Stressful Circumstances Research Articles

Inosine pretreatment of pregnant rats ameliorates maternal inflammation-mediated hypomyelination in pups via microglia polarization switch

Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a neurological condition observed in premature infants, characterized by hypomyelination and activation of microglia. Maternal inflammation-induced brain injury in offspring significantly contributes to the development of PVL. Currently, there are no clinical pharmaceutical interventions available for pregnant women to prevent maternal inflammation-mediated brain injury in their offspring. Inosine has been shown to modulate the immune response in diverse stressful circumstances, such as injury, ischemia, and inflammation. The aim of this investigation was to examine the potential prophylactic impact of inosine on offspring PVL induced by maternal inflammation. This was accomplished by administering a 1 mg/ml inosine solution (40 ml daily) to pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats for 16 consecutive days prior to their intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (350 µg/kg, once a day, for two days). The results showed that maternal inosine pretreatment significantly reversed the reduction in MBP and CNPase (myelin-related markers), CC-1 and Olig2 (oligodendrocyte-related markers) in their PVL pups (P7), suggesting that inosine administration during pregnancy could improve hypomyelination and enhance the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in their PVL pups. Furthermore, the protective mechanism of inosine against PVL is closely associated with the activation and polarization of microglia. This is evidenced by a notable reduction in the quantity of IBA 1-positive microglia, a decrease in the level of CD86 (a marker for M1 microglia), an increase in the level of Arg 1 (a marker for M2 microglia), as well as a decrease in the level of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and an increase in the level of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10 in the brain of PVL pups following maternal inosine pretreatment. Taken together, inosine pretreatment of pregnant rats can improve hypomyelination in their PVL offspring by triggering the M1/M2 switch of microglia.

Synaptotagmin-4 induces anhedonic responses to chronic stress via BDNF signaling in the medial prefrontal cortex

Stressful circumstances are significant contributors to mental illnesses such as major depressive disorder. Anhedonia, defined as loss of the ability to enjoy pleasure in pleasurable situations, including rewarding activities or social contexts, is considered a key symptom of depression. Although stress-induced depression is associated with anhedonia in humans and animals, the underlying molecular mechanisms of anhedonic responses remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that synaptotagmin-4 (SYT4), which is involved in the release of neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors, is implicated in chronic stress-induced anhedonia. Employing chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), we evaluated two subpopulations of mice, susceptible (SUS, anhedonic) and resilient (RES, nonanhedonic), based on sucrose preference, which was strongly correlated with social reward. The FosTRAP (targeted recombination in active populations) system and optogenetic approach revealed that neural activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was significantly associated with CUS-induced anhedonic behavioral phenotypes. By conducting weighted gene coexpression network analysis of RNA sequencing data from the mPFC of SUS and RES mice, we identified Syt4 as a hub gene in a gene network that was unique to anhedonia. We also confirmed that Syt4 overexpression in the mPFC was pro-susceptible, while Syt4 knockdown was pro-resilient; the pro-susceptible effects of SYT4 were mediated through a reduction in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling in the mPFC. These findings suggest that SYT4-BDNF interactions in the mPFC represent a crucial regulatory mechanism of anhedonic susceptibility to chronic stress.

Household food insecurity is negatively associated with achievement of prenatal intentions to feed only breast milk in the first six months postpartum.

