Epigenetic stress memory for predictive and heritable crop epibreeding

High-end seismic imaging, formulated as an inverse problem, requires accounting for anelastic effects and computing the gradient of a data misfit function. When using second-order displacement wave equations with a time-domain finite-difference scheme, memory requirements can be reduced by employing three memory variables, either displacement or force-based, per relaxation mechanism. We present a formulation using force memory variables, which correspond to the divergence of stress memory variables. This approach minimizes storage demands during gradient computation and is therefore advantageous for seismic imaging. However, total stresses and tractions cannot be directly recovered from force memory variables, complicating the implementation of traction-dependent boundary conditions. We then derive a set of boundary conditions that separately incorporate elastic and anelastic (viscous) stresses, based on a comparison of the weak forms of the force and displacement memory variable formulations. We propose a summation-by-parts with simultaneous approximation terms (SBP-SAT) finite-difference scheme to model variable topography and bathymetry, incorporating an acoustic/elastic interface, in a curvilinear coordinate system. Stability is ensured by adding SAT to the time-evolution equations of both the displacement fields and the memory variables. This results in a dual-consistent and stable numerical scheme. We validate the numerical implementation by comparing it with a spectral element method applied to a simple elastic model. We then present a 3D simulation using an anelastic and anisotropic model representing the Mont Blanc region.

Somatic salt stress memory enhances tolerance in poplar: Insights from integrated transcriptome and physiological analyses

Abstract Background Plants are continuously challenged by diverse abiotic stresses, which compromise growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient homeostasis. This review aims to elucidate the roles of antioxidant systems and mineral nutrients in stress adaptation, and to highlight the potential of multi-omics approaches to enhance crop resilience. Methods A comprehensive synthesis of current research on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms, nutrient interactions, and stress physiology was performed. Multi-omics datasets—including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, ionomics, and miRNomics were analyzed to assess nutrient acquisition, redistribution, and signaling under stress. Genotype-specific responses, stress memory, and ROS–Ca 2 ⁺–hormone cross-talk were emphasized. High-throughput phenotyping and genome-editing strategies were also considered. Results Evidence shows that plants employ integrated antioxidant systems to maintain redox balance and mitigate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage. Mineral nutrients act as enzymatic cofactors, regulate antioxidant activity, and modulate osmotic adjustment and signaling pathways. In addition, interactions between essential and toxic metals involve both competitive and protective mechanisms that influence metal uptake, transport, and detoxification. Multi-omics studies highlight genotype- and stress-history-dependent responses and reveal complex ROS–Ca 2 ⁺–hormone signaling networks. Conclusions The integration of antioxidant defenses, nutrient homeostasis, and signaling networks is critical for plant resilience under abiotic stress. Multi-omics and advanced phenotyping provide actionable insights for developing nutrient-efficient, stress-tolerant crops. Coordinating redox and nutrient signaling pathways represents a promising strategy to translate molecular basis into agronomic solutions for sustaining productivity under climate change.

Acute and delayed effects of THC on memories of stress in healthy adults.

The diagnostic value of autoantibodies together with the clinical utility of B cell-depleting therapies (e.g., rituximab) highlight a pathologic role for B cells in antisynthetase syndrome (ASyS). Mainstays of therapy however rely on broadly immunosuppressive agents, which often lead to incomplete treatment response. We therefore set out to identify dysregulated pathways in ASyS as novel therapeutic targets. Peripheral blood mononuclear nuclear cells were isolated from ASyS and healthy participants. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on flow sorted CD19+ cells, followed by differential gene expression and pathway analysis. ASyS patients upregulated pathways related to either interferon or cellular stress (activated B cells) and interferon, actin, or chemical stress (memory B cells), with increased reactive oxygen species identified in several memory B cell subsets in ASyS participants. The frequency of memory B cells expressing the stress response gene, FKBP5 or lipid membrane raft organization gene, MYADM was higher in ASyS patients versus healthy controls. Pathway analysis of these memory subsets showed altered actin/cytoskeleton rearrangement, cellular stress response, and cellular metabolism (FKBP5+ memory) and altered antigen processing/presentation, cellular adhesion, and cell homing (MYADM+ memory) in ASyS. Overall, our data identify novel and known gene expression changes within activated and memory B cells. These data implicate activated and memory B cell rewiring in ASyS that may support their ability to act as antigen-presenting cells. Future studies will be required to validate these findings and probe their utility as new targets to limit tissue damage in ASyS.

The power of recall: Physiological and epigenetic memory networks in plants.

Genomic hotspots integrating antioxidant priming and hormone-ROS signaling shape barley resilience to Cold-Drought stress.

Abstract Ayurveda provides a comprehensive and personalized framework for understanding human health by combining nutrition, digestion, emotional control, behavioral patterns, and preventive lifestyle practices into a cohesive systems-based approach. The concept of prakriti, or innate biological constitution, is central to this medical system. It refers to stable phenotypic patterns molded by genetic inheritance, developmental processes, and environmental exposure. This constitutional classification governs inter-individual diversity in metabolic efficiency, immunological response, neuroendocrine regulation, and disease susceptibility, giving a tailored lens for assessing health and making therapeutic decisions. This review combines traditional Ayurvedic principles such as the tridosha theory (Vata, Pitta, Kapha), the five-element doctrine (Pancha Mahabhuta), digestive and metabolic capacity (Agni), incompatible dietary combinations (Viruddha Ahara), raw food consumption, and the bidirectional psychosomatic interactions between emotional states and organ systems. Digestive homeostasis is highlighted as a key factor of metabolic transformation, nutritional assimilation, and toxin accumulation (Ama), as well as its downstream impact on inflammatory, metabolic, neurological, and degenerative disease pathways. Dosha-specific predispositions to illnesses such as insulin resistance, cardiovascular dysfunction, neurodegeneration, and chronic inflammatory states are reviewed, emphasizing the importance of constitution-based dietary modulation and lifestyle customization in disease prevention and treatment. The review delves deeper into Ayurvedic viewpoints on emotional imprinting, stress memory, and intergenerational implications on health, drawing conceptual connections with current studies in psychoneuroimmunology, epigenetics, and trauma biology. The therapeutic value of breath regulation (pranayama) is investigated in terms of autonomic nervous system balance, neuroendocrine modulation, and stress-related illness prevention. Finally, this paper emphasizes the complementary strengths of Ayurveda and Western biomedicine, advocating for an integrative healthcare paradigm that incorporates constitution-based preventive strategies, lifestyle interventions, and mind-body regulation alongside evidence-based diagnostics and acute medical care. Overall, this review emphasizes Ayurