited states under the excitation wavelength of 402 nm. Judd–Ofelt theory applied to estimate dipole strength in terms of J–O parameters (Ω2, Ω4 and Ω6), oscillator strength (fexp and fcal), radiative transition possibility (AR), branching ratio (βR) and stimulated emission cross section (σ) of the glass samples. From Judd–Ofelt analysis the parameters obtained are shown for 1.50 mol % of Sm3+ doped lithium strontium borate (LSB) glasses studied, which were compared with other glasses. The obtained results suggest their potential candidature for using as solid state material lighting applications due their efficient orange emissions.

Thermoluminescence of Dysprosium Doped Strontium Borate Glass for (NA, LI, CA) Modifiers Irradiated to High Dose 60CO

This article reports the characteristics of thermoluminescence (TL) dosimeter of dysprosium doped strontium borate glass for NaO, Li2O, and CaO modifiers imposed by 10–90 Gy dose of 60Co gamma ray irradiation. The different elements are (70.0 – x) B2O3–20SrO–10NaO–xDy2O3, 10Li2O–20SrO–(70 – x)B2O3–(x)Dy2O3 and 10CaO–20SrO–(70.0 – x)B2O3–(x)Dy2O3 (x = 0, 0.10, 0.30, 0.50, 0.70 mol %). The glass was formed by melt quenching method and the ranges of Dy2O3 were 0.0 to 0.7 mol %. Calcium strontium borate doped with 0.3 mol % Dy2O3 shows very good linearity on dose response and gives an excellent sensitivity at 50 Gy dose of 60Co gamma ray irradiation. The samples N1, L1, C3 were completely amorphous. The optimums anneal temperature, time, concentration of Dy2O3 and heating rate were investigated for glass samples N1, L1, C3. The systematic characteristics of glow curve, TL intensity, reproducibility, sensitivity, kinetic parameters and effective atomic number were studied for three selected samples. All samples show the maximum peak from 154–200°C temperatures.

Effect of Er3+ on NaSrB glass: thermoluminescence and structural analysis

The present work reports the investigations on $${\text {Er}}^{3+}$$ -doped sodium–strontium–borate glasses for their structural, optical and thermoluminescence (TL) properties. While the amorphous nature of the prepared glasses is confirmed by the powdered X-ray diffraction (XRD), some interesting features were found in the structure and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) studies such as the nanocrystallization and the presence of $${\text {BO}}_3$$ and $${\text {BO}}_4$$ structural units. Some physical parameters such as ion concentration, polaron radius, inter-nuclear distance, and field strength are calculated and analyzed. Optical band gap was found to be sensitive to the concentration of the dopants. TL glow curve exhibits a single peak but it shifts with variation in concentration of $${\text {Er}}_2{\text {O}}_3$$ . Calculation of kinetic parameters show that the prepared glasses exhibit second-order kinetics. The effective atomic number $${\text {(Z}}_{\text{eff}})$$ of prepared glasses is also calculated which indicates their suitability for application in radiation dosimetry.

Temperature-dependent luminescence of Ce-doped SrO-B2O3 glasses

In this study, the photoluminescence (PL) and X-ray-induced scintillation of trivalent cerium, Ce3+, in strontium borate glasses was examined. As no precipitated crystallites were observed, the slight coloration of the glasses was attributed to the formation of defects that are inactive in electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Both the Ce3+/(Ce3++Ce4+) ratio, which was estimated based on the Ce LIII-edge in X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis, and the internal quantum efficiency of Ce-doped glasses increased as the amount of Ce(OCOCH3)3·H2O, which acted as a reducing agent, was increased. Although the PL intensity was independent of the temperature in the range of 10–300 K, the X-ray induced scintillation exhibited thermal quenching behavior with an activation energy of 0.14 eV.

Gamma Irradiation Effect on Structural and Spectral Properties of CeO2, Nd2O3, Gd2O3 or Dy2O3 – Doped Strontium Borate Glass

Some selected rare – earth (RE) doped strontium borate glasses were prepared by a melting / annealing technique. Optical, FTIR and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were measured before and after gamma irradiation with a dose of 10 Mrad (10 × 104 Gy). The optical absorption spectrum of undoped glass reveals a strong UV absorption band at 231 nm and with gamma irradiation the intensity of the UV peak increases with the generation of an additional induced visible broad band centered at 570 nm. Rare – earth – doped glasses show the appearance of additional small visible peaks in the Nd2O3 and Dy2O3 – doped glasses while the CeO2 and Gd2O3 glasses reveal only the UV absorption peak as for the undoped sample. Gamma irradiation produces an additional induced visible band in the Gd2O3 and Dy2O3 samples only, while CeO2 – doped glass shows obvious shielding resistance to gamma irradiation and its optical spectrum remains unchanged. Infrared absorption spectral measurements indicate that both triangular and tetrahedral borate units (BO3, BO4) are distinctly vibrating at their specific wavenumbers; the BO4 groups within the range 800 – 1200 cm− 1 while the BO3 groups are within the range 1200 – 1450 cm− 1. Gamma irradiation or the addition of rare – earth dopants causes no distinct variations in the number or position of the main IR vibrational bands due to the two coordination states of the borates. Photoluminescence spectra of rare – earth doped glasses show variable responses after excitation depending on the type of RE – dopant. The doped glasses after gamma irradiation (10 Mrad) exhibit darkness or deeping of their colors and show no distinct emission spectra.