Stripping Process Research Articles

One-step synthesizing Ti3C2Tx doped with slight amount of Ni2+ to enhance the electrochemical stability

Two-dimensional layered material of Ti3C2Tx has attracted widespread attention due to its high conductivity, rich surface functional groups and excellent hydrophilicity. However, its practical application is hindered by the problems of re-stacking and the instability rooted from easy oxidation of low valent Ti. Here, a simple synthesis strategy that the surface of Ti3C2Tx is decorated by Ni2+ has been developed: a small amount of Ni2+ is added into the Ti3C2Tx dispersion to bind to the surface vacancies to obtain Ti3C2Tx-Ni during the ultrasonic stripping process. Therefore, the interlayer spacing of Ti3C2Tx-Ni-2 is expanded from 1.12 nm (for Ti3C2Tx) to 1.22 nm, meaning that the stacking and aggregation effect has been alleviated. Compared with the short storage time of Ti3C2Tx, the suspension of Ti3C2Tx-Ni-2 can keep stability for more than 270 days. The self-supporting Ti3C2Tx-Ni-2 film exhibits a specific capacitance of 208.0 F g−1 in 1.0 M H2SO4 and 82.8 F g−1 in 1.0 M Na2SO4 electrolyte at a scan rate of 2 mV s−1. Furthermore, it can still maintain 100 % of the initial capacitance after 10,000 cycles at a current density of 5 A g−1 in neutral electrolyte, while the Ti3C2Tx film can only retain 74.8 % of its initial capacitance.

Regulating lithium affinity of hosts for reversible lithium metal batteries

AbstractLithium (Li) metal batteries are regarded as the “holy grail” of next‐generation rechargeable batteries, but the poor redox reversibility of Li anode hinders its practical applications. While extensive studies have been carried out to design lithiophilic substrates for facile Li plating, their effects on Li stripping are often neglected. In this study, by homogeneously loading indium (In) single atoms on N‐doped graphene via In‐N bonds, the affinity between Li and hosting substrates is regulated. In situ observation of Li deposition/stripping processes shows that compared with the N‐doped graphene substrate, the introduction of In effectively promotes its reversibility of Li redox, achieving a dendrite‐free Li anode with much‐improved coulombic efficiency. Interestingly, theoretical calculations demonstrate that In atoms have actually made the substrate less lithophilic via passivating the N sites to avoid the formation of irreversible Li–N bonding. Therefore, a “volcano curve” for reversible Li redox processes is proposed: the affinity of substrates toward Li should be optimized to a moderate value, where the balance for both Li plating and Li stripping processes could be reached. By demonstrating a crucial design principle for Li metal hosting substrates, our finding could trigger the rapid development of related research.

Development of AI-based process controller of sour water treatment unit using deep reinforcement learning

BackgroundDue to the variability in the feedstock conditions and the nonlinearity of the sour water stripping process, determining the optimal operating conditions for Sour Water Treatment Unit (SWTU) is a huge challenge. MethodsIn this study, we propose an AI-Based Process Controller (AIPC) for optimizing the SWTU, combining deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and expert knowledge. A surrogate model of an industrial SWTU digital twin was developed to serve as the environment for DRL. A reward function was designed and compared with others for evaluation. A method for seamless switching was devised to guarantee uninterrupted device operation by preventing any interference from the policy network. Significant FindingsIn contrast to the alternative control schemes, the AIPC not only demonstrates superior performance in mitigating overshooting and enhancing setpoint tracking precision but achieves a reduction in stripping steam usage. The proposed method has great potential in the field of real-time optimization.

Production of vanadyl sulfate electrolyte from stone coal acidic leaching solution using mediation solvent extraction-complex reductive stripping method