Household food insecurity (HFI) has been associated with suboptimal breastfeeding practices. Postpartum factors reported by caregivers include stressful life circumstances and maternal diet quality concerns. It is unknown whether prenatal breast milk feeding intentions, a well-established predictor of breastfeeding outcomes, differ by HFI status. We explored associations between HFI and prenatal intentions to feed any and only breast milk in the first 6 months postpartum, and achievement of these intentions. We utilized data from self-identified biological mothers with children 6-12 months of age who responded to a retrospective, cross-sectional online infant feeding survey conducted in Nova Scotia, Canada. HFI (yes/no) was assessed using the Household Food Security Survey Module. Prenatal intentions to feed any and only breast milk were assessed based on responses to five options for infant milk feeding plans. Achievement of intentions was assessed by breast milk and formula feeding practices in the first 6 months. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted, adjusting for maternal socio-demographics. Among 459 respondents, 28% reported HFI; 88% intended to feed any breast milk and 77% intended to feed only breast milk, with no difference by HFI status. Of those intending to feed any breast milk, 99% succeeded, precluding further analysis. Among mothers who intended to provide only breast milk, only 51% achieved their intention, with lower odds among those with HFI (aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.29-0.98). HFI was not associated with intentions for feeding breast milk in the first 6 months postpartum, but mothers with HFI were less likely to achieve their intention to provide only breast milk. Further research is needed to understand the underlying reasons for this and to guide intervention designs to address HFI and help mothers reach their breastfeeding goals.

Association of Antenatal Gender Preference with Perceived Stress among Pregnant Women

Background: Antenatal stress is the stress experienced by a pregnant mother as a result of stressful life circumstances. Gender preference for male children and dislike for female children prevails in many regions of the world. Therefore, this study aimed to determine how gender preferences during pregnancy, influenced by cultural and sociodemographic factors, contribute to perceived maternal stress. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the association between stress and gender preference in pregnant women. A total of 363 healthy pregnant females recruited from tertiary care hospitals of Karachi and Lahore via purposive sampling technique were first interviewed for demographic information. The self-structured questionnaire comprises items based on preferences in pregnancies and antenatal or postnatal psychological health, was then asked to be filled to determine the association between antenatal gender preference and perceived stress among the participants. Results: Male child preferences were significantly linked to antenatal stress (32.8%, p<0.05). Gender scans were performed in around 33.1% and 64.6%of mothers desired male children. The rationale behind it is that a male offspring will be able to support them in their later years. Conclusion: It was concluded that a significant association wasfoundbetween male child preferences and antenatal stress. Moreover, antenatal stress was also associated with younger mother age, low self-esteem, low socioeconomic position, and a strong familial desire for sons. Premature birth, low birth weight, and inadequate prenatal care are all possible outcomes of stress during pregnancy. Keywords: Gender Identity, Pregnancy, Prenatal Care, Psychological Factors.

Recent Advances in Photosynthesis, Plant Hormones and Applications in Plant Growth

Changes in the pigment and protein complexes involved in the light reactions of photosynthesis can be caused by environmental conditions, particularly those related to light quality and intensity during growth. The metabolome analysis of rice and soybean showed that dehydration stress increased the levels of galactinol and raffinose. One key method by which microorganisms control plant development has been proposed to be the generation of auxin or auxin precursors by bacteria associated with roots, or the manipulation of auxin production in plants. The effects of pathogenic and beneficial root-interacting fungi on the hormone content and auxin responsiveness of Arabidopsis, as determined by the auxin-inducible promoter system. Many developmental processes, like stem elongation, germination, vegetative growth, blooming, and reproduction, are regulated by GAs. Analyzing the metabolome of Several distinct defensive mechanisms function in different ways to prevent or lessen harm. Coeluting substances in the sample matrix have an effect on the analyte signals. They can impede or, less frequently, increase the analyte's ionization process, producing stronger or weaker signals, respectively. Furthermore, auxin, a different hormone present in plants, combines with cytokinins to prevent senescence, which, at least in its early stages, serves as a structured metabolic time and a tissue breakdown. Furthermore, synthetic amino acids with unique light-absorbing side chains may be used to add colors to such a new photosystem and rice showed that under circumstances of dehydration stress, levels of galactinol and raffinose were enhanced.

All board members—not just the chair—have a role to play in curbing conflicts

It's common for nonprofit boards to experience turmoil and conflict among members from time to time—and especially during times of high stress and unusual circumstances. And while the board chair—as the most senior leader of the board—has a central role to play in helping to resolve such disputes, each individual board member shares some responsibility for limiting conflict to begin with, according to Jeremy Barlow of BoardEffect.

