Ultra-large Stokes-shifted NIR fluorescent probe for diagnosis of APAP-induced liver injury and its applications in food and bioimaging.

Identification of roasting degree and interpretability analysis of Yunnan arabica coffee beans based on multi-dimensional visual features and CNNs-SHAP.

Undisturbed granite residual soil (UGRS) in its natural state has gained attention for its broad engineering applications. Compared to remolded soils, it closely mimics natural conditions, holds unique significance in geotechnical engineering, crucial for stability analyses, environmental protection, and infrastructure development. In this study, the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) of UGRS were measured using indirect methods, including Pressure plate method (PPM), Filter paper method (FPM) and Vapor equilibrium method (VEM) under different wet-dry cycles. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) was conducted to obtain the pore size distribution (PSD), from which the SWCC was derived. A key novelty of this study lies in the systematic comparison and integration of experimental and pore-structure-derived SWCCs, revealing that the combination of FPM, VEM, and MIP without performing PPM can reliably cover the entire suction range while significantly reducing testing time. Test results indicate that the combination of PPM, FPM, and VEM can cover the entire range of matric suction of UGRS. However, discrepancies arise in the overlapping section where PPM records higher values than FPM. The SWCC can be derived through calculations based on the PSD of MIP. The SWCC calculated by MIP closely aligns with PPM in the low suction range of 0-100kPa, which is the primary range of engineering concern. The combination of FPM, VEM and MIP without the PPM is the optimal method for entire suction range SWCC determination of UGRS, ensuring data accuracy while mitigating the prolonged time consumption and high data points in the low suction section of the PPM. The SWCC of UGRS can be fitted using the Fredlund&Xing model. The fitting parameters of the SWCC of UGRS can establish a strong linear correlation with the number of wet-dry cycles, enabling the establishment of a model that predicts the SWCC of UGRS across the entire suction range by incorporating pore structure evolution and cyclic effects. The results offer an efficient and accurate alternative for full-range SWCC determination and provide a basis for predicting hydraulic behavior of UGRS under cyclic environmental conditions.

A highly selective optical sensor has been proposed for the detection of europium ion (Eu³ + ). The sensor was fabricated by embedding 2-amino-4-(3-nitrophenylazo) pyridine-3-ol (ANPAP) as the ionophore onto a clear agarose matrix. Spectrophotometric analysis of the interaction between ANPAP and various metal ions, such as Ca 2+ , Mn 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Pb 2+ , Fe 2+ , Cr³ + , Fe³ + , Sm³ + , Pr³ + , Eu³ + , Gd³ + , Er³ + , Lu³ + , La³ + , Sc³ + , Hg 2+ , Sr 2+ , Au³ + , and Al³ + in a buffered solution, demonstrated significantly higher stability for the Eu³ + ion complex. This was accompanied by a distinct change in color from yellow to blue, which emphasized the high selectivity of the ionophore for Eu³ + . A change in color from yellow to blue was observed when the sensing membrane was exposed to Eu³ + ions at pH 4.75. Factors such as ionophore concentration, pH, temperature, reaction time, and ionic strength were assessed. A strong linear correlation between Eu³ + ion concentration and the membrane absorbance at 444 nm was found within the range of 12.5–165 ng/mL, with an R 2 value of 0.995. No significant interference in determining Eu³ + ions was observed from the presence of potentially competing ions, even at concentrations 150 times high. The key characteristics of the optode developed, including reproducibility, regeneration capability, response time, and durability, are discussed in detail. The optode has been successfully used to detect Eu³ + ions accurately in spiked water samples from the environment.

Estimating proton density fat fraction using computed tomography attenuation in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in a prospective clinical cohort.

Chiral substances such as proline and glutamine have garnered increasing attention due to their distinct biological roles in different enantiomeric forms. In this study, proline and glutamine were investigated using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman spectroscopy, and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). PXRD confirmed the crystalline structures of the samples, while Raman spectroscopy showed limited ability to distinguish between enantiomers. In contrast, THz-TDS enabled clear differentiation based on peak positions and intensities. Quantitative analysis reveals a strong linear correlation between concentration and THz response. For L-proline, the average prediction accuracy attains 96% based on peak amplitude and 98% based on peak area. Similarly, for L-glutamine, the corresponding accuracies are 96% and 92%, respectively. Notably, the most effective indicators are the peak area of L-proline at 2.08 THz (R2 = 0.99980) and the peak amplitude of L-glutamine at 1.71 THz (R2 = 0.98521). Furthermore, THz spectral characteristics consistent with those of pure samples were observed in two commercial dietary supplements. These findings demonstrate that THz spectroscopy offers a rapid and effective method for identifying chiral active ingredients in dietary supplements.

