Strong Resilience Research Articles

The Impact of Green Innovation Capacity on Urban Economic Resilience: Evidence from China’s Yangtze River Delta Region

Urban green innovation plays a crucial role in achieving sustainable urban economic development, and urban economic resilience is an important manifestation of urban economic development. This prese nt study aims to investigate how green innovation contributes to urban economies’ resilience, which is essential for long-term urban agglomeration expansion and sustainable economic development. To decrease subjectivity and achieve comprehensive evaluation, this study first constructs an index system for evaluating green innovation capability on urban economic resilience, which contains 21 indicators in three areas, including innovation input, innovation output, and green innovation foundation, and the performs a scientific evaluation using the TOPSIS method. On this basis, using the Super-SBM model, the green innovation efficiency value of cities in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) is calculated. Finally, ArcGIS 10.8 software is used to classify the economic resilience of the 26 cities in the YRD city cluster and analyze the spatial layout characteristics of urban economic resilience. The results show that: (1) the decision evaluation model used in this study is stable and effective, and it can effectively address the issues of subjective assessment processes and information redundancy; (2) green innovation capacity has a positive contribution to urban economic resilience, and its contribution is more significant for cities with strong economic strength; and (3) the green innovation capacity of the YRD city cluster is unevenly distributed, with Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, and Nanjing having high levels of green innovation capacity and strong urban economic resilience, thus forming the core area of cities radiating outward, showing a “core-edge” spatially. Finally, suggestions for improving the overall economic resilience of urban agglomerations are provided.

Migrant healthcare workers: exploring resilience and capacity for circular migration

Abstract Background This study focuses on migrant healthcare workers’ experiences and explores mobility patterns in the middle of a global health crisis, aiming to explore the capacity for circular migration and support effective equitable healthcare workforce policy. Methods Romanian physicians working in Germany served as an empirical case study. We applied a qualitative explorative approach; interviews (n = 21) were collected from mid of September to early November 2022 and content analysis was performed. Results Migrant physicians showed strong resilience during the COVID-19 crisis and rarely complained. Commitment to high professional standards and career development were major pull factors towards Germany, while perceptions of limited career choices, nepotism and corruption in Romania caused strong push mechanisms. We identified two major mobility patterns that may support circular migration policies: well-integrated physicians with a wish to give something back to their home country, and mobile cosmopolitan physicians who flexibly balance career opportunities and personal/family interests. Conclusions Health policy must establish systematic monitoring of the migrant healthcare workforce including actor-centred approaches, support integration in destination countries as well as health system development in sending countries, and invest in evidence-based circular migration policy. Key messages • Effective retention policy must consider mobility patterns of healthcare workers and motivational factors, calling for systematic data and research evidence. • Major push and pull factors reveal strong interconnectedness of healthcare systems and policy in sending and receiving countries, calling for more equitable health workforce policy.

Online/offline remote data auditing with strong key-exposure resilience for cloud storage

Remote Data Auditing (RDA) with key-exposure resilience enables secure cloud data storage both earlier and later than the key exposure happens. However, most of existing solutions suffer from the security attack during the key-exposed time period, meaning the cloud server can still discard or tamper with the data owner’s files in the key-exposure period. While others require a secure channel for key update, which is unrealistic and expensive under key-exposure scenarios. In this paper, we construct an online/offline RDA framework with strong key-exposure resilience, called S-OORDA, which can resist strong key-exposure attacks and achieve the integrity verification for cloud data efficiently. Then based on the framework, we present a concrete S-OORDA scheme supporting the data owner’s secret key evolution without the secure channel. And the authenticators can be updated remotely at each time period, so as to prevent the attackers to forge the authenticators using the exposed auditing secret keys. Meanwhile, the data auditing process of the proposed scheme is divided to online and offline phases, greatly relieving the online computational burden of both the data owner and the third-party auditor. Security and performance analysis confirm that the proposed scheme meets the desired security and has the optimized efficiency.