Biochar Production and Characteristics, Its Impacts on Soil Health, Crop Production, and Yield Enhancement: A Review.

Rapid urban expansion and a booming population are placing immense pressure on our agricultural systems, leading to detrimental impacts on soil fertility and overall health. Due to the extensive use of agrochemicals in agriculture, the necessity to meet the expanding demand for food has also resulted in unsustainable farming practices. Around the world, biochar, a multipurpose carbonaceous material, is being used to concurrently solve issues with enhancing soil fertility, plant growth, and development under both normal and stressful circumstances. It improves water retention, fosters nutrient absorption, and promotes microbial activity, creating a fertile environment that supports sustainable and resilient agriculture. Additionally, biochar acts as a carbon sink, contributing to long-term carbon sequestration and mitigating climate change impacts. The major benefit of biochar is that it helps the adsorption process with its highly porous structures and different functional groups. Understanding the elements involved in biochar formation that determine its characteristics and adsorptive capacity is necessary to assure the viability of biochar in terms of plant productivity and soil health, particularly biological activity in soil. This paper focuses on the development, composition, and effects of biochar on soil fertility and health, and crop productivity.

Mental health and societal challenges among forced migrants of diverse sexual orientations, gender identities and gender expressions: health professionals’ descriptions and interpretations

The aim of this study was to explore health professionals’ descriptions and interpretations of post-migration mental health and societal challenges among forced migrants with diverse sexual orientations, gender identities and gender expressions. Participants representing seven professions were recruited by a combination of convenience, purposive and snowball sampling. Data were collected through focus groups and individual interviews, analysed with systematic text condensation in a collaborative process involving researchers, clinicians and migrants with lived experiences. Participants described a challenging trajectory for migrants, as migrants venture through an uncertain and demanding journey impacting their mental health. Needing to deal with legal requirements, stressful circumstances and normative expectations during the asylum process were highlighted as major challenges, along with exposure to discrimination, violence, abuse and lack of psychosocial safety. Participants described significant psychological distress among migrants, including loneliness and shame. Challenges were also recognised related to exploring, accepting and expressing sexuality and gender. Loneliness and shame are major challenges in need of further attention in research, which could be addressed through the development and evaluation of actions, programmes and interventions to provide peer support.

Micro-biophysical interactions at bacterium-mineral interfaces determine potassium dissolution

Bacteria-mineral interactions are widespread in the Earth’s critical zones. They play essential roles in soil ecosystems, e.g., minerals weathering, soil formation, soil nutrient cycling and climate change. Employing a microscopy experimental system, we quantified how microscale interactions between Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and potassium feldspar influence mineral dissolution and potassium bioavailability. The results revealed that P. aeruginosa PAO1 tended to adhere onto the mineral solid-liquid interfaces facilitated by the bacterial flagellar- and pilus-mediated interfacial motilities, which are often highly hindered by the mineral rough interfaces typically under hydration stress circumstances. The surface-attached bacterial life-form likely intensified potassium feldspar dissolution and thereby enhanced potassium releasing. As a consequence, it promoted bacterial population proliferation which further reinforced localized interactions between P. aeruginosa PAO1 and minerals, accelerating potassium release. In addition, the bacterial biofilm formation and potassium release peaked at 30 h after incubation, with a maximum available potassium concentration of 19.96 mg l−1 and a ratio of public potassium contribution of 47.0%. These cell-scale quantitative estimates on bacteria-minerals interactions provide new insights into mechanistic understanding of microbial functionalities in regulating the biogeochemical processes of soil elements.