In this study, a new method for vanadium extraction and separation from acidic stone coal leaching solution was proposed. With the addition of H2O2 in the solution, the positive vanadium VO2+ ion in the solution was converted into anionic di-peroxo vanadium VO(O2)2- ion. Using methyl tri-octyl ammonium chloride (N263) + n-octanol + sulfonated kerosene as extractant, vanadium was fully separated from Fe (III) and other metal impurities during the extraction process. Under the conditions of 10 % N263, 10 % n-octanol, reaction time 10 min, and O/A ratio 1:1, 99 % of vanadium was extracted into the organic phase. After extraction, an organic phase containing V and Mo was obtained. Due to low solubility of V (V) in acidic solution, oxalic acid was mixed with sulfuric acid solution and employed as complex-stripping solution. It was found that oxalate ion formed a complex with V (V), which could break the solubility barrier of V (V) in acidic solution, realizing the direct stripping of V (V). The effect of oxalic acid amount and temperature on the stripping process were investigated, the results showed that increase in oxalic acid amount and reaction temperature favored vanadium stripping. Under conditions of 25 % H2SO4, oxalic acid concentration of 1 g/L, 80 °C temperature, reaction time 50 min, and O/A ratio of 6:1, 99.7 % of vanadium was stripped into the aqueous solution. The vanadyl sulfate product obtained was compared with standard vanadium electrolyte, and it was found that vanadyl sulfate obtained by this method meets the requirements of vanadium electrolyte relevant standards. This paper proposed a new process for high purity vanadyl sulfate production from acidic stone coal leaching solution, which could provide a reference for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFB) industry.

Life Cycle Assessment a Coal Mining in East Kalimantan

A Life Cycle Assessment study aimed at identifying the environmental impacts of a coal mining process has been carried out. The scope of the process includes land clearing to coal barging (cradle to gate). The functional unit used is the production of 1 ton of coal. The inventory data in this research is site specific, collected from a mining company located in East Kalimantan during the period September 2022 to June 2023. Impact analysis was characterized using the ReCiPe 2016 midpoint (H) method with the help of OpenLCA v.2.0.2 software. From the impact analysis, it was found that the coal mining operations studied have the potential to produce Fine Particulate Matter Formation (0.122 kg PM2.5eq), Global Warming (73.28 kg CO2eq), Terrestrial Acidification (0.4114 kg SO2eq), Ozone formation-human health and Ozone formation-terrestrial ecosystems (0.54 kg NOx eq), Land Use (4.42×10-4 m2a crop eq), and Water consumption (11.44 m3). The potential for Particulate Matter Formation and Global Warming is generally related to the process of moving materials and water consumption caused by the process of transporting coal. From this research, it was found that the overburden stripping process is an environmental hotspot for the coal mining process because it has the greatest potential impact of all existing processes.

A straightforward and efficient gradient pressure method for bamboo flattening: Strain and multi-scale deformation

Flattening is an environmentally friendly and efficient processing technique that transforms arc-shaped bamboo strips into regular rectangular ones, greatly expanding bamboo's application potential. However, the current method of bamboo flattening requires softening the strips in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment, followed by continuous roller flattening. This process consumes significant energy and does not allow real-time monitoring of the bamboo strips during the process. This study devised a straightforward and efficient gradient pressure method to flatten naturally arc-shaped bamboo strips into rectangular ones within 30 min, all while preserving the complete culm wall structure without any cracks. The analysis of the deformation characteristics during the process revealed that the outer side of the bamboo strip was subjected to compressive stress, while the inner side was subjected to tensile stress. The parenchyma and vessel cells underwent wrinkling and shrinking due to moisture loss and external pressure. Flattening generated horizontal, vertical, and shear strains in bamboo strips, with horizontal strain being predominant, reaching a maximum negative horizontal strain of approximately −0.131. Besides, significant differences were detected in strain among different parts of the bamboo strip. The overall strain exhibited an obvious left-right symmetrical distribution. For the first time this work analyzed the strain distribution and deformation characteristics during the flattening process of arc-shaped bamboo strips while preserving the intact bamboo culm wall structure. The findings of this research provide a novel option of bamboo culm flattening, enhancing the utilization of raw materials and expanding the application of bamboo as engineering materials.

Simulation and Experimental Study on Continuous Wave Fiber Laser Removal of Epoxy Resin Paint Film on the Surface of 6061 Aluminum Alloy

Paint removal is an essential process in the industrial field. Laser technology provides an effective method of paint removal to replace traditional mechanical and chemical methods. This paper establishes a continuous wave (CW) laser thermal paint removal model based on heat conduction theory and Arrhenius’ law. The paint stripping process of epoxy paint film on the surface of 6061 aluminum alloy via CW laser was studied through simulation and experiment. We found that the carbonization of the paint film during the CW laser paint removal process will inhibit the laser paint removal process. Therefore, the paint removal efficiency of the CW laser is limited. The depth of CW laser paint removal increases linearly with the CW laser power density. However, during the CW laser paint removal process, due to the pyrolysis of the paint film and the reflection of the laser by the substrate, the surface temperature of the material first increases and then decreases. In addition, after laser paint removal, the surface roughness of the material after paint removal is reduced due to the melting of the base material. The model established in this article can provide a theoretical reference for studying the CW laser paint removal process.

