Strip System Research Articles

Analysis of the Influence of Structure–Soil–Structure Interaction on the Seismic Response for Nuclear Power Plant ASTS

After the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan, whether the structural safety of the nuclear power plant (NPP) can be guaranteed under an earthquake has been of wide concern. Automatic seismic trip systems (ASTS) have been deployed in NPPs. There are generally two units or more double units on the one NPP site, and the vibration energy of the structure can certainly affect its adjacent structures through the soil, and there is energy transfer and conversion between adjacent structures. At present, the distance between two reactors of NPPs of different reactor types is generally 100–200 m (this distance is referring to the distance between the centers of two reactors, which is slightly different for different reactor types). In the past, seismic instruments were used in the ASTS and the setting of shutdown threshold, so the impact of only one unit was considered in the structural analysis of NPPs, and the interaction of two reactors through site conditions was not considered. In addition, as the site conditions of NPPs become more and more complex, it is necessary to consider the impact of one reactor structure on another reactor structure through the soil on the same site under an earthquake. In order to analyze the influence of structure–soil–structure interaction (SSSI), a three-dimensional refined finite element model of NPPs is established in this paper. The soil–structure interaction (SSI) is considered by using viscoelastic boundary. The seismic responses of different positions of the raft foundation and NPP structure, under the conditions of considering SSI effect (one reactor) and SSSI effect (two reactors), are compared. The influence of SSSI effect on the seismic responses of the raft foundation and NPP structure is revealed. It is proposed that SSSI effect should be reasonably considered according to the site conditions for the structural analysis of NPPs for the NPP ASTS.

Perenniality drives multifunctional forage–biomass filter strips’ ability to improve water quality

AbstractVegetative filter strip characteristics such as perenniality drive hydrology and subsequent ecosystem services. However, the extent and the potential for forage–biomass crops to improve water quality, provide fodder, and optimize nutrient cycling in multifunctional systems is unknown. We evaluated (a) how species, perenniality, and plant community composition are linked to water quality; and (b) the multiuse forage–biomass potential of filter strips. Whole plots were species [eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides), Kernza [or intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium)], silphium (Silphium integrifolium), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)], with split‐plots receiving 0 or 5.6 Mg ha−1 broiler litter. Rainfall simulations were conducted at 5 cm h−1 (until 30 min of continuous runoff) in summer and fall of 2019 and 2021 with dual forage and biomass harvests occurring 2019–2021. Kernza and silphium had the lowest biomass regrowth after forage harvests relative to native grasses, suggesting they would not be ideal multifunctional forage–bioenergy crops. Among all soil–plant–water variables, canonical correlations indicate poultry litter (.97), and soil phosphorus saturation (.77) were the most influential variables for water quality. Water quality score, FWQ, which is inversely related to runoff water quality, was lowest for switchgrass (0.03) and greatest (P ≥ .05) for eastern gamagrass and wheat (1.77 and 3.33, respectively), but not different from Kernza (0.98) and silphium (0.31). Therefore, switchgrass resulted in the best water quality scores and highest forage–biomass yields, with Kernza and silphium also showing promise for reducing sediment and nutrient loads following poultry litter applications in multifunctional filter strip systems.

Design and evaluation of ecological interface for Feedwater Deaerating Tank and Gas Stripper System based on cognitive work analysis

Abstract The investigation of nuclear power plants (NPPs) accidents in the past shows that most of the accidents mainly occur in unexpected events. In this study, in order to verify whether Ecological Interface Design (EID) improves the situational awareness of operators in NPPs, this paper first analyzes the system by using the first three stages of cognitive work analysis, and then applies EID to the operating interface of NPPs to develop an ecological interface. In order to make the test results more complete, an improved interface has also been developed. A process expert and six operators were invited to participate in our experiments to measure situational awareness. The results show that the situational awareness of ecological interfaces in unexpected events is significantly higher than that of traditional and advanced interfaces. The significance of this study is that EID, as a practical technology, can be widely used in operator control rooms to improve the ability of operators to solve unexpected events.

Evaluation of the enamel nano-topography influenced by different techniques of interproximal reduction: An atomic force microscopic study.