Exploring Staff Nurses’ Lived Experiences of Resilience in Relation to Spirituality during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Spirituality was reported to act as a source of resilience, particularly in stressful circumstances. As COVID-19 caused uncertainties that tested resilience, especially for those in the medical field, this study aims to explore the role of spirituality in the experience of resilience among staff nurses. Participants for this study were staff nurses in Northern Mindanao who have been working directly with COVID-19 patients and are all working in private hospitals in Cagayan de Oro City. Interviews were conducted online to gather data. For this study, interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to explore how participants make sense of their experiences of resilience. The main currency for an Interpersonal Phenomenological Analysis study is the meanings particular experiences, events, and states hold for participants. The data resulted in four core themes: (1) resilience through faith in the face of adversity, (2) spiritual relief in solitude, (3) finding peace through acceptance, and (4) compassionate service rooted in faith. The dedication of the medical front liners reflects the transformative power of faith in fostering resilience and solidarity within their spiritual communities. Their experiences emphasized the impact of spirituality in navigating challenges, cultivating resilience, and fostering solidarity amidst adversity.

Exploring Staff Nurses’ Lived Experiences of Resilience in Relation to Spirituality during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Spirituality was reported to act as a source of resilience, particularly in stressful circumstances. As COVID-19 caused uncertainties that tested resilience, especially for those in the medical field, this study aims to explore the role of spirituality in the experience of resilience among staff nurses. Participants for this study were staff nurses in Northern Mindanao who have been working directly with COVID-19 patients and are all working in private hospitals in Cagayan de Oro City. Interviews were conducted online to gather data. For this study, interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to explore how participants make sense of their experiences of resilience. The main currency for an Interpersonal Phenomenological Analysis study is the meanings particular experiences, events, and states hold for participants. The data resulted in four core themes: (1) resilience through faith in the face of adversity, (2) spiritual relief in solitude, (3) finding peace through acceptance, and (4) compassionate service rooted in faith. The dedication of the medical front liners reflects the transformative power of faith in fostering resilience and solidarity within their spiritual communities. Their experiences emphasized the impact of spirituality in navigating challenges, cultivating resilience, and fostering solidarity amidst adversity.

STABILITY INDICATING UPLC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF BENAZEPRIL AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE IN BULK AND COMBINED DOSAGE FORM

Objective: The main objective was to develop stability indicating UPLC technique for simultaneous estimation of Benazepril and Hydrochlorothiazide in bulk and formulation. Methods: 0.1% Triethylamine phosphate: Methanol (25:75v/v) was used as the mobile phase. Benazepril linearity was found to be 4-20 µg/ml and Hydrochlorothiazide linearity was found to be 5-25 g/ml. The detection wavelength was 236 nm, and the retention period of Benazepril was 3.4 min and Hydrochlorothiazide was 5.4 min with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. According to the ICH guidlines, the proposed method was validated and stress studies revealed that the drugs are prone to alkali and peroxide stress conditions. Results: The calibration curve was plotted, and the regression equations for Benazepril were y = 2,01,491.67x+60,532.30 with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9997 and Hydrochlorothiazide were y = 64,635.86x-74,607.10 with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9994. According to the accuracy research, the percent recovery of Benazepril is 99.09-100.69 % and that of Hydrochlorothiazide is 98.27-101.88%, both of which are within the ICH recommendations. Benazepril has a limit of detection of 0.08 g/ml-0.24 g/ml and Hydrochlorothiazide has a limit of quantitation of 0.03 g/ml-0.10 g/ml. The procedure was found to be straightforward, linear, rapid, exact, repeatable, and robust. It was determined that the % RSD was within ICH norms. Stress degradation tests showed the drug's vulnerability to oxidative, thermal, photolytic, acid, basic, and neutral hydrolysis stress conditions. Under the circumstances of alkali and peroxide stress, it was discovered that the drug degraded most quickly. Conclusion: The developed chromatographic technique under consideration was suitable for the accurate, precise, and quick simultaneous measurement of hydrochlorothiazide and benazepril in both their bulk and medicinal dose forms.

The Impact of Aromatherapy Gelatin Cold Compresses on the Concentration Level of Students in the Covid-19 Pandemic Online Class.