A Hybrid-Frequency Sampling Tactile Sensing System Based on a Flexible Piezoresistive Sensor Array is presented for reliable and real-time tactile perception under dynamic loading conditions. While recent studies have developed multi-channel tactile arrays, most systems remain limited by time-dependent drift in channel responses, inconsistent dynamic behavior, or insufficient temporal resolution under simultaneous loading. In this work, a system-level design integrating a flexible piezoresistive sensor array with a real-time data acquisition module is developed, incorporating a hybrid-frequency sampling strategy to reduce system complexity while preserving reliable dynamic response in key sensing channels. Register-Transfer Level (RTL) simulation verified that the hardware scheduler rigorously executed the deterministic scanning logic, demonstrating a strict one-to-one correspondence with the physical hardware signals. The array consists of 34 piezoresistive sensing nodes embedded in an elastomeric substrate. Under the implemented hybrid-frequency sampling scheme, the system achieves an overall effective acquisition bandwidth of approximately 36.9 kHz, while maintaining a repeatability better than 4.9% and robust mechanical durability under cyclic bending deformation. Dynamic loading validation was performed using a self-developed pressure comparison platform for measuring the normal contact force applied on the tactile surface, serving as ground-truth data to verify that the voltages acquired by the proposed system accurately correspond to the actual applied force. Quantitative analysis shows a strong linear correlation (R2 ≈ 0.98) between the e-skin outputs and the reference forces. The recorded responses exhibit clear intensity-dependent trends and good temporal correspondence among sensing nodes, successfully distinguishing tactile stimuli such as gentle tapping, moderate pressing, and firm contact. The system also captures dynamic tactile responses during finger stroking, showing characteristic multi-unit activation patterns under spatiotemporally varying contact conditions. Compared with previously reported tactile systems typically operating below 100 Hz, the proposed design achieves an approximately 10× enhancement in effective sampling capability while significantly reducing system complexity through hybrid-frequency sampling, thereby supporting reliable dynamic tactile sensing in multi-unit arrays. These results demonstrate that the proposed system provides a practical and scalable hardware platform for dynamic tactile sensing in robotics, human-machine interaction, and wearable tactile systems.

Ultrasound-boosted laccase-like activity of Cu-MOF@PDA for Cr sensing.

Rapid spectrophotometric method for the selective determination of peracetic acid in water with cobalt-mediated oxidation decolorization of rhodamine B.

ABSTRACT Objective To validate the accuracy of the iFalcon V100 rebound tonometer in measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) in enucleated normal canine eyes. Animals Studied Four freshly enucleated normal canine eyes tested within 12 h postmortem. Procedures A 1.5 mL water syringe was inserted into the vitreous chamber, and an implantable pressure sensor was inserted into the anterior chamber. IOP measurements were initiated at 5 mmHg and gradually increased to 50 mmHg by incrementally advancing the syringe plunger. Measurements were taken with the iFalcon V100 from the central cornea using the canine mode, and results were compared to those obtained from the implantable pressure sensor using linear regression analysis and Bland–Altman plots. Results The iFalcon V100 readings showed a strong linear correlation with the implantable sensor ( r 2 = 0.96). Bland–Altman analysis revealed a mean bias of +0.34 mmHg, with 95% limits of agreement ranging from −4.29 to +4.98 mmHg; the overestimation was slightly in the lower pressure range. Notably, multiple attempts were required to obtain the measurements at 5–10 mmHg with the iFalcon V100. Conclusions The iFalcon V100 tonometer provides accurate central corneal IOP measurements in normal canine eyes within the physiological range of 5–50 mmHg, showing good agreement with direct implantable pressure sensor readings. Although the validated 5–50 mmHg range is wider than normal physiological pressures and encompasses commonly encountered pathological levels, we did not evaluate performance at 70–80 mmHg levels occurring in acute glaucoma, which is a study limitation.