Interproximal enamel reduction is a part of the orthodontic treatment as a method of space generation in addition to other vast indications. Some studies found that different techniques might impose changes to the enamel surface that alter its topography, which in turn might influence its integrity and susceptibility to caries. Polishing, however, after this procedure is thought to be helpful to reduce these adverse effects. To evaluate the nano-topography of the enamel surfaces after interproximal reduction (IPR) and determine its influence on enamel surface roughness and examine the need for polishing to minimise these influences, when combined with topical fluoride application. A total of 60 proximal surfaces of 40 extracted maxillary premolars (10 premolars left unprepared as the control group) were reduced with different stripping instruments (discs, burs and manual strip system). The surface roughness of enamel was analysed with an atomic force microscope to determine the results quantitatively as well as qualitatively on the nanoscopic scale. One of each proximal surface was followed by polishing and fluoride varnish after the reduction. The results showed that surface roughness was increased in all groups without polishing. The greatest mean roughness was recorded for the disc group (212 ±125.7), followed by the bur group (172 ±93.1) and manual strips (153.8±106.7). The difference between the groups, however, was not significant for both mean roughness (P = 0.656) and height (P = 0.737). The parameters were decreased after polishing in all groups but the difference between methods was not significant for both parameters (P = 0.946 and P = 0.849); however, the mean height was reduced to nearly half the reading in the bur and manual strip method. The disc group only showed a statistically significant decrease in surface roughness with polishing (P < 0.05). All other results were not significant. All methods of interproximal reduction do not influence enamel surface nanotopography significantly with and without polishing. Polishing resulted in significant reduction of surface roughness only in the disc group.

Characterization of nutrient runoff from perennial and annual forages following broiler litter application.

Information on how forage species influence sediment and nutrient transport in runoff is required for limiting non-point source pollution from broiler litter applications. In this study, we examined the effects of five forage species (eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.], Kernza [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey], silphium [Silphium integrifolium Michx.], switchgrass [Panicum virgatum L.], and winter wheat [Triticum aestivum L.]) on runoff nutrient losses from broiler litter-amended (5.6 Mg ha-1 ) and non-amended plots (control) following four simulated rainfall (5cm h-1 ) events that were applied to these plots in late spring and early fall of 2019 and 2021. Runoff collected for 30min was analyzed for total suspended solids (TSS) and nutrients (total organic carbon [TOC], soluble reactive phosphorus [SRP], total dissolved phosphorus [TDP], total phosphorus [TP], total nitrogen [TN], ammonium-nitrogen [NH4 -N], and nitrate-nitrogen [NO3 -N]). Total sediment and nutrient losses increased 5- to 19-fold following litter application for all species, which reduced to background levels during fall rainfall events. Across the four simulated rainfall events, switchgrass resulted in lower cumulative losses of TSS, TOC, SRP, TDP, TP, and NO3 -N than gamagrass and wheat but did not differ from Kernza and silphium for litter-amended treatments. The performance of newly introduced perennial crops (Kernza and silphium) was similar or better than that of gamagrass in terms of cumulative runoff sediment and nutrient losses. Results show high potential for Kernza, silphium, and switchgrass to improve water quality when used in forage-vegetative filter strip systems.

Disposable screen-printed electrochemical sensing strips for rapid decentralized measurements of salivary ketone bodies: Towards therapeutic and wellness applications

The interest in ketone bodies (KBs) has intensified recently as they play significant roles in healthcare, nutrition, and wellness applications. We present a disposable electrochemical sensing strip for rapid decentralized detection of β-hydroxybutyrate (HB), one of the dominant physiological KBs, in saliva. The new salivary enzymatic HB sensor strip relies on a gold-coated screen-printed carbon electrode modified with a reagent layer containing toluidine blue O (TBO mediator), β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD enzyme), and the HBD cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ coenzyme), along with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and chitosan (Chit) for enhancing the sensor's sensitivity and for encapsulating the enzyme and its cofactor, respectively. The systematic optimization resulted in an attractive analytical performance, with a rapid response time within 60 s, a wide HB dynamic detection range from 0.1 to 3.0 mM along with a low limit of detection (50 μM HB) in an artificial saliva medium. The strip displays high selectivity for HB over acetoacetate (AcAc) and other interferences (i.e., acetaminophen, ascorbic acid, glucose, lactic acid, and uric acid), good reproducibility, and high stability towards temperature or pH effects. The new disposable sensing strip system, coupled with a hand-held electrochemical analyzer, showed rapid HB monitoring in human saliva samples collected from healthy volunteers, with similar temporal profiles to those obtained in parallel capillary blood measurements in response to the intake of keto supplements. This strip enables efficient, reliable, and near real-time salivary HB detection to track non-invasively the dynamics of HB concentrations after intaking commercial supplements towards diverse healthcare and nutrition applications.