Analysis of The Government’s Role in Implementing Presidential Regulation (PERPRES) Number 72 of 2021 on Accelerating Stunting Reduction in Efforts to Maintain National Resilience

The audit and economic consulting firm PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC) has published a study that predicts Indonesia's economic position could reach the 5th rank globally. This is based on Indonesia entering the demographic bonus era, where the productive-age population exceeds the non-productive age group. The demographic bonus presents a golden opportunity for the economic and social development of Indonesia. However, according to data from the 2022 National Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI), the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is at 21.6%, just below the WHO standard of 20%. This has caught the government's attention, leading to the issuance of Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 72 of 2021 on Accelerating Stunting Reduction. It is hoped that the stunting issue in Indonesia will be addressed promptly because stunting not only has the potential to cause future health crises but also poses a barrier to achieving strong national resilience. This research aims to understand the role of the government in implementing Presidential Regulation Number 72 of 2021 on accelerating stunting reduction in efforts to maintain national resilience. This study uses a normative juridical research method, which involves examining literature and secondary data. The research results indicate that it will be challenging to maintain national sovereignty if the future generation of the nation experiences low learning ability and is at risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity due to poor nutrition or stunting.

Radiographic Identification of Dental Anomalies in Selected Telugu Population of Andhra Pradesh, India

The basic objective of any forensic examination involving unidentified human remains is to identify the individual(s). The forensic significance of teeth can be attributed to their strong resilience to explosive and thermal stress, as well as the possibly unique personal information that can be gleaned from their analysis. Furthermore, the morphology of teeth varies between (and within) populations and sexes. Anomalies in the teeth are a common component of macroscopic dental morphological differences. The current study assesses the incidence of certain dental abnormalities in Population of Andhrapradesh. This study was carried out using Pretreatment records of 630 patients of Andhra Pradesh, India. The Radiographs were reviewed for Dental Anomalies.The anomaly, number of teeth affected, and the location of Anomaly were recorded. To find correlations between dental abnormalities and gender, a Chi-square test was carried out using SPSS software. Of the 630 patients screened 427 (67.7%) presented with at least one anomaly and 203(32.3%) subjects showed no anomaly. Hypodontia is the most prevalent anomaly(38.25%) followed by Impaction(17.30%) and Rotation (17.14%). Anodontia(0.79%) and Hyperdontia(0.95%) are the least prevalent anomalies. Statistical study revealed that dental abnormalities were independent of sex. The prevalence and impact of dental anomalies in various population groups may provide important information for phylogenic and genetic studies, allowing us to comprehend intra and inter-population variation.

Naturally derived highly resilient and adhesive hydrogels with application as surgical adhesive

The inadequacy of conventional surgical techniques for wound closure and repair in soft and resilient tissues may lead to poor healing outcomes such as local tissue fibrosis and contracture. Therefore, the development of adhesive and resilient hydrogels that can adhere firmly to irregular and dynamic wound interfaces and provide a “tension-free proximity” environment for tissue regeneration has become extremely important. Herein, we describe an integrated modeling-experiment-application strategy for engineering a promising hydrogel-based bioadhesive based on recombinant human collagen (RHC) and catechol-modified hyaluronic acid (HA-Cat). Molecular modeling and simulations were used to verify and explore the hypothesis that RHC and HA-Cat can form an assembly complex through physical interactions. The complex was synergistically crosslinked via a catechol/o-quinone coupling reaction and a carbodiimide coupling reactions, resulting in superior hydrogels with strong adhesion and resilience properties. The application of this bioadhesive to tissue adhesion and wound sealing in vivo was successfully demonstrated, with an optimum collagen index, epidermal thickness, and lowest scar width. Furthermore, subcutaneous implantation demonstrated that the bioadhesive exhibited good biocompatibility and degradability. This newly developed hydrogel may be a highly promising surgical adhesive for medical applications, including wound closure and repair.