Wellbore instability and sand production pose critical challenges in deep tight sandstone reservoirs, severely impairing wellbore integrity and reducing hydrocarbon recovery. This study introduces, for the first time, the combined finite–discrete element method (FDEM) to numerically simulate sand production under high in situ stress. The FDEM By seamlessly integrates continuum and discontinuum representations within a unified framework, enabling the simulation of the complete failure sequence—from matrix damage and fracture growth to granular flow. High-resolution numerical simulations are conducted to compare intact and naturally fractured formations, with a focus on the governing role of pre-existing geological discontinuities. Results show that in intact sandstone, stress concentration drives helical crack growth leading to a symmetrical V-shaped breakout, with a critical borehole pressure (CBHP) of 60.05 MPa required to prevent instability. In fractured rock, however, pre-existing fractures act as dominant weakness planes that distort the stress field and induce earlier, asymmetric failure, raising the CBHP to 64.05 MPa. A strong negative linear correlation is observed between reservoir pressure depletion and CBHP: a pore-pressure reduction of 23.75 MPa decreases the CBHP by 4.8–5.0 MPa. Notably, natural fractures amplify the destabilizing effect of depletion, raising the required CBHP by 4.0 MPa at initial reservoir pressure (95 MPa) and by 5.0 MPa under full depletion. Consequently, although fractured formations require a higher CBHP (64.05 MPa vs. 60.05 MPa), their safe operating window is effectively narrower. These findings advance the mechanistic understanding of fracture-controlled sand production and provide a validated numerical framework for determining safe production pressures in deep, fractured sandstone reservoirs.

Seismic wave analysis is crucial for identifying subsurface formations and geological hazards. In this study, a seismic wave laser remote sensing system based on a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor was established by exploiting its high spatial resolution, array-based detection capability, and independent microlens spot centroid measurement. This method was employed to analyze the correlation characteristics among vibration-related physical variables. Experiments were conducted to assess the quantitative correlation between vibration amplitude and spot centroid shift by the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor across a range of 0.06-5.94 mm. Accordingly, based on the measured centroid shift, vibration velocity was derived and validated through comparison with reference vibrometer measurements. In addition, the correlation between vibration amplitude and vibration velocity was systematically analyzed. The experimental results demonstrate strong linear correlation between amplitude and both spot centroid shift and vibration velocity, with coefficients of determination R2 exceeding 0.98. The vibration velocity obtained by the proposed system shows strong agreement with vibrometer data, confirming its effectiveness for low-frequency vibration detection. Measurement accuracy can be further improved by reducing noise. These results indicate that the proposed approach provides a promising laser remote sensing solution for seismic wave detection.

RUBY-MAT system, integrating the RUBY reporter and MAT module, was innovatively applied to Agrobacterium-mediated maize transformation, and precise spatiotemporal gene expression analysis. Maize genetic improvement relies on efficient genetic transformation and gene expression monitoring technologies. In this study, we provided RUBY-MAT system with RUBY reporter and MAT (morphogene-assisted transformation), and realized its visual application in Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of maize immature embryos and gene expression patterns. Experimental results demonstrated that RUBY-MAT system can be successfully applied in Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of maize immature embryos, and RUBY reporter enables non-invasive monitoring of positive transformation events, as early as 7days after culture, through the clearly distinguishable betalain of positive callus. Dynamic expression monitoring further revealed that RUBY reporter can reflect the spatiotemporal expression patterns of specific promoters in real time: in constitutively expressed RUBY plants, high activity was observed in tissues including tassels, anthers, and stem nodes; in ZmH1A promoter-driven RUBY lines, betalain accumulation clearly indicated gene expression in vascular bundles and stomatal guard cells; while in lines harboring the putative young leaf-specific ZmGLP1 promoter, betalain specifically accumulated in young leaves. Quantitative analysis confirmed a strong linear correlation between betalain absorbance and promoter activity, establishing the RUBY reporter as a reliable quantitative tool for monitoring transformation efficiency and gene expression at tissue and cellular levels. Collectively, the RUBY-MAT system offers robust technical support for maize genetic transformation and functional gene analysis, demonstrating broad application potential in both field and laboratory studies.

Abstract Aluminum alloy serves as a key material for lightweighting in vehicles and is extensively utilized in manufacturing processes. Laser welding is regarded as an effective technique for welding aluminum alloys, owing to its high speed and efficiency. However, challenges such as ensuring welding quality and insufficient detection methods persist in the laser welding of aluminum alloys. Therefore, this study employs infrared temperature measurement technology and line-structured laser beam scanning technology to collect real-time data on temperature changes and morphological characteristics of the weld seam during the welding process. By integrating BP neural network and random forest algorithms, the quality of 6061 aluminum alloy dual-beam coaxial composite laser lap welds is predicted in real time.Through the analysis of the cross-sectional morphological characteristics of lap welds, this paper proposes the A and L characteristic parameters to represent weld width, H and D characteristic parameters to represent penetration depth, and the cross-sectional area characteristic closely related to the mechanical properties of the weld. The results indicate that the real-time surface temperature and surface morphological characteristics of the weld exhibit strong linear correlations with weld width, penetration depth, cross-sectional area, and mechanical properties of the lap weld. This provides a reliable information source for the real-time prediction of weld quality.Compared to the conventional BP neural network, the BP neural network optimized by the random forest algorithm significantly improves prediction accuracy and stability, reduces high-error predictions, enhances the model's generalization ability, and holds significant practical application value.