Design and Development of Sugarcane Leaf Stripper

Background: India is the second largest producer of sugarcane in the world. Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab and Bihar are Indian states have maximum production of sugarcane. During 2019, approximately 307 lakh tonnes of sugarcane was produced in India, which is nearly 11.8 per cent of the global sugarcane production. Sugarcane crop has very long leaves. Stripping of sugarcane leaves is a major problem, which requires labor-intensive effort. Therefore, to resolve this problem, a tractor operated sugarcane stripper machine was designed using the computer aided design (CAD) software. Methods: In main frame of CAD design, a power transmission system, transportation system, feed hopper conveyer, sugarcane de-topper and a stripper system were designed. This machine will reduce human drudgery. Currently, this sugarcane stripper machine is getting very good acceptance nationwide. Further research has been undertaken at Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. This machine was designed. Result: Use of this machine will also help in reducing the cost and time of operation. In future, this machine will help in improving quality of stripping as well as ensuring effective utilization of the resources. The Design and development of sugarcane leaf stripper machine will play a significant role.

THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS OF THE VOLGOGRAD REGION

The study of soil thermophysics is a complex process. It is connected with the weather conditions, the time of year, the cloud cover of the atmosphere. In addition, studies were carried out in a system of bands and the state of the surface layer was influenced by such processes as the number of LP, rock composition. On the interstitial cell – the presence or absence of vegetation, the phases of its development. Therefore, qualitative interpretations of soil temperature indicators will be subjective.&#x0D; Goal. Based on empirical data, using mathematical modeling based on soil temperature data, calculate the thermophysical characteristics of chestnut soils of the Volgograd region.&#x0D; Novelty. For the first time, the characteristics of their thermophysical properties have been calculated for chestnut complex soils.&#x0D; Methods. The soil temperature at a depth of 0–20 and 20–40 cm in the zone of influence of forest strips for a longterm period is considered. The studies were carried out on chestnut and light chestnut soils of the Volgograd region in the system of forest strips (LP). The soil temperature was determined in fields without plants and under crops.&#x0D; Results. The thermal conductivity and thermal conductivity of chestnut soils were determined. A method of thermal reclamation is considered, which, in the absence of evaporation from the soil surface, causes a negative thermal effect (-∆T). When the soil is open in the interband cell (due to increased heat capacity), it warms up more in forested fields than without forest strips (LP).&#x0D; Conclusion. Mathematical modeling was used in the calculations of the thermophysical characteristics of soils. Linear, for soil without plants, and exponential (under agricultural crops) dependences are obtained. Mathematical analysis of empirical data on soil temperature showed no differences in the thermophysics of soils with and without vegetation.

ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT STATE OF PROTECTIVE FOREST STRIPS OF VARIOUS WINDAGE

Forest strip systems have a multifunctional effect on agricultural landscapes, stabilize the agroecological situation, and form new sustainable agroforestry systems.&#x0D; Goal. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the taxation and reclamation parameters of the protective forest strips (PLP) of various windage to assess their current state.&#x0D; The novelty of the research lies in the assessment of the state of various types of ZLN consisting of curtains, wings, modular and linear forest strips on complex chestnut soils.&#x0D; Methods. The methodology included a survey of protective forest stands, laying of permanent test areas, determination of morphometric parameters taking into account the assortment of tree species and their condition. The width of the crown space, openwork, crown closeness coefficient, optical density, etc. were determined by the method of photographic images.&#x0D; Results. Most of the plantings were planted in the period from 1988-92 of the last century. Forest strips whose age exceeds 34 years were created in an ordinary way. In addition to the main breed, shrubs were present in the composition of the bands. Many years of experience in creating forest strips in the dry steppe has revealed the dependence of plantings on the conditions of the soil cover on which they are grown. Moreover, the successful survival of PZLP on meadow-chestnut soils is linked to depressions. Edaphic conditions become an important criterion when growing LP.&#x0D; Conclusion. When the edaphic conditions are significantly complicated, due to the complexity of soils and the rigidity of the climate, it is either extremely difficult or impossible to grow durable, stable and aerodynamically efficient tree plantations from tree species. In such cases, non-linear curtain and backstage plantings may be more reliable and effective.