Comparing water uptake patterns of two tree species using stable isotopes on the Loess Plateau, China

AbstractThe water consumption mechanism of plantations is important to understand for the selection of afforestation tree species and sustainable watershed management in semi‐arid regions. In this study, Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabuliformis, which are commonly planted on the Loess Plateau of China, were selected to investigate the possible difference in water uptake modes. In 2019–2020, the stable isotopic compositions (δ2H, δ18O) of precipitation and the xylem and soil water of these two trees were sampled and compared using the direct inference approach and MixSIAR model. The difference in soil moisture was also measured. The results showed that the δ18O content of surface soil water (0–40 cm) was closely related to precipitation, while that of deep soil layers (100–200 cm) remained stable. The MixSIAR model performed appropriately in quantifying water apportionment, especially in the drought year of 2019. In July–August 2019, R. pseudoacacia showed strong drought resilience by absorbing water from the deep soil. The 0–40 cm and 100–200 cm soil layers contributed 0.325 and 0.376 to water absorption of R. pseudoacacia, and 0.675 and 0.151 to that of P. tabuliformis, respectively. However, there was a minor difference in the soil water uptake modes between the two species in the humid year of 2020. Compared with P. tabuliformis, R. pseudoacacia increased its consumption of water by 9.9% and 25.1% in the drought and humid year, respectively, which indicated that R. pseudoacacia plantations may contributed to drier deep soil layers. This study helps to improve our understanding of the water uptake mechanisms of common afforestation tree species on the Loess Plateau.

Urban Resilience of Important Node Cities in Population Migration under the Influence of COVID-19 Based on Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System

COVID-19 has resulted in a great inconvenience and has had a severe impact on the economy and residents’ daily life in China and even the world. Urban resilience, as the key representation of social and economic stability, can directly reflect the development and stability of cities. In addition, the Mamdani fuzzy inference system (MFIS), as one of the commonly used fuzzy inference systems, has been successfully applied in various application problems involving imprecise or vague information since it was proposed. In this paper, we mainly consider the urban resilience of 50 important node cities for population migration (50INCPM) in China in 2020 under the influence of COVID-19. We apply MFIS for approximating the urban resilience index (URI) based on multiple inputs, which includes the population density resilience index (PRI), gross domestic product per capita resilience index (GRI), in-degree centrality resilience index (IRI), out-degree centrality resilience index (ORI), confirmed cases number (CCN), recovery rate (RR) and mortality rate (MR). Meanwhile, based on the big data of population migration and COVID-19 data in China from 15 January to 15 March in 2020, we calculate the URI of 50INCPM in China in 2020 under the influence of COVID-19. Moreover, we show the spatial difference of URI and its changes in different stages. The results show that (1) the URI of 50INCPM decreases from the eastern coastal area to the western inland, and the cities with URI more than 0.5 are gathered in the eastern coastal area of China. As COVID-19 is controlled, the URI is gradually rising, and the growth rate of URI in southeast coastal cities exceeds that of inland cities. (2) The second-tier and third-tier cities have stronger resilience in the case of large-scale emergencies. (3) There exists a positive correlation in URI and RR. The expectation of the research finding gives a basis for judging the economic and social situation under the impact of COVID-19, which can help local governments accurately judge city resilience, and provide a reference for the decision on resuming production and work, so it is of positive significance for national economic resilience and social stability. Finally, on the basis of universal vaccine coverage, we hold that the GOC should promote the cities’ resilience in China, especially in the first-tier city in inland China (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen). On the other hand, on the premise of implementing epidemic prevention and control measures, local governments should stimulate the resilience of each city in terms of population and economy.

Parents' role in providing mental health for children of bullying victims

This study aimed to collaborate the role of parents in supporting the mental health of children who experience bullying. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach, based on data collection techniques, obtained from the results of interviews, observations, and literature studies as theories and supporting data. Data were analyzed systematically by steps such as searching, organizing, reducing, presenting, drawing conclusions, and verifying data obtained through observation, interviews, and data collection in the field. According to research findings, the forms of bullying mostly occurred were verbal (hurtful words) and physical treatments, both of which can degrade a child. The impact of bullying on victims included a decrease in children's self-confidence and children feeling less valuable to themselves. They also experienced feelings of resentment, closure, sadness, pressure from the surrounding environment, depression, anger, and discomfort, which causes them to doubt the presence of those around them. The role of parents is very important in fortifying the mental health of these children. Parents need to constantly approach their children, provide support, advice and help them develop strong mental resilience. In addition, parents must help children in giving a healthy perspective and children can accept well, one of the efforts of parents is to teach an attitude of never giving up, especially in pursuing higher education.