A closed-loop coupling process of leaching and solvent extraction for Li2CO3 and FePO4 recovery from spent LiFePO4

To satisfy the increasing global demand for the strategic metal lithium, recycling of LiFePO4 (LFP) batteries has become an irresistible trend and poses a challenge due to the cost. A low-cost process of recovering Li and FePO4 from simulated spent LFP was investigated through a closed-loop coupling technology of isomorphic substitution leaching and solvent extraction. A total of 99.41% of Li+ can be leached, and 96% of FePO4 can be recovered with an Fe2(SO4)3:LFP molar ratio of 1:6, H2SO4:LFP molar ratio of 0.5:1, and 0.4 ml H2O2/gLFP for 30 min. An eleven-stage extraction process for Fe3+ removal from lixivium-containing extraction, stripping and regeneration processes was designed and optimized. The total removal efficiency of Fe3+ was 97.22% by the 40 vt% N235 + 15 vt% TBP + kerosene extraction system at a phase ratio O/A of 3.5/1, and the lithium concentration in raffinate was 10.074 g·L−1. The closed-coupling process was carried out on the simulated spent LFP with a total Li recovery efficiency of >99%. The low-cost leaching agent Fe2(SO4)3 was cyclically utilized. The coupling process can not only serve as a promising efficient recycling method for spent LFP batteries but also supply an inspiring route for other expensive metal recycling.

The Effect of Crude Oil Stripped by Surfactant Action and Fluid Free Motion Characteristics in Porous Medium.

The surfactant solution is crucial in facilitating the spontaneous imbibition process for the recovery of oil in tight reservoirs. Further investigation is required to examine the fluid flow in porous mediums and the process of crude oil stripping by a surfactant solution during spontaneous imbibition. Hence, this study aims to determine the free motion properties of oil and water in porous mediums using the finite-element approach to solve the multiphase flow differential equation, taking into account the capillary pressure. An investigation was conducted to examine the impact of oil viscosity and interfacial tension on the mean liquid flow rate and oil volume fraction. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the impact of surface tension, interfacial tension, and wetting angle on crude-oil-stripping efficiency. The findings indicate that the stripped crude oil migrated through porous mediums as individual oil droplets, exhibiting a degree of stochasticity in its motion. When the interfacial tension is reduced, the average velocity of the fluid in the system decreases. The crude oil exhibited a low viscosity, high flow capacity, and a high average flow rate within the system. Once the concentration of the surfactant solution surpasses a specific threshold, it binds with the oil to create colloidal aggregates, resulting in the formation of micelles and influencing the efficiency of the stripping process. As the temperature rises, the oil-stripping efficiency also increases. Simultaneously, an optimal range of wetting angle, surface tension, and interfacial tension could enhance the effectiveness of removing oil using surfactant solutions. The research results of this paper enrich the enhanced oil recovery mechanism of surfactant and are of great significance to the development of tight reservoirs.

Molecular investigation into the transformation of recalcitrant dissolved organic sulfur in refinery sour water during stripping process

Refinery sour water primarily originates from the tops of towers in various units and coker condensate, and cannot be discharged directly to a wastewater treatment plant due to high levels of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and organic sulfur contents. Even after the recovery of H2S from the sour water by the stripping process, the effluent still contains a high concentration of dissolved organic sulfur (DOS), which can have a huge bad influence. While chemical composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in refinery wastewater has been extensively studied, the investigation of recalcitrant DOS from sour waters remains unclear. In the present study, chemical composition of sour water DOMs (especially DOS) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy (excitation-emission matrix, EEM) and mass spectrometry, including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-resolution Orbitrap MS. The GC-MS and EEM results showed that volatile and low-aromaticity compounds were effectively removed during the stripping process, while compounds with high hydrophilicity and humification degree were found to be more recalcitrant. The Orbitrap MS results showed that weak-polar oxygenated sulfur compounds were easier to be removed than oxygenated compounds. However, the effluent still contained significant amounts of sulfur-containing compounds with multiple sulfur atoms, particularly in the form of highly unsaturated and aromatic compounds. The Orbitrap MS/MS results of CHOS-containing compounds from the effluent indicate that the sulfur atoms may exist as sulfonates, disulfide bonds, thioethers. Understanding the composition and structure of sour water DOS is crucial for the development of effective treatment processes that can target polysulfide compounds and minimize their impact on the environment.