Objective.The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and accuracy of computed tomography (CT)-guided electrical impedance tomography (CT-guided EIT) in the quantitative detection of the spatial distribution and location of pneumothorax, hemothorax, and hemopneumothorax lesions and effective ventilation regions in pig models.Approach. Five Bama miniature pigs were used to establish models of pneumothorax, hemothorax, and hemopneumothorax by incrementally injecting air or Ringer's solution in 100 ml steps up to a total volume of 500 ml into the right pleural cavity. Synchronous EIT data and CT images were acquired at each experimental stage. EIT images were reconstructed using the GREIT algorithm with anatomical constraints derived from CT-based lung contours. Mean total boundary voltage (mTBV), pneumothorax pixel area (PPA), hemothorax pixel area (HPA), center of ventilation (CoV), Dice similarity coefficient (Dice), and centroid distance (dc) were used for quantitative assessment. PPA, HPA, and CoV are statistically compared between EIT and CT using Spearman correlation and Bland-Altman agreement analysis.Main results.mTBV showed a strong linear correlation with injected air volume (R2= 0.968-0.994) and fluid volume (R2= 0.712-0.994). In pneumothorax models, Dice = 0.828-0.884 anddc= 2.80-3.33. In hemothorax models, Dice = 0.850-0.874 anddc= 2.64-3.34. PPA, HPA, and CoV derived from CT-guided EIT images correlated significantly with CT findings (Spearmanr= 0.63-0.92,p< 0.001). Ventilation distribution patterns in EIT were consistent with CT, with dorsal shifts during pneumothorax and ventral shifts during hemothorax. Bland-Altman plots showed good agreement between EIT and CT measurements.Significance.This study demonstrates the feasibility of CT-guided EIT for dynamic monitoring and quantitative evaluation of pneumothorax, hemothorax, and hemopneumothorax in pig models. Its noninvasive, radiation-free, and bedside monitoring nature makes it a promising tool for detecting pulmonary pathological accumulation during mechanical ventilation and postoperative care.

ABSTRACT This study introduces the Effective Emissivity Ratio (EER) as an innovative metric for evaluating and predicting radiative cooling (RC) performance by analyzing long-wave infrared emissivity profiles, particularly within the atmospheric window (8–13 μm). Combining theoretical modelling and empirical validation, the research investigates how selective band emissivity patterns of RC materials affect cooling capabilities under different atmospheric conditions. By analyzing historical meteorological data from Ningbo, China, the minimum emissivity requirements for achieving sub-ambient cooling were established. Results show that achieving net cooling requires materials with high reflectivity (above 80%) and optimized emissivity distributions both inside and outside the atmospheric window. Experimental validation across different seasons demonstrated sub-ambient temperature drops of up to 2°C in summer, 6°C during transitional periods, and 8°C in winter, closely aligning with theoretical predictions. A strong linear correlation was observed between theoretical EER values and measured temperature reductions, confirming the reliability of the proposed metric. This work advances radiative cooling technology by providing a region-specific approach to material emissivity optimization, supporting the development of more targeted and climate-adaptive RC materials. Abbreviations: EER: Effective Emissivity Ratio; RC: Radiative cooling; SRI: Solar Reflectance Index

Tourniquets are widely used in pediatric orthopedic surgeries to provide a bloodless operative field. However, inappropriate application can lead to complications. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of using Doppler-derived limb occlusion pressure (LOP) to guide tourniquet pressure in children. A prospective observational study was conducted from November 2022 to February 2025 in a tertiary care orthopedic department. Pediatric patients (age: 1–15 years) undergoing upper or lower limb surgery were included. Tourniquet pressure was set at LOP + 50 mmHg, measured using a handheld Doppler. The primary outcome was adequacy of hemostasis; tourniquet-related complications were also recorded. The study included 122 patients (135 limbs), with a mean age of 8 years. Mean LOP was 111.4 ± 18.8 mmHg; mean tourniquet pressure was 161.7 ± 19.3 mmHg. Adequate hemostasis (Likert scale ≥ 3) was achieved in 95.55% of procedures. A strong linear correlation was observed between systolic blood pressure and tourniquet pressure [tourniquet pressure = (0.90 × systolic blood pressure) + 77 mmHg; P &lt; 0.001]. No tourniquet-related complications were observed. LOP-guided tourniquet application is safe and effective in pediatric limb surgeries, allowing significant reduction in pressure compared to adult population.