FROM CONFLICT TO COOPERATION: HOW SYNTHETIC RUBBER INSTRUMENTAL IN CULMINATING JAPAN-ASEAN TIES

This article analyzes the overview of Japan-ASEAN relations since their interaction 50 years ago. Japan-ASEAN relations in the late 1960s and early 1970s were less encouraging due to dissatisfaction involving the issue of synthetic rubber in 1972-1974 as well as the unwelcoming response during Kakuei Tanaka’s visit to five ASEAN member countries in 1974. This article partly uses a primary source obtained from the National Archives of Malaysia which is a declassified documents prepared in December 1972 by officials from Malaysia’s main ministries on the threat of Japanese synthetic rubber. It is necessary to state that the approach taken by these bureaucrats is through a "softening up" measure instead of “hard-bargaining tactics” to find the best solution by proposing the ASEAN platform as a strategy for dealing with the Japanese government. This article provides a laconic view of the extent to which Japan’s relations with ASEAN encountered difficulties along the journey before arriving to the current phase. The relationship has reflected strong resilience and bond based on mutual interests and shared responsibility in promoting regional harmony and development.

Adjuvantation of whole-killed Leishmania vaccine with anti-CD200 and anti-CD300a antibodies potentiates its efficacy and provides protection against wild-type parasites

One of the major reasons behind the limited success of vaccine candidates against all forms of leishmaniasis is the inability of parasitic antigens to induce robust cell-mediated immunity and immunological memory. Here we find, for the first time, that the adjuvantation of whole-killed Leishmania vaccine (Leishvacc) with anti-CD200 and anti-CD300a antibodies enhances CD4+ T cells mediated immunity in vaccinated mice and provides protection against wild-type parasites. The antibody adjuvantation, either alone or with a TLR4 agonist monophosphoryl A (MPL-A), induced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines viz., IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 by antigen experienced CD4+ T cells, and also enhanced their rate of conversion into their memory phenotypes against Leishvacc antigens. The antibody adjuvanted vaccine also promoted the generation of IgG2a-mediated protective humoral immunity in vaccinated mice. Further, the mice vaccinated with antibodies adjuvanted vaccine showed strong resilience against metacyclic forms of L. donovani parasites as we observed reduced clinical features such as splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, granulomatous tissues in the liver, and parasitic load in their spleen. The findings of this study demonstrate that the anti-CD200 and anti-CD300a antibodies have potential to increase the protective efficacy of the whole-killed Leishmania vaccine, and opens up a new gateway to diversify the roles of immune checkpoints in vaccine development against leishmaniasis.

STRUCTURING RESILIENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY

Resilience is a dimension with a pronounced multidisciplinary character covering a wide range of areas of society, which gives it a fluid profile and difficult to fit into a conceptual-functional typology. The interest in resilience is undoubtedly one of the trends of the current decade, however precursory elements are found throughout history in the most diverse forms of manifestation. As in the case of other dimensions explored in recent years from the perspective of European cooperation in the field of security and defence, resilience was quickly integrated into the steps carried out under the auspices of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), becoming one of the key objectives of the European Union’s external action toolkit and, last but not least, of the operational commitments carried out globally by this organization. The contribution of the EU Global Security Strategy (EUGS) in designing resilience as a central element of the European security and defence cooperation agenda was defining. The main direction promoted by the EUGS was to strengthen resilience aspects in external action, while taking a structured approach to exploring options for strengthening internal resilience. Subsequently, the outbreak of the war in Ukraine as a result of Russia’s aggression additionally valued the strategic significance of states’ resilience and, subsequently, the importance of the EU’s contribution in this direction. This study is aiming to bring into light the way in which CSDP answers to the challenge of consolidating the resilience. In this vein, the methodological approach that was implemented responded the multidisciplinary character of this topic. In order to consolidate the comprehensive character of the present study, a historical perspective has been used that correlates the evolution of resilience in EU context with the development of various CSDP instruments. In this sense, an important direction of research is represented by the interaction between resilience and EU’s external action and how the EU response to crisis situations has evolved. To a similar extent, this paper approached the resilience from the perspective of internal security of European Union, especially in the context of the war in Ukraine. A special note is made on how the latest EU strategic document (Strategic Compass) placed resilience as being one of the strategic objectives of CSDP. Given all of these aspects, the main conclusions of the article are emphasising the importance of adequate calibration of national approach in generating resilience, not only in the conceptual area but also on the practical aspects such as capabilities and resources required by a strong resilience. At the same time, a special attention is given to how the partnership and external interaction, especially between EU and NATO, are tailored to enhance and complement the national contributions in the field of resilience.