An electron-losing regulation strategy for stripping modulation towards a highly reversible Zn anode.

The practical application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) is hindered by their low coulombic efficiency (CE) and unstable cycle life. Numerous electrolyte-additive-related studies have been performed, but most of the focus has been on the Zn plating process. In fact, practical AZIBs undergo stripping in practice rather than plating in the initial cycle, because the commonly used cathodes in the charged state do not have zinc ions, so a uniform stripping process is crucial for the cell performance of AZIBs. Here, we propose an electron-losing regulation strategy for stripping modulation by adding additives. Oxolane (OL) was chosen as the model additive to verify this assumption. It is found that OL adsorbs onto the uneven initial Zn surface and accelerates the dissolution of the Zn tips, thus providing a uniform Zn anode during the stripping process. The oxygen atoms in OL reduce the surface energy of Zn and promote the exposure of the Zn (002) surface during plating. Consequently, cells with the OL electrolyte additive maintained a long lifespan and showed superior reversibility with a high average CE. The findings of this work lead to a deep understanding of the underlying mechanism of Zn anode stripping and provide new guidance for designing electrolyte additives.

3D mixed ion/electron-conducting scaffolds for stable sodium metal anodes.

Sodium (Na) metal batteries represent an optimal choice for the forthcoming generation of large-scale, cost-effective energy storage systems. However, Na metal anodes encounter several formidable challenges during the Na plating and stripping processes, which encompass the formation of an unstable solid electrolyte interface, uncontrollable dendrite growth, and infinite volume expansion. These issues result in a reduced Coulombic efficiency, shortened battery lifespan, and potential safety hazards, thereby constraining their commercial development. Therefore, addressing these challenges to ensure the cycling stability of Na metal anodes stands as a paramount requirement for practical applications. Among the reported strategies, three-dimensional conductive scaffolds possessing a high surface area and porous structure are acknowledged for their significant potential in stabilizing Na metal anodes. Compared with conventional electron-conducting scaffolds, emerging mixed ion/electron-conductive (MIEC) scaffolds provide rapid ion/electron transport pathways, which enable uniform Na+ flux and promote dendrite-free Na deposition, thus improving the cycle life of Na metal anodes, even at high current densities and large areal capacities. Therefore, this review primarily emphasizes the recent progress in applying MIEC scaffolds to Na metal anodes. It introduces diverse design methods, examines the electrochemical performance of MIEC scaffolds, and delves into their regulation mechanisms over Na deposition behaviour. Finally, the development prospects and research strategies for MIEC scaffolds from both fundamental research and practical application perspectives are discussed, suggesting directions for further designing high-performance Na metal batteries.

Influence of the cutting edge preparation of carbide punching tools for punching of ultra-high strength steel strips

In order to ensure a robust punching process of ultra-high strength steel spring strips using carbide punching tools, a high stability of the cutting edge is required. Here the cutting edge preparation process has a significant influence. In the presented study, high-pressure abrasive water jet technology for cutting edge preparation was designed, investigated and analysed. For defining the optimal cutting edge shape regarding stresses, a numerical analysis using LS-DYNA was conducted. Within this analysis, the influence of the cutting edge rounding and symmetry was numerically tested and evaluated. Based on the results, two cutting edge shapes were selected and prepared using the high-pressure abrasive water injection jet technology. The tools were applied in the punching process up to 50,000 strokes in order to analyse the cutting performance and tool wear. With regard to a highly wear resistant tool for punching, a combination of the abrasive water injection jet preparation routine and a CVD diamond coating are under further investigation and first insights are presented additionally.

