ABSTRACT This study provides an exact analytical examination of the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection flow of a viscous, incompressible, and electrically conducting fluid through a porous medium, past an exponentially accelerated inclined plate. The novelty of this research lies in the simultaneous consideration of thermal stratification, an inclined magnetic field, thermal radiation, chemical reactions, and a heat source—a combination not collectively examined in previous studies. The governing equations are solved for using the Laplace transform method. Closed‐form expressions for velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are derived and analyzed in relation to key physical parameters. The analysis shows that thermal stratification lowers both the velocity and temperature fields while raising the wall shear stress and heat transfer rates. In particular, skin friction and the Nusselt number increase by and , respectively, compared to the non‐stratified case. Additionally, increasing the angle of inclination of the applied magnetic field improved the temperature profile but reduced the heat transfer rate. These findings highlight the critical influence of thermal stratification and magnetic inclination on MHD flow behavior, with potential applications in thermal management systems, geophysical convection, and magnetically controlled transport processes.

Dementia is a global public health concern, with prevalence projected to reach 78 million individuals by 2030 and 139 million by 2050. Most persons living with dementia reside in community settings and are supported by family caregivers. As caregiving demands grow, caregivers experience significant psychosocial, emotional, and financial burden, including high rates of stress, social isolation, and depressive symptoms. Access to effective support services remains limited, highlighting the urgent need for innovative and accessible caregiver interventions. This pilot study first aims to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and tolerability of VR-SIM Carers, a virtual reality (VR)-based psychoeducational training program for family caregivers or care partners of people living with dementia. Second, it will aim to provide a preliminary evaluation of potential impact on caregiver outcomes, including caregiver competence, stress, resilience, empathy, and quality of life. The study is not designed to support causal inference regarding the effectiveness of VR-SIM Carers. A mixed methods design will be used with a sample of 30 family caregivers of people living with dementia. Participants will complete 3 immersive, self-paced VR caregiving scenarios-Managing Apathy, Crisis Response, and Refusal of Care-receiving real-time feedback from simulated characters, including clinician and person living with dementia avatars. Primary outcomes (feasibility and educational impact) include recruitment, retention, adherence, usability, acceptability, and tolerability and caregiver competence (Pearlin Caregiving Competence Scale), perceived stress (Cohen Perceived Stress Scale), resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale), and empathy (Empathy Assessment Scale). Secondary outcomes (preliminary efficacy) include caregiver quality of life (Adult Carer Quality of Life Questionnaire), caregiver burden (Burden Questionnaire), and behavioral symptoms (Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Short Form) assessed at baseline, postintervention, and 1-month follow-up. Feasibility and user engagement will be evaluated via the 18-item Gaming Use Engagement and Severity Scale, Igroup Presence Questionnaire, qualitative interviews, reflection notes, and open-ended feedback. Quantitative data will be analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and paired 2-tailed t tests, while qualitative data will be analyzed using an inductive thematic coding framework. Data analyses are descriptive and exploratory only, and no causal claims regarding intervention effectiveness will be made. Consistent with CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) guidance for pilot and feasibility studies, caregiver outcomes (eg, competence, stress, resilience, empathy) are treated as exploratory. The findings from this study will inform the feasibility, acceptability, and educational value of immersive VR for caregiver training, while providing preliminary evidence regarding the efficacy of VR-SIM Carers as a training tool to improve psychoeducation outcomes for family caregivers of people living with dementia and reduce caregiving burden. Data collection commenced in March 2024 with a projected end date of March 2026. As of the submission of the manuscript (December 2025), 21 participants have been enrolled. Data analysis will be completed in April 2026, and the results are expected to be published in fall 2026. VR-SIM Carers represents an innovative, scalable intervention designed to enhance caregiver preparedness, psychosocial outcomes, and sustainable community-based dementia care. This pilot study will provide critical evidence to guide further development and implementation of VR-based caregiver support programs.