Noninvasive hemodynamic indices of vascular aging: an in silico assessment.

Vascular aging (VA) involves structural and functional changes in blood vessels that contribute to cardiovascular disease. Several noninvasive pulse wave (PW) indices have been proposed to assess the arterial stiffness component of VA in the clinic and daily life. This study investigated 19 of these indices, identified in recent review articles on VA, by using a database comprising 3,837 virtual healthy subjects aged 25-75 yr, each with unique PW signals simulated under various levels of artificial noise to mimic real measurement errors. For each subject, VA indices were calculated from filtered PW signals and compared with the precise theoretical value of aortic Young's modulus (EAo). In silico PW indices showed age-related changes that align with in vivo population studies. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and all pulse wave velocity (PWV) indices showed strong linear correlations with EAo (Pearson's rp > 0.95). Carotid distensibility showed a strong negative nonlinear correlation (Spearman's rs < -0.99). CAVI and distensibility exhibited greater resilience to noise compared with PWV indices. Blood pressure-related indices and photoplethysmography (PPG)-based indices showed weaker correlations with EAo (rp and rs < 0.89, |rp| and |rs| < 0.84, respectively). Overall, blood pressure-related indices were confounded by more cardiovascular properties (heart rate, stroke volume, duration of systole, large artery diameter, and/or peripheral vascular resistance) compared with other studied indices, and PPG-based indices were most affected by noise. In conclusion, carotid-femoral PWV, CAVI and carotid distensibility emerged as the superior clinical VA indicators, with a strong EAo correlation and noise resilience. PPG-based indices showed potential for daily VA monitoring under minimized noise disturbances.NEW & NOTEWORTHY For the first time, 19 noninvasive pulse wave indices for assessing vascular aging were examined together in a single database of nearly 4,000 subjects aged 25-75 yr. The dataset contained precise values of the aortic Young's modulus and other hemodynamic measures for each subject, which enabled us to test each index's ability to measure changes in aortic stiffness while accounting for confounding factors and measurement errors. The study provides freely available tools for analyzing these and additional indices.

Impact of cost approximation on the efficiency of collaborative regulation resolution mechanisms

Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM) measures are often used to alleviate capacity demand imbalances. Usually, these measures impose a departure delay on flights crossing the airspace in question, where delay is assigned on a “First Planned First Served” (FPFS) base, which minimises total delay. Since delays typically have a different impact on individual flights in terms of cost, a procedure based on cost minimisation could reduce delay-related costs. User-Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is developing a set of solutions aimed at allowing airlines to rearrange their flights within their own slots assigned by the FPFS rule. Inter-airline cost reducing approaches are still missing, but several works have been launched in this direction, using either central optimisations or market-based mechanisms.We analyse the impact of cost approximations procedures, integral part of certain inter-airline mechanisms, overall likely to be used by airlines or the Network Manager (that manages ATFM measures). Using cost models and simulations to collect the true cost of delay profiles, we show that the impact of cost approximations have been severely underestimated, leaving little room for new mechanisms to improve over UDPP. Moreover, we show that the errors made by the airlines on their own costs, expected at least for some airlines, further deteriorate the situation, including UDPP. However, we find that approximation procedures create a strong resilience to these errors, showing how both UDPP and inter-airline procedures may benefit from not having the airlines communicate their detailed costs. Thus, we find that any design of new mechanisms could include a cost approximation procedure in order to increase its resilience.