Prediction of Energy Consumption in Horizontal Roughing Process of Hot Rolling Strip Based on TDADE Algorithm

The steel industry is the key industry of energy consumption. The optimization of rolling process parameters is an effective measure to reduce and optimize energy consumption. Accurate energy consumption prediction has an indispensable guiding function in the planning of process parameters. However, the traditional energy consumption prediction and machine learning methods have been unable to fit the needs of high precision and reliability. Taking the horizontal roughing process (HRP) of hot rolling process as the research object, this paper mainly introduces an energy consumption prediction mechanism model (ECPMM) based on a roller adaptive wear strategy by analyzing the strip forming mechanism and rolling process. Then, two directions adaptive differential evolution (TDADE) algorithm is proposed based on a novel adaptive strategy. This algorithm has better convergence speed and global optimization ability than other optimization algorithms in the parameter optimization of ECPMM. We carried out comparative experiments on five machine learning algorithms. The results show that the ECPMM optimized by TDADE is superior to the five machine learning algorithms in prediction accuracy and stability. Finally, we conducted ablation experiments on the energy consumption characteristics of the HRP process, which turns out that using a smaller reduction and roller radius can reduce energy consumption. Summarizing the above experimental results suggests that the ECPMM has high accuracy and robustness, and satisfies the requirements of practical application. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Note to Practitioners</i> —It is necessary to carry out the deep analysis and research of energy consumption prediction involved in the process planning of strip hot rolling, the inspiration of this article is stem from this point. The commonly used energy consumption prediction methods include mechanism modeling and machine learning, but both have disadvantages, like low prediction accuracy and black box, which must have to be performed to solve by adapting the production demand of high reliability. In this paper, the combination of the mechanism model and data-driven method is used to realize the accurate prediction of energy consumption and improve the reliability of the model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper about the research on energy consumption prediction of hot rolling process based on mechanism model and data-driven, especially in data size, time granularity, algorithm design, and prediction performance. Such research is helpful to guide engineers to design rolling energy consumption. We will dive a bit deeper into learning the energy consumption and process parameters during the rolling process in future studies.

Due consideration of the breakup and direct reaction mechanisms within (d, p), (d, 2p), (d, xn2p), and (d, xn) reactions

Suitable account of available excitation-function of deuterons interaction with target nuclei components of candidates materials for the ITER fusion reactor, the European DEMO fusion reactor, and the IFMIF-DONES Irradiation Facility has been proved by consistent analysis of the reaction mechanisms involved in the complex deuteron-nucleus interaction. In this work the attention has been focused on the analysis of the deuteron activation cross sections related to the gas accumulation, (d, p), (d, 2p), (d, xn2p), and to the strong neutron emission, (d, xn), interaction processes of interest for the radiation damage and shielding design studies devoted to the structural materials selection. The key role of direct interactions, i.e., breakup, stripping and pick-up processes is stressed out by the comparison of data with theoretical and evaluation predictions.

Molecular dynamics simulation on the displacement behaviour of crude oil by CO2/CH4 mixtures on a silica surface.

Produced gas re-injection is an effective and eco-friendly approach for enhancing oil recovery from shale oil reservoirs. However, the interactions between different gas phase components, and the oil phase and rocks are still unclear during the re-injection process. This study aims to investigate the potential of produced gas re-injection, particularly focusing on the effects of methane (CH4) content in the produced gas on shale oil displacement. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to analyze the interactions between gas, oil, and matrix phases with different CH4 proportions (0%, 25%, 50%, and 100%), alkanes and under various burial depth. Results show that a 25% CH4 content in the produced gas achieves almost the same displacement effect as pure carbon dioxide (CO2) injection. However, when the CH4 content increases to 50% and 100%, the interaction between gas and quartz becomes insufficient to effectively isolate oil from quartz, causing only expansion and slight dispersion. Interestingly, the presence of CH4 has a synergistic effect on CO2, facilitating the diffusion of CO2 into the oil film. During the gas stripping process, CO2 is the main factor separating oil from quartz, while CH4 mainly contributes to oil expansion. In addition, for crude oil containing a large amount of light alkanes, extracting light components through mixed gas may be more effective than pure CO2. This study offers valuable insights for applications of produced gas re-injection to promote shale oil recovery.

Technological innovation and engineering practice of damage reduction mining and ecosystem restoration in open-pit coal mine