Stressful circumstances presented by the Covid-19 pandemic led to reduced levels of study concentration among students, and these conditions had been linked with dopamine levels. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of aromatherapy gelatin cold compress in increasing the study concentration of students by decreasing stress levels and elevating dopamine levels during the Covid-19 pandemic online class. The study participants consisted of 42 students, who were selected using the simple random sampling method. Subsequently, the participants were comparably divided into control and treatment groups. Compress intervention was given to the treatment group on the forehead for 10 min before studying online. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Stroop test were then used to determine stress and concentration levels of the students, respectively. The catecholamine fractionated urine was used to measure dopamine levels. Analysis was carried out using Paired T-test and Independent T-test with α = 0.05 and CI = 95%. The mean value of the VAS before and after treatment was 5.81 ± 2.48 and 5.28 ± 2.61 in the control (p = 0.205), as well as 6.28 ± 1.62 and 4.38 ± 1.89 in the treatment group (p = 0.000). The mean interference score of the Stroop test before and after treatment was 13.16 ± 1.05 and 13.22 ± 1.31 among the controls (p = 0.947), while 13.35 ± 6.94 and 8.92 ± 5.91 were recorded in the treatment group (p = 0.000). The average dopamine levels before and after the intervention were 145.50 ± 7.94 mg/mL and 146.65 ± 8.23 mg/mL creatinine among the controls (p = 0.542), while 145.35 ± 1.03 mg/mL and 265.18 ± 1.27 mg/mL creatinine were obtained in the treatment group (p = 0.01). Furthermore, the results showed that the creatinine levels were within the normal ranges. The Independent T-test of stress, concentration, and dopamine levels obtained p = 0.024, p = 0.010, and p = 0.090, respectively. Aromatherapy gelatin cold compress was effective in increasing study concentration by decreasing stress levels and increasing dopamine levels during the Covid-19 pandemic online class.

COVID-19-induced changes to food consumption and perceived well-being among low-income consumers in Trinidad and Tobago

PurposeThe global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been well documented, but there is still limited insight into the complex interaction of factors that determine its longer-term effects on the most vulnerable sectors of society. The current study therefore develops an integrated conceptual framework to investigate how consumers' fear of mortality and the perceived risk of severe illness associated with COVID-19 act as critical determinants of consumer food choices and perceived well-being.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was utilized to collect data from a sample of 407 adult, low-income consumers across Trinidad and Tobago. The PROCESS macro was used to empirically test the hypothesized relationships in a moderated mediation model.FindingsThe results confirm that an increase in the perceived risk of severe illness has a significant negative effect on the consumption of healthy foods and perceived well-being. Moreover, consumers' choice of healthy foods mediates the negative relationship between consumers' perceived risk of severe COVID-19 illness and subjective well-being. Finally, the negative relationship between perceived risk of illness and healthy food choice weakens as an individual's fear of pandemic-related mortality increases.Originality/valueThis research integrates multiple related theoretical constructs to provide a more nuanced understanding of the lingering impact that risk perceptions and fear have on consumer food choices and associated well-being among a vulnerable Caribbean population. The changes identified have important implications for researchers interested in consumer food preferences as well as policymakers seeking to promote a healthy lifestyle among individuals coping with psychologically stressful circumstances.

PSYCHOSOCIAL RESOURCES IN THE CONTEXT OF VULNERABILITY AMONG OLDER ADULTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR WELL-BEING