Dual-function of nitrogen removal and autoinducer-2 quorum quenching improves MBR performance in treating TMAH-containing wastewater.

Increasing resilience to stress by home-based transcranial stimulation.

Evaluating a mobile-enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy program for university students with irritable bowel syndrome.

This study was focused in the evaluation in the effects of temperature and relative humidity on behavioral and physiological characteristics of Musca domestica, as well as the role played by it on the mechanical transmission of pathogenic bacteria under controlled laboratory conditions. Adult houseflies caught in the urban area were reared in the laboratory and kept at different temperatures (20 ± 2 °C, 25 ± 2 °C, and 30 ± 2 °C) and relative humidity level (40 ± 5%, 60 ± 5% and 80 ± 5%) Behavioral parameters such as locomotor activity, frequency of flying, number of landings and duration of contact with surfaces were recorded while physiological indicators such as survival rate, general activity and visible stress responses were monitored on day-to-day basis. Samples from external body surface, mouthparts and digestive system were checked for the presence of the bacteria using the standard microbiological method and the results of the analyses were analyzed by means of univariate analysis of variance with a level of significance of P ≤ 0.05. The results showed that the behavioral activity increased with increasing temperature and moderate to high humidity when compared to rates of physiological stress and mortality which were higher under extreme environmental conditions. In addition, the percentage of bacteria positive samples improved significantly with the increase of the temperature and the humidity level, showing a positive correlation between the environmental condition, the fly activity and the potential of the mechanical transmission of pathogen bacteria, with all of the observed differences being statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05).

A computational investigation is carried out for Carreau-type non-Newtonian flows past a vertically aligned cylinder. The rheological behavior of the Carreau fluid is captured through a set of boundary layer equations incorporating buoyancy, magnetic field effects, viscous dissipation and stretching. For accuracy and reliability, the resulting problem is solved using two independent numerical approaches: the shooting method coupled with a fifth-order Runge–Kutta scheme and Newton's method, as well as MATLAB's built-in boundary value solver. Flow and thermal characteristics are modeled using an artificial neural network trained with the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm. The reliability of the predictions is verified through multiple validation metrics, and a comparison between the bvp4c scheme and the artificial neural network model reveals remarkable agreement. Results reveal how shear-thinning characteristics and magnetic field intensity jointly influence the momentum and thermal boundary layers. Graphical illustrations provide further insight into the evolving structure of the flow and temperature fields under various operating conditions. With an increasing curvature parameter and thicker momentum, thermal and concentration boundary layers are formed. By increasing the parameter k * , the thermophoretic diffusion mechanism strengthens leading to a higher thermophoretic velocity. The impact of key physical parameters—including the power-law index, Weissenberg number, magnetic interaction parameter and Eckert number—on the wall shear stress and heat transfer rate is systematically explored.

Pediatric headache not only impacts an individual's psychosocial, physical, and academic functioning, but also imposes a burden on their broader systems (e.g. healthcare, financial systems). Literature regarding the bidirectional nature of the socioecological burden of pediatric headache has yet to be synthesized. This is crucial, given the importance of identifying next steps for health-policy, advocacy, research, and intervention development for pediatric headache. Globally, rates of pediatric headache have risen, with incidence and prevalence varying by geographical location and headache type. Healthcare system and family financial burden of headache suggests increases in healthcare utilization and costs, and parental loss of wages due to missed work. Psychosocial and academic impacts of headache on youth include poorer school attendance, higher rates of stress, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing disorders. The burden of pediatric headache is clear across several domains of functioning and affects the broader systems supporting the impacted individual. Nuanced relationships between psychosocial functioning and pediatric headache have emerged, demonstrating the need for future research to consider specific factors (e.g. headache type, age, and gender) as moderators of disability-related outcomes and psychosocial functioning, and the clinical development of biopsychosocial interventions tailored to address domains of disability.

Joint hypermobility syndrome for the urogynaecologist - A narrative review.