Abstract Non-technical summary To address the issues of declining groundwater levels and the degradation of soil ecological functions caused by open-pit coal mining in China. Based on theoretical analysis, laboratory experiments, on-site monitoring, mathematical modeling, and other means, the concept of coal ecological protection mining of ‘damage reduction mining, three-dimensional protection, systematic restoration’ is proposed. The mining concept has achieved remarkable ecological restoration effects, leading the scientific and technological progress of safe, efficient and green mining in open-pit coal mines. Technical summary The mechanism of damage propagation among ‘rock-soil-water’ ecological elements in open-pit coal mining was revealed. Adopting comprehensive damage-reducing mining technology throughout the entire stripping process, mining and drainage, shengli open-pit coal mine has doubled its production capacity, and reduced the land excavation and damage by 60 mu/year, reduced the mining area by 1,128 mu, and raised the groundwater level by 2.6–6 m, and the ecological restoration of the drainage field was advanced by more than 1 year. Adopting the three-dimensional water storage technology involves underground reservoirs, aquifer reconstruction, and near-surface distributed water storage units, baorixile open-pit mine has built the world's first open-pit underground water reservoir, with a water storage capacity of 1.22 million m3, and the speed of groundwater level restoration has been increased by more than 70%. By adopting the systematic restoration technology of geomorphology-soil-vegetation in the discharge site, the soil water content in the demonstration area has been increased by 52%, the survival rate of plants has been increased by 34%, and the vegetation coverage has been increased by more than 40%. Social media summary Damage-reducing mining and systematic ecological restoration in open-pit coal mining are essential for the safe, efficient and green development of coal.

Revealing the plating/stripping processes on Zn anodes in Zn metal batteries via in situ AFM

Mechanistic insights into the interfacial evolution are essential for advancing rechargeable zinc metal batteries (RZMBs). Employing in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM), we observed the Zn plating and stripping processes on the Zn metal anode and investigated the effect of initial stripping over the interfacial evolution. During the initial stripping process, the interfacial evolution is uneven, and by-products form at the Zn anode, which contributes to the heterogeneous nucleation and quick dendrite growth during the subsequent plating, causing performance fading. In contrast, uniform Zn deposition and reversible dissolution can be achieved during the initial plating and following stripping processes. The Zn substrate remains flat without evident cracks or pits, which ensures the interfacial stability of the Zn metal anode during cycling. This work provides direct insights into the morphological evolution and interfacial mechanism of Zn metal anode, promoting the optimal design of advanced RZMBs.

Dual‐Functional Lithium Nitrate Mediator Eliminating Water Hazard for Practical Lithium Metal Batteries

AbstractWater, an unwelcome guest in current battery industry, has been strictly prohibited in almost all the battery production procedures. In particular, the requirement for an extremely low water content (below 20 ppm) in electrolyte has necessitated the use of water‐free raw materials and ultradry conditions, which resulting in significantly higher material cost, energy consumption, and production complexity. Here, it is shown that lithium nitrate (LiNO3) can efficiently restore water‐containing electrolyte for Li metal full batteries through a simple and scalable approach. The dual‐functional NO3− anion not only exhibits strong interaction with water molecules which suppresses the hydrolysis of hexafluorophosphate anion, but also contributes to a robust solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) that improves the electrochemical reversibility of Li metal plating and stripping process. These enable the first practical Li metal/LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 full cell with a negative/positive electrode capacity (N/P) ratio of 3.8 using a water‐containing electrolyte, which delivers a high energy density of 511 Wh kg−1 and impressive cycling stability of 240 cycles. Remarkably, the introduction of LiNO3 can tolerate moist raw materials for electrolyte preparation, and revitalize moist electrolytes after 5‐day storage, which provides a new paradigm to overcome the water hazard in the current battery industry.

Interface Welding via Thermal Pulse Sintering to Enable 4.6 V Solid‐State Batteries

AbstractNASICON‐type Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) is one of the most promising solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) to achieve high‐energy‐density solid‐state batteries (SSBs) due to its high ionic conductivity, high‐voltage stability, and low cost. However, its practical application is constrained by inadequate interfacial compatibility with cathode materials and significant incompatibility with lithium metal. In this work, a cost‐effective interface welding approach is reported, utilizing an innovative thermal pulse sintering (TPS) to fabricate LATP‐based solid‐state batteries. Initially, the rapid thermal pulses enhance the ionic conductivity of LATP SSE by inducing selective growth of LATP nanowires, effectively occupying interparticle voids. Additionally, this process results in the formation of a dense layer (GCM) comprising graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and MXene with a controlled Li+ transport pathway, facilitating lithium stripping and plating processes. Moreover, these thermal pulses facilitate the interfacial fusion between LATP and cathode materials, while avoiding undesired phase diffusion. As a result, SSBs with a LiCoO2 cathode deliver favorable cycle stability at 4.6 V, marking significant progress. This facile interface welding strategy represents a substantial step toward high‐energy‐density SSB development.