Manual and mechanical stripping-induced enamel roughness and elemental composition in vivo.

Interproximal enamel reduction (IPR) is routinely used in orthodontics to generate small to moderate amounts of space within the dental arch. Aim of this ex vivo study was to evaluate the effect of two different IPR systems on the enamel surface's waviness, roughness, and elemental composition after 6 months of intraoral exposure. Fifteen orthodontic extraction patients were included in the present study. The 39 healthy premolars, which were scheduled to be extracted, were subjected to IPR at least 6 months before their extraction. IPR was performed on their mesial side with two different methods: (1) instrumented method with the Ortho-Strips system (on handpiece) and (2) manually with the Intensiv ProxoStrip (strips)-each with four different grits for contouring, finishing, and polishing. The distal side of each premolar served as its own internal control. Treated and untreated tooth surfaces were evaluated by optical profilometry, Raman, and scanning electron microscope/X-ray energy-dispersive (EDX) analyses. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics and generalized linear models at alpha = 5%. Both IPR methods significantly reduced the waviness of the enamel surface (P < 0.001), with manual IPR leading to smaller waviness reductions than the instrumented IPR (P ≤ 0.001). On the other side, both IPR methods led to a significant increase in enamel surface roughness (P < 0.001), with no significant differences between IPR methods. EDX and Raman analyses did not demonstrate any alterations on elemental composition of enamel after at least 6 months of intraoral exposure. Both stripping systems led to a flatter but rougher enamel surface. Further polishing is needed to restore the initial enamel smoothness. The elemental composition of the stripped enamel returns to the baseline level after 6 months of intraoral exposure.

An innovative frictional anchorage system for flat CFRP ribbon strips

Unidirectional carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials represent a promising alternative to steel because of their lightweight, high tensile strength, and excellent corrosion and fatigue resistance. Stress-ribbon structural systems define the potential application object of unidirectional flat CFRP strips. However, anchorage difficulties make this idea problematic—the typical gripping systems are inefficient for anchoring the CFRP ribbons because of the tremendous thrust forces-induced stress concentration. Thus, the innovative frictional spiral anchorage system of the flat CFRP strips is the object of this study, which formulates the design principles for the frictional joins. Furthermore, the proposed theoretical model minimises the gripping system size, satisfying the CFRP strength limitation when the developed modified Archimedean spiral determines the shape of the contact surface. This work experimentally demonstrates the theoretical concept’s adequacy—the mechanical resistance prediction error does not exceed 7% in the loading range covering the service load conditions. In addition, the manuscript presents several examples of frictional gripping systems, including the stress-ribbon pedestrian bridge prototype, and provides further insights into the frictional anchorage systems.

Improvement of forest reclamation of arable land

In this article the authors consider improvement of forest reclamation of arable land. One of the main elements of the formation of the organizational and territorial basis for preventing soil erosion and conducting adaptive agriculture is the forest-reclamation arrangement of arable land. The system of forest strips lays a reliable foundation for improving farming regimes, preserving and reproducing soil fertility. The modern paradigm of agricultural nature management requires improvement and development of new approaches in the field of designing forest strips in areas of intensive erosion processes.