Utilizing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2009 to 2018, this study examines the association between dietary live microbe consumption and emphysema prevalence in 24,174 participants. Dietary live microbe intake was classified into three categories: low, medium, and high. Adjusted logistic regression models demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between dietary live microbe intake and emphysema prevalence. Participants in the medium and high intake groups showed approximately 40% [odds ratio (OR)=0.595] and 60% (OR=0.378) reduced risk, respectively (p<0.00001). Subgroup analysis revealed a stronger protective effect in males, potentially linked to their higher oxidative stress and metabolic rates. These findings suggest that dietary live microbes may reduce emphysema risk by modulating immune responses and inflammation through the gut-lung axis. However, as this is a cross-sectional study, causality cannot be established, and further longitudinal research is required to validate these findings.

Introduction and purpose: Overtraining syndrome (OTS) might occur in athletes experiencing extreme physical and mental stress over a longer period of time without adequate recovery (Meeusen et al., 2013). A decrease in sports performance and chronic fatigue are the most frequent symptoms (Carrard et al., 2021; Meeusen et al., 2013). Reliable diagnostic and monitoring tools are lacking but are strongly needed due to the high prevalence of OTS of 5 to 64 % (depending on definition and sample) and its potential reducing risk of injury (Meeusen et al., 2013). We aimed to develop novel sex-specific, non-invasive and multiparametric recovery monitoring models. Methods: Seventy-three youth and young adult elite athletes (51 females, age 19.7 ± 4.0 years) from mainly team and speed/power-oriented sports, e.g., handball and athletics, participated. Weekly measurements were conducted over 16 weeks to assess the athletes’ recovery state, resulting in 663 measurement timepoints. Forty parameters – including sleep, training load, occupational load, social load, menstrual cycle, heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV), core body temperature, grip strength, and single and double leg jump performance – served as predictors of the athletes’ subjective rating of recovery and stress (Short Recovery and Stress Scale, SRSS, Kellmann &amp; Kölling, 2020). Lasso, Ridge, and Elastic Net regularized regression was applied for automated parameter selection, training, and cross-validation of the binomial prediction models. Results: For the female athletes’ model AUC = 0.819 was calculated (sensitivity = 79.8%, specificity = 72.9%). Thereby, the parameters social load, single and double leg jump performance, sleep quality, training load, grip strength, and occupational load were ranked within the top ten highest predictive parameters (Figure 1). The male athletes’ model demonstrated similar predictive performance with AUC = 0.797 (sensitivity = 74.3%, specificity = 71.4%). Thereby, grip strength, HRV, single leg jump performance, and social load were among the top ten most predictive parameters. Discussion: A broad and novel combination of non-invasive parameters was analysed to capture a holistic picture of the athletes’ recovery and stress state. The resulting sex-specific models showed good predictive performance. The development of sex-specific recovery monitoring prediction models seemed crucial due to the observed differences in parameter importance. Conclusion: This study provides a deeper understanding of the relevance of specific parameters for recovery and stress monitoring in female and male youth and young adult elite athletes.