Abstract Social ties and mastery may buffer detrimental effects of stressful life circumstances and vulnerability as individuals age. The purpose of this symposium is to understand the role of psychosocial resources for multiple dimensions of well-being across several age-related contexts. Luong et al. examined social ties’ effects on moving into senior housing using a burst design, finding that social ties were less helpful in the beginning of the move but regained beneficial effects on well-being later. Kinkade and Fuller examined the role of social integration on the longitudinal effects of the widowhood transition for well-being, concluding that increased social integration had protective impacts on depression and functional health among widows compared to non-widows. Birditt et al. assessed the implications of positive activities and social interactions among dementia caregivers using ecological momentary assessments. Positive activities and positive interactions with care recipients were associated with lower levels of daily burden and greater positive affect especially among caregivers who reported high levels of burden. Ryan examined spouses’ psychosocial characteristics on partners’ well-being and whether they varied by cognitive status of the partner. She found that spouses’ positive support from children amidst other negative psychosocial experiences was protective for their partner’s life satisfaction. Sherman found that self-esteem for mid-life and older women was associated with higher mastery and lower constraints beliefs and that both were mediated by frequency of self-objectification. Together, these papers highlight the importance of psychosocial resources for well-being as individuals as they age and face new or on-going challenges.

Role of pandemic‐related experiences and maternal psychological distress in maternal rejection

AbstractObjectiveThe current study focuses on the indirect link between mothers' COVID‐19 pandemic‐related experiences of home chaos, pandemic‐related anxiety, social support, and perceived maternal rejection through maternal psychological distress (MPD).BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic had striking effects on families, and parents with school‐aged children were especially considered more at risk. Yet, the growing research documented negative and positive outcomes for the parent–child relationship.MethodIn this two‐wave study, data were collected before (January–February 2020) and during the pandemic (November–December 2020) from 318 Turkish mothers (Mage = 37.13, SD = 5.67) with predominantly low educational attainment and children in Grades 1 to 11 (Mage = 11.57, SD = 3.05). MPD and perceived maternal rejection were measured before and during the pandemic. Maternal pandemic‐related anxiety, mothers' perceived social support, and chaos in the home environment were measured only during the pandemic. Structural equation modeling was used for analysis.ResultsAfter pre‐pandemic MPD and perceived maternal rejection were controlled, MPD was positively associated with rejection during the pandemic. Pandemic‐related anxiety and home chaos, but not social support, predicted maternal rejection through MPD.ConclusionMothers' COVID‐19–related experiences were related to increased MPD, which also predicted increased maternal rejection as perceived by children.ImplicationsThe results should be considered in developing programs for mothers facing stressful circumstances. In particular, we recommend programs that promote equal role division in the family, which could support maternal well‐being, alleviate MPD, and improve the mother–child relationship.

Differential Regulation of TFEB-Induced Autophagy during Mtb Infection and Starvation.

Through the promotion of phagolysosome formation, autophagy has emerged as a crucial mechanism to eradicate intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). A cell-autonomous host defense mechanism called lysosome biogenesis and autophagy transports cytoplasmic cargos and bacterial phagosomes to lysosomes for destruction during infection. Similar occurrences occurred in stressful or starvation circumstances and led to autophagy, which is harmful to the cell. It is interesting to note that under both hunger and infection states, the transcription factor EB (TFEB) acts as a master regulator of lysosomal activities and autophagy. This review highlighted recent research on the multitier regulation of TFEB-induced autophagy by a variety of host effectors and Mtb sulfolipid during Mtb infection and starvation. In general, the research presented here sheds light on how lysosome biogenesis and autophagy are differentially regulated by the TFEB during Mtb infection and starvation.

Development and Evaluation of a Nurse Practitioner Huddles Toolkit for Long Term Care Homes.

Long-term care homes (LTCHs) were disproportionately affected by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, creating stressful circumstances for LTCH employees, residents, and their care partners. Team huddles may improve staff outcomes and enable a supportive climate. Nurse practitioners (NPs) have a multifaceted role in LTCHs, including facilitating implementation of new practices. Informed by a community-based participatory approach to research, this mixed-methods study aimed to develop and evaluate a toolkit for implementing NP-led huddles in an LTCH. The toolkit consists of two sections. Section one describes the huddles' purpose and implementation strategies. Section two contains six scripts to guide huddle discussions. Acceptability of the intervention was evaluated using a quantitative measure (Treatment Acceptability Questionnaire) and through qualitative interviews with huddle participants. Descriptive statistics and manifest content analysis were used to analyse quantitative and qualitative data. The project team rated the toolkit as acceptable. Qualitative findings provided evidence on design quality, limitations, and recommendations for future huddles.

Розвиток соціально-психологічних методів управління персоналом в умовах воєнного стану

Personnel management is an activity that creates many new challenges for managers who implement it at the enterprise. Today, one of these challenges is personnel management under martial law. In the con-ditions of martial law, a person's mental state is especially vulnerable, which is accompanied by a change in behavior, a low level of information perception, and an aggressive attitude towards others. All these negative processes are formed under the influence of stress in which people are, in particular, employees in organizations under martial law. People perceive and experience stress in different ways, some gradually adapt to the new reality, recover, and some in response to stressful circumstances and events feel uplifted and want to move forward against everything. In the conditions of martial law, the mental health of em-ployees is a factor that significantly affects labor productivity. Therefore, there is a need for the manager to use social and psychological methods at all levels and stages of management. This will contribute to the formation of a highly qualified and effective team, each member of which will realize their potential at the highest level, as a result of which the efficiency of the enterprise will increase. Social-psychological meth-ods appeal to the management of relationships. The main specificity of such methods is the use of informal factors, interests of the group, collective. At the same time, the competently implemented socio-psychological influence of the manager will form the employee's psychological resources for long-term successful activity. The main feature of psychological methods is the appeal to the inner world of a person, his personality, intelligence, feelings, images and behavior in order to direct the inner potential of a person to the solution of specific tasks of the enterprise. A review of literary sources and own research allow us to state that the formation of an effective labor team in the conditions of martial law directly depends on the identification, formation and development of psychological resources among employees. Despite the diffi-cult operating conditions of domestic enterprises, the proposed directions for the formation of psychologi-cal resources and well-argued evidence of the effectiveness of socio-psychological personnel management methods in the conditions of martial law should comprehensively solve the problem of reducing labor productivity, namely, from reducing organizational stress to improving the company's reputation, increas-ing trust in leadership and team cohesion.

Drought’s Impact on Growth and Strategies to Mitigate its Effects on Potato Cultivation: A review

The potato is the third most widely produced cereal in the world, behind rice and wheat. The contemporary potato is vulnerable to yield loss in prolonged droughts. Droughts are becoming more severe and common as a result of global warming. Because of its shallow root system, potatoes are easily parched. The occurrence of drought and water shortage has substantial ramifications for the production of potatoes, exerting influence on both the volume and quality of potato harvests. Potatoes are a crop that needs a substantial amount of water, since they rely on a regular and sufficient water supply during their whole growth cycle. The presence of drought conditions or limited water supplies might result in many adverse consequences for the cultivation of potatoes. Potato plants are susceptible to experiencing stunted growth and development as a direct result of the water stress that is brought on by drought conditions. The restricted supply of water adversely affects the absorption of vital nutrients by plants, resulting in imbalances and deficits in nutritional levels. These conditions may lead to inhibited development, diminished leaf surface, and a lower quantity of tubers. Water stress circumstances have a considerable negative impact on the total production potential of potato crops. Moreover, the phenomenon of water shortage has a significant impact on the physiological mechanisms of potato plants, specifically in relation to essential functions like photosynthesis and transpiration. A scarcity of water during the tuber bulking phases might lead to a reduction in potato size, hence impacting its commercial worth. The use of effective irrigation systems, such as drip irrigation or precision sprinklers, has the potential to optimize water usage and minimize losses resulting from evaporation. The use of water conservation methods and the adoption of drought-resistant potato cultivars are crucial solutions for mitigating the effects of water shortage on potato farming. Through the use of these procedures, farmers have the ability to augment the resilience of their potato crops and guarantee the attainment of sustainable production, even when faced with conditions of low water availability.