In accordance with the provisions of Directive (EU) 2020/2184, the largest water supply companies in the European Union (EU) will be required to report real water losses starting from 2026. The recommended water loss performance indicators (PIs) are the infrastructure leakage index (ILI) rating method or “another appropriate method”. The article presents results of research aimed at examining the relationship between the ILI and other selected PIs for water losses in selected Polish water distribution systems (WDSs) located in southern Poland. The highest values of determination coefficients for the linear relationships between the ILI and PIs were obtained in the case of intermediate normalized PIs for real losses expressed both as a volume of water per km of mains per 1 m H2O of pressure (R2 = 0.951) and as a volume of water per service connection per 1 m H2O of pressure (R2 = 0.9365). A very strong linear correlation with the ILI was also obtained in the case of basic normalized PIs for real losses, expressed as the volume of water per service connection (R2 = 0.7336). The moderate linear correlation was detected in the case of the percentage PIs for water losses. Results show that the recommended indicators, which can be used when the ILI cannot be calculated, should be the intermediate or basic operational normalized indicators.

Co-infections involving Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) and influenza A (H1N1) virus present a serious diagnostic challenge in swine respiratory disease, complicating effective outbreak management and control. This study reports the development and validation of a novel duplex TaqMan real-time PCR assay, optimized for the Coyote Flash10 portable automated detection system, for the simultaneous identification and quantification of both pathogens. The assay employs primers and probes specific to the apxIVA virulence gene of APP and the conserved matrix (M) gene of H1N1, with porcine RNase P as an internal control. Validation using recombinant plasmid standards demonstrated a sensitivity of 1 copy/μL for each target, with strong linear correlation (R2 > 0.99). Calculated amplification efficiencies (APP: 121.6%; H1N1: 118.6%) were marginally above the typical 90–110% range. However, the assay exhibited robust and consistent quantification without evidence of reaction competition. In a simulated clinical matrix, detection limits corresponded to 10,000-fold and 100-fold dilutions for APP and H1N1, respectively. The method showed excellent repeatability (intra-assay CV <3%) and high specificity, with no cross-reactivity against six other common porcine respiratory pathogens. This rapid, closed-tube assay provides a complete result within one hour and offers a practical, point-of-care-compatible solution for on-farm surveillance and the differential diagnosis of complex respiratory co-infections in swine populations. A key limitation of this study is that validation was performed primarily using simulated samples; future validation with authentic clinical samples will further confirm the method’s clinical utility.

Against the backdrop of promoting green buildings and a circular economy, the development of efficient, sustainable, and low-carbon cementitious materials is of great significance for reducing resource consumption and carbon emissions. In this study, plant ash (PA) was used as a partial cement replacement, and a series of alkali-activated composite cementitious materials (APAG) were prepared by regulating the dosages of PA and alkali activator (AA). The evolution of their workability, hydration behavior, and mechanical properties was systematically investigated. The results show that the incorporation of PA effectively delayed the setting process of the system; compared with P0, the initial and final setting times of P20 increased by approximately 302% and 100%, respectively, thereby mitigating the excessively rapid early-age reaction of the alkali-activated system while causing only a slight reduction in flowability. In contrast, the addition of AA shortened the setting time of APAG and led to a gradual decrease in fluidity. When the PA dosage was 20% and the AA dosage was 4%, APAG achieved a 28 d compressive strength of 57.8 MPa while maintaining good workability. Further analysis revealed a strong linear correlation between compressive strength and chemically bound water content under different PA and AA dosages, indicating that the reaction degree is a key factor governing macroscopic mechanical performance. Microstructural characterization confirmed that the incorporation of PA and AA significantly altered the reaction pathways and the morphology of hydration products, providing a reasonable microstructural explanation for the evolution of macroscopic properties. These findings provide valuable insights into the high-value utilization of biomass waste and the broader application of green cementitious materials.