Background: Mental health issues are highly prevalent among adolescents and represent hidden public health concern. Indian adolescents, particularly girls, are vulnerable to a broad spectrum of mental health challenges due to academic stress, emotional and behavioural difficulties, and engagement in health-risk behaviour. Aims: To assess levels of depression, anxiety, and stress along with associated individual and family factors among adolescent female students. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried among adolescent girl students during February 2023 to June 2023.Total 168 adolescent girl students aged between 13 to 19 years were selected by two-stage random sampling technique. Information concerning socio-demographics, family related characteristics and psychological issues was collected. A validated Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS-21) scale was used to assess the depression, anxiety and stress among adolescent girls. Results: Mean age of respondents was 15.08 ± 1.68 years. More than half of the participants were in late adolescence (57.7%). Among adolescents aged 13–15 years, a higher proportion had normal levels of depression 65 (58.6%), whereas moderate depression was more common in those aged 16–19 years 24 (42.1%). A statistically significant association was observed between age group and levels of depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS). Among early adolescents (13–15 years), moderate depression was the most prevalent category (29.8%). Severe depression was rare in both groups and extremely severe depression was not observed. Anxiety levels also varied significantly with age, with normal anxiety more frequent in early adolescents (45.0%) compared to late adolescents (33.3%). Moderate and severe anxiety levels were more prevalent in late adolescence, and extremely severe anxiety was reported only among adolescents aged 16–19 years (3.5%). Stress levels showed a similar pattern, with most early adolescents having normal stress levels (74.8%). No participant reported severe or extremely severe stress. Overall rates of depression, anxiety and stress were found to be 49.4%,58.9% and 28.6% respectively and no significant age-related differences were observed for depression, anxiety and stress (P&lt;0.001). Family type showed no statistically significant association with depression, anxiety, or stress. Respondents reported multiple coping strategies to overcome DAS, including overthinking (79.2%), procrastination (57.1%) and negative self-talk (43.5%). Sleep disturbances were reported by 35.7% of participants, mainly attributed to over thinking and academic stress. Although most respondents reported supportive family relationships, many experienced hesitations in expressing needs, difficulties in decision-making, and perceived peer pressure. Nearly two-thirds (64.3%) of the adolescents expressed a perceived need for psychological counseling. Conclusion: The present study reported a high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among adolescent girl students in Chandigarh, with anxiety being the most common condition. Their mental health showed significant association with age and family relationships emphasizing the influence of family and social environments. Emotional communication, coping behaviour, peer pressure, academic stress, and sleep disturbances also emerged as key issues in health. The high perceived need for counselling reflects unmet support needs among adolescents.

Abstract Background Amid accelerating urbanization, prolonged exposure to high-density environments, noise pollution, and social pressures has led to widespread increases in psychological stress levels. While conventional stress management approaches primarily rely on psychological counseling, exercise therapy, and medication, the psychological support potential of public spaces remains underexplored. Recent years have seen Nature-Based Public Art Installation (NBPAI) – installations centered around natural elements – demonstrate effectiveness in improving mood, enhancing environmental connection, and fostering positive psychological experiences. However, the objective stress-reduction effects and underlying psychological mechanisms of NBPAI remain unverified. This study aims to evaluate the stress-relieving efficacy of NBPAI and explore the psychological pathways through which emotional recovery, attention restoration, and environmental pleasure contribute to intervention outcomes. Methods The study recruited 268 urban residents with high levels of persistent psychological stress, with 178 assigned to the experimental group experiencing Natural-Based Pain Alleviation Intervention (NBPAI) and 90 entering the control group without natural element art installations. The NBPAI included natural light simulation, water soundscapes, dynamic plant imagery, and odor stimulation. Participants stayed in the installation for 20 minutes before undergoing testing. Key metrics included Subjective Stress Rating (SSR), Salivary Cortisol Concentration (SCC), Emotional Restoration Index (ERI), and Attention Restoration Index (ARI). Measurements were taken before entering the installation, immediately after leaving, and again 30 minutes later. A mixed-effects model and regression analysis were used to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of NBPAI. Results The results demonstrated that the experimental group experienced an average 37% reduction in stress-related symptoms (SSR) after experiencing Natural Elements Pleasure Activity (NBPAI), significantly higher than the control group’s 12% decrease (p&amp;lt;.001). Stress-related cognitions (SCC) decreased by approximately 29% in the experimental group compared to 9% in the control group, with statistically significant differences (p=.004). Emotional resonance index (ERI) increased by 42% in the experimental group, markedly higher than the control group’s 15% rise (p=.002). Affective resonance index (ARI) increased by 35%, also exceeding the control group’s 11% reduction (p=.005). Further analysis revealed that both ERI and ARI could predict stress reduction magnitude, with correlation coefficients of -0.48 (p=.01) and -0.44 (p=.02), respectively. Follow-up measurements 30 minutes later showed that the experimental group maintained a 31% stress reduction, while the control group only achieved an 8% decrease (p=.006), indicating short-term sustainability of NBPAI’s stress-relieving effects. Additionally, participants’ higher scores in natural element pleasure correlated with greater stress reduction, demonstrating a clear dose–response relationship (p=.02). Discussion Public art installations incorporating natural elements effectively alleviate acute psychological stress among urban residents. The simultaneous improvement in physiological and psychological indicators demonstrates that NBPAI’s stress-reducing effects exhibit dual-system characteristics, with emotional recovery and attention restoration serving as its core mechanisms. The environmental pleasure derived from natural elements plays a crucial amplifying role in stress reduction, suggesting that designing richer natural sensory cues could further enhance therapeutic benefits. These findings provide innovative pathways for urban mental health support systems and establish empirical foundations for developing sustainable, psychologically friendly urban environments.