Two negatives make an affirmative: can extreme flooding reduce the expansion of invasive submerged macrophyte in a large river?

Plant invasion and extreme climate event are both important ecological issues under the background of global climate change. However, how these two incidents interact with each other is still debatable in different ecosystems. In this study we investigated the interaction between the extreme flooding event during the autumn of 2021 in the Han River and the invasion of Elodea nuttallii based on a long-term field survey from 2020 to 2023 and two indoor controlled experiments (propagule bank experiment and decomposition experiment). We hypothesized that two negatives (extreme flooding event and invasive submerged macrophytes) can make an affirmative (macrophyte community consisting of native species). The field survey found that the extreme flooding caused a critical change of transparency until seven months later the water quality turned into the initial condition, and the maximum biomass of E. nuttallii decreased significantly in 2022 after the flooding. Abundant propagule bank of native macrophytes in the sediment contributed to the strong resilience of macrophyte community responding to the extreme flooding; the maximum total biomass of macrophyte community in 2022 did not differ from that in the two years prior to the flooding. Additionally, more species of native macrophyte was found in the field survey after the extreme flooding. Decomposition rates of E. nuttallii fragments was large as 0.69 d−1, and long-time high turbidity lead to a very fast run-out of the only reproduction tissue (fragments) of this alien species in the river, which resulted in the slowing of its recovery. Inspired by this study, we further proposed a cost-effective methodology to control the invasive species E. nuttallii, i.e., the combination of propagule bank of native macrophytes in the sediment and artificially manipulated pulse flooding.

Image encryption using fission diffusion process and a new hyperchaotic map

This paper devises an effective image encryption algorithm that exploits a novel hyperchaotic map and is applicable to a variety of image encryption scenarios. The newly designed hyperchaotic map exhibits enhanced ergodicity, more intricate behavior, and a substantial chaotic range, as revealed by performance evaluation. The encryption algorithm under consideration utilizes a newly developed hyperchaotic map in conjunction with fission diffusion and permutation operations. Fission diffusion effectively spreads minor changes throughout the entire image, while permutation operations relocate these changes to various positions within the image. The results of the performance analysis demonstrate that the algorithm exhibits strong resilience against various attack patterns, while also exhibiting high levels of encryption efficiency.

Trilobites showed strong resilience capacity through the Late Devonian events despite an inexorable decline

The Kellwasser events constituted a major biocrisis at the Frasnian–Famennian boundary, that killed many organisms. The subsequent Hangenberg event also had important effects on marine fauna, although it is not traditionally considered a mass extinction. This study aims to understand the tempo and mode of the Late Devonian extinctions using trilobites as a case of study. To estimate the trilobite dynamics both taxonomic richness and morphological disparity were assessed. The diversity was calculated using conodont biozones, which provide a high-resolution timeline, allowing tracking changes in taxonomic richness and the environmental events implied. The morphological disparity was analysed using space occupancy measures and visualized in morphospaces. The Frasnian began with a diversification of trilobites at generic levels. The number of orders remained constant and relatively high with the presence of Corynexochida, Harpetida, Odontopleurida, Phacopida and Proetida. Environmental conditions were favourable for the proliferation of trilobites until the late Frasnian. However, the Kellwasser events disrupted trilobite evolution, leading to a double extinction event. A first random extinction affected low taxonomic levels, while the second extinction was selective, causing losses at both the generic and order levels, and a strong decrease in morphological disparity. Nonetheless, in response to the end-Frasnian environmental changes, blind and reduced-eye trilobites became more common. Following a dip in generic richness at the beginning of the Famennian, the two surviving orders, Phacopida and Proetida, recovered. Although no novelties characterized them, they partially refilled the morphospace. A slight decline occurred in the middle Famennian before a strong morphological and taxonomical diversification was identified in the expansa and preasulcata zones. The final Hangenberg event at the end of the Famennian affected trilobites at all taxonomic ranks as the Kellwasser events. Only Proetida survived.