Novel synthesis of sensor for selective detection of Fe+3 ions under various solvents

Naked-eye colored chemo dosimeter based on vanilline based conjugated sensor was synthesized and characterized. The main point of this paper is that the solvent also affects on selectivity of metals. Vanilline based conjugate sensor exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity for detection of Ferric ions (Fe+3) in all (both polar and nonpolar) solvents according to absorbance which can be observed by naked eye. The selectivity was more prominent in nonpolar or less polar solvent due to solubility factor of ions and sensor but not for polar. The detection of limit of the synthesized probes was shown up to 0.84 ppm. The dielectric constant of solvents affected on the complex formation of ligand with transition metal ions. A filter paper strip system was used for rapid monitoring of detection by color variation.

Application of optimized microchannel separator to maximize the reuse efficiency of purified water in the petrochemical industry

In the petrochemical industry, water is purified through a steam stripping system. However, the generated water contains approximately 5–10 mg/L of suspended solids (SS), which does not meet the high-pressure air-cooled water standard (SS ≤0.2 mg/L) proposed by the American Petroleum Institute (API). Therefore, additional efforts are needed to reduce the content of SS and facilitate the recycling of water resources, in addition to saving energy and reducing emissions. This study proposed a physical separation method based on microchannel technology, after which a laboratory-scale experimental study was conducted to assess the influence of important parameters such as bed height, filler type, and particle size on the separation performance of the microchannel separator. Next, a 1 m3/h pilot-plant was established to comprehensively evaluate the removal efficiency and operational stability of SS in the purified water. Our study found that in weakly alkaline purified water, when the filler bed height was greater than 1500 mm, and using 0.105–0.125 mm glass beads, the effluent SS could reach 0.2 mg/L and purified water could be stably obtained with a 95% recovery rate. Therefore, it was estimated that a 100 m³ /h industrial-scale installation could save approximately $1100,000 in salt water and effluent treatment alone, in addition to reducing the annual CO2 emissions by approximately 15,000 t. This is a low-cost method that does not require any additional chemicals while delivering high-efficiency separation, which reduces the demand for fresh water by petrochemical companies, increases corporate benefits, and meets the requirements of emission reduction and environmental protection.

Seismic Response Sensitivity Analysis of the Raft Foundation NPP Reactor Building under Different Site Conditions

The seismic sensors used for automatic seismic trip systems (ASTS) of nuclear power plants (NPPs) are mainly arranged on the raft foundation of reactor buildings; however, the arrangement principle of seismic sensors is not clear. In order to analyze the seismic response sensitivity of the raft foundation of reactor building in NPPs, this paper carried out the seismic response sensitivity research at seven positions on the raft foundation of a reactor building under three site conditions, with two sets of time histories as input. The results show that (1) the peak acceleration of the outer ring point of the raft foundation was the largest, and the peak acceleration of the center point was the smallest; (2) the peak value of the floor response spectrum at the outer ring point of the raft foundation was the largest, and the peak value at the center point was the smallest. In an earthquake, the outer ring point of the raft foundation of the reactor building was the most sensitive. It was suggested that the seismic sensors used for ASTS should be arranged at the outer ring of the raft foundation NPP reactor building, and the shutdown threshold shall be calculated according to site conditions and structural characteristics.

An Alternative Approach to Improve the Butanol Production Efficiency from Sweet Sorghum Stem Juice Using Immobilized Cells Combined with an In Situ Gas Stripping System

The effects of the nitrogen source and buffers used in butanol production with Clostridium beijerinckii TISTR 1461 from sweet sorghum stem juice (SSJ) containing 60 g/L of total sugar were first studied in this paper. Among the various nitrogen sources (dried spent yeast, urea, ammonium acetate, ammonium sulfate), urea was found to be the most suitable for butanol production. SSJ supplemented with urea (0.64 g/L) and cocktail buffers (KH2PO4, 0.5 g/L; K2HPO4, 0.5 g/L; ammonium acetate, 2.2 g/L) gave the highest butanol concentration (PB, 10.13 g/L). Then, the capability of immobilized C. beijerinckii TISTR 1461 cells for butanol fermentation was investigated. Two residual waste materials were examined as immobilized cell carriers. Bamboo chopstick pieces were more appropriate as carriers for cell immobilization than cigarette filter tips. The PB value of the immobilized cells on the bamboo chopstick pieces was ~13% higher than that on the cigarette filter tips. Using the response surface methodology (RSM), 1.9 cm bamboo chopstick pieces with a carrier loading of 1:32 (w/v) were the optimum conditions for cell immobilization for butanol production. Under these conditions, the PB value was 11.62 g/L. To improve the butanol production efficiency, a gas stripping system (GS) was connected to the fermenter. It was found that the PB (14.02 g/L) and butanol productivity (QB, 0.29 g/L·h) values improved by ~21% compared to butanol fermentation using no gas stripping.