Teachers are the most important factor in eliciting positive student outcomes. However, teacher stress and attrition are an increasing problem. This problem is exacerbated in high-needs schools, which serve students who are exposed to higher levels of risk factors and trauma. Due to the unique challenges faced by their students, teachers in these schools experience heightened rates of secondary traumatic stress (STS). What is unclear is how STS operates as a unique job demand contributing to teacher attrition. The present study surveyed 104 teachers in rural North Louisiana to determine the following: (a) What general mental health symptoms and degree of STS are teachers in high-needs rural schools experiencing? (b) Does STS contribute to teacher intent to leave the field? Study findings show that many teachers experience trauma exposure through their work, with approximately a quarter of those surveyed reporting that they were likely to leave their school or the profession in the next year. Additionally, a logistic regression found that STS significantly contributes to teacher intent to leave the profession. Implications of these emergent findings are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Manipulation of autophagy regulates mitochondrial homeostasis and early embryo development of cryopreserved porcine oocytes.

Young adults (19-24 years) commonly experience elevated rates of sleep disturbance, anxiety, and cognitive stress yet often underutilise formal mental-health services. Music therapy, binaural beats, and related auditory entrainment techniques offer accessible, non-pharmacological approaches that may enhance emotional regulation, cognition, and physiological stability. To systematically review interventional clinical trials published over the past decade evaluating music- and rhythm-based auditory interventions for mental-health and cognitive outcomes in young adults. A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE and PsycINFO (01 January 2015 - 01 January 2025) was conducted using the terms (music therapy OR binaural beats OR auditory entrainment) AND (mental health OR neurorehabilitation OR cognition OR anxiety OR depression). After screening 122 abstracts, 10 trials met inclusion criteria. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) and 95% confidence intervals were extracted or estimated. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB-2 tool. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251178490). Interventions included bedtime music therapy, audiovisual stimulation, and binaural-beat exposure across laboratory, clinical, and rehabilitation settings. Most studies demonstrated significant or moderate improvements in at least one domain: anxiety reduction, stress physiology, mood regulation, sleep quality or cognitive performance (standardised mean differences 0.3-0.6). Evidence suggests that music-based and binaural-beat interventions can beneficially modulate sleep, anxiety, and cognitive processes in young adults. However, heterogeneity in design and small sample sizes limit the certainty of findings. Future adequately powered randomised controlled trials should address transdiagnostic mechanisms and long-term efficacy.