The Effect of Post-Traumatic Training on Community Resilience in the Covid-19 Pandemic in Tabanan Tourism Village

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a stressful and traumatic impact on tourism practitioners in Bali. A pandemic requires people to adapt and have strong resilience to pandemic conditions. In order to increase the capacity of community resilience, actions and methods are needed to be given to the community. Post-Traumatic Training is an effort to improve community resilience. Tabanan tourist village is one of the community-based tours in Bali. The formulation of the research problem is whether there was an effect of Post-Traumatic Training on community resilience during the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Tabanan Tourism Village. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Post-Traumatic Training on community resilience during the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Tabanan Tourism Village. The method in this study is analytic descriptive method with a quasi-experimental method with a pre-post test with a control group. The sample of this research is the respondent who resides/lives in the Tourism Village area of ??Tabanan Regency. The sample was divided into 30 experimental groups and 30 control groups. The experimental group was given Post-Traumatic Training, while the control group did not receive Post-Traumatic Training. Collecting data using a resilience questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results of the study obtained a p-value &lt;0.05 which means that there was an effect of post-traumatic training on community resilience during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Tabanan Tourism Village. The suggestion from this research is that it is hoped that this post-traumatic training program can be continued on an ongoing basis and can be disseminated to tourist villages in other regions.

A powerful strategy to improve aerobic granular sludge stability towards organic shock loadings with varying carbon/nitrogen ratios: Weak magnetic field

The organic shock loadings with varying ratios of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) caused by fluctuations of wastewater flowrate and concentration inflict a great threat on the stability of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in practical applications. Herein, the present work proposed an enhanced shock-loading-tolerance strategy for AGS by applying a weak magnetic field (WMF). Results indicated that aerobic granules exposed in WMF kept a significant propagation regardless of the various influent organic concentrations, while those in the control reactor exhibited inadaptability with decreasing biomass concentration and bioactivity at lean substrate conditions. The enhanced extracellular polymeric substances regulating process might be one of the inducement mechanisms to cope with organic shock loadings of WMF. In addition, the AGS system in WMF showed its strong resilience in terms of the ammonia and phosphate removal. Magnetic field could inhibit the overgrowth of filamentous bacteria, and the enhanced tolerance for organic shock loadings might attribute to the enrichment of functional microbes related to structural stability such as Firmicutes and Candidatus_Competibacter. Therefore, this work revealed the enhanced mechanisms of magnetic field for improving the AGS stability towards organic shock loadings, promoting the full-scale engineering applications of both AGS and magnetization technologies in wastewater treatment.

Unravelling the resilience of magnetite assisted granules to starvation and oxytetracycline stress

Starvation and antibiotics pollution are two frequent perturbations during breeding wastewater treatment process. Supplying magnetite into anaerobic system has been proved efficient to accelerate microbial aggregates and alleviate the adverse effect caused by process disturbance. Nevertheless, whether these magnetite-based granules are still superior over normal granules after a long-term starvation period remains unknown, the responsiveness of these granules to antibiotics stress is also ambiguous. In current study, we investigated the resilience of magnetite-based anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS) to starvation and oxytetracycline (OTC) stress, by unravelling the variations of reactor performance, sludge properties, ARGs dissemination and microbial community. Compared with the AnGS formed without magnetite, the magnetite assisted AnGS appeared more robust defense to starvation and OTC stress. With magnetite supplement, the average methane yield after starvation recovery, 50 mg/L and 200 mg/L OTC stress was enhanced by 48.95%, 115.87% and 488.41%, respectively, accompanied with less VFAs accumulation, improved tetracycline removal rate (76.3–86.6% vs. 51.0–53.5%) and higher ARGs reduction. Meanwhile, magnetite supplement effectively ameliorated the potential sludge breakage by triggering more large granules formation. Trichococcus was considered an important impetus in maintaining the stability of magnetite-based AnGS process. By inducing more syntrophic methanogenesis partnerships, especially for hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, magnetite ensured the improved reactor performance and stronger resilience at stress conditions.