Improvement of forest reclamation of arable land

One of the main elements of the organizational and territorial basis for preventing soil erosion and conducting adaptive agriculture is the forest reclamation activities used on arable land. The system of forest strips lays a reliable foundation for improving farming regimes, preserving and reproducing soil fertility. The modern paradigm of agricultural nature management requires improvement and development of new approaches in designing forest strips in areas of intensive erosion processes.

Evidence for Anthropogenic Organic Aerosols Contributing to Ice Nucleation

AbstractThe role of organic aerosols (OA) as ice nucleating particles (INPs) deserves attention because of their high atmospheric abundance. The low concentration of INPs poses challenges in identifying the ice nucleation (IN) of OA among a mix of aerosol types in ambient environment. This study coupled a catalytic stripper system (350°C heating) with a continuous flow diffusion chamber to online investigate the immersion INPs of ambient particles at −30°C at a suburban site. Significant reduction (71 ± 25%) of INP concentrations after evaporation suggested that INPs can be significantly contributed by volatile OA. In addition, nonvolatile OA were more efficient INPs than black carbon. Oxygenated OA by photooxidation and lower ambient promoted the IN activity at noon, when the OA may be more viscous. These results hereby present the first field evidence that OA in anthropogenically influenced regions can be efficient INPs well above the homogeneous IN temperature.

Optimization of Sour Water Stripping Unit Using Artificial Neural Network–Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Sour water stripping can treat the sour water produced by crude oil processing, which has the effect of environmental protection, energy saving and emission reduction. This paper aims to reduce energy consumption of the unit by strengthening process parameter optimization. Firstly, the basic model is established by utilizing Aspen Plus, and the optimal model is determined by comparative analysis of back propagation neural network (BPNN), radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and generalized regression neural network (GRNN) models. Then, the sensitivity analysis of Sobol is used to select the operating variables that have a significant influence on the energy consumption of the sour water stripping system. Finally, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to optimize the operating conditions of the sour water stripping unit. The results show that the RBFNN model is more accurate than other models. Its network structure is 5-66-1, and the expected value has an approximately linear relationship with the output value. Through sensitivity analysis, it is found that each operating parameter has an impact on the sour water stripping process, which needs to be optimized by the PSO algorithm. After 210 iterations of the PSO algorithm, the optimal system energy consumption is obtained. In addition, the cold/hot feed ratio, sideline production position, tower bottom pressure, hot feed temperature, and cold feed temperature are 0.117, 18, 436 kPa, 146 °C, and 35 °C, respectively; the system energy consumption is 5.918 MW. Compared with value of 7.128 MW before optimization, the energy consumption of the system is greatly reduced by 16.97%, which shows that the energy-saving effect is very significant.

Synthetic fluorescent organic molecule for the detection of diethylcyanophosphonate via ON-OFF sensing mechanism: paper strips system for real-time application

ABSTRACT Imidazo[1,2-a] pyridine-based two probes with different substituents containing oxime and hydroxyl functional groups were synthesised and evaluated for detection of tabun nerve agent simulant diethylcyanophosphonate (DCNP). The nucleophile hydroxyl group present on both the probes can be rapidly phosphorylated by DCNP through a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The probes were fluorescent and on reacting with DCNP underwent fluorescence OFF, which can be visualised under a UV lamp at 365 nm wavelength. The limit of detection for probes 1 and 2 was calculated as 0.66 μM and 0.54 μM, respectively. The mechanism of detection was studied using spectroscopic techniques revealed that the hydroxyl group is involved in the reaction with DCNP. The probes were found selective for the detection of DCNP in presence of other electrophilic interfering agents. Results were obtained in aqueous media and probes can be used directly for the rapid and sensitive detection of DCNP in water without any pretreatment.