ABSTRACT This work examines the extrudability of a novel bio-compatible Mg-Zn-Ca alloy in the hot working temperature range of 300°C to 400°C using conical dies with angles of 30°, 60°, and 90°. The effects of die angle and temperature on metal flow and extrusion load were analyzed using finite element simulations in Qform software. A flow model was developed to describe the alloy’s behaviour, and statistical parameters (R, R2, and % AARE) confirmed the suitability of the modified Johnson-Cook model. The determined model coefficients were used in the simulations. Predicted extrusion loads were validated through hot extrusion experiments using a 100-ton double-action hydraulic press. The influence of extrusion temperature and die angle on microstructure and hardness was also investigated. More homogeneous metal flow was observed with a 60° die angle. Stress, strain, and strain rate distribution showed more severe deformation near the billet surface than at the centre under all conditions. Peak load was higher at 300°C than at 350°C for all die angles, with 60° minimising the load. Predicted load agreed well with experiments, with maximum differences of 5.6 % and 13.8 % at 300°C and 350°C, respectively. Extrusion at 400°C caused surface cracking, indicating a suitabletemperature range of 300–350°C. A significant grain refinement (~80%) was observed after the extrusion process. Hardness measurements show higher surface hardness, reaching 70.5 HV at 300°C with a 90° die angle, which were consistent with finite element simulations.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) individuals experience elevated rates of trauma exposure, minority stress, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yet, research examining how geographic location and LGBTQ+ identity shape PTSD outcomes is scant, particularly studies considering structural facilitators and barriers, such as health care access. This cross-sectional, secondary study investigated associations between several individual- and structural-level factors and PTSD symptoms in LGBTQ+ adults (N = 131) recruited from urban and rural U.S. regions, most of whom identified as non-Hispanic White, bisexual, cisgender women. Analyses examined whether intersecting demographic characteristics, urban or rural location, perceived health care access, LGBTQ+ identity disclosure to providers, and experiences of LGBTQ+ discrimination were associated with PTSD symptom severity and probable PTSD diagnosis. Approximately 62% of participants reported experiencing a DSM-5 Criterion A traumatic event; of these individuals, 24.4% met the criteria for probable PTSD. General health care access, β = -.27, 95% CI [-.45, -.09], p =.003, and LGBTQ+ identity disclosure, β = -.19, 95% CI [-.31, -.07], p =.039, were significantly associated with PTSD symptom severity. Higher health care access was associated with 50.0% lower odds of probable PTSD, ORadj = 0.50, 95% CI [0.29, 0.84], p =.009. Bisexual cisgender women had 4-times higher odds of a probable PTSD diagnosis compared to LGQ+ participants, ORadj = 3.96, 95% CI [1.15, 13.7], p =.030. Improving access to health care and supporting identity disclosure may reduce PTSD risk among LGBTQ+ adults, especially for bisexual cisgender women and rurally situated individuals.

Doctoral nursing students experience high stress levels and mental health challenges, impacting resilience and professional readiness. Teaching wellness practices is essential to support student well-being and retention. High rates of stress and attrition among new nurses highlight the need for wellness-focused education, yet traditional teaching methods may not effectively promote self-care and stress reduction. Guided by Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing Essentials Domain 10, this practice improvement project involved evaluation of a 40-minute guided meditation for Doctor of Nursing Practice students. The intervention included breath work, emotional grounding, and cognitive recentering. Using a pre-posttest design, 39 participants reported significantly reduced stress (P <.001) and increased relaxation (P <.001). Nearly all endorsed benefits to personal well-being and recommended future integration. Findings suggest experiential meditation fostered resilience and self-care, offering nurse educators a practical strategy to enhance student wellness, professional development, and workforce sustainability.

Mothers in the United States are unwell, with high rates of maternal stress and death. Maternal health matters in its own right, and it is more difficult for children to be well if their parents are not. Improving mothers' economic status and social connectedness to improve maternal and child health has received increased attention. New data build on previous findings that economic (e.g., financial strain, lost health insurance) and social [e.g., adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), structural racism] stressors are associated with poorer maternal and child health. Conversely, economic and social supports (e.g., cash transfers, paid family and medical leave, social connectedness) improve aspects of maternal and child health. Evidence on whether pandemic-era cash transfers impact maternal and child health is mixed. Addressing social and economic stressors can improve maternal and child health, but the details matter. Incremental economic interventions are insufficient. Social factors such as isolation and structural racism must also be addressed. Policy implementation is equally important; families cannot benefit if they cannot access resources. Policy changes such as universal paid family and medical leave are needed. The field of pediatrics should update practice guidelines and advocate for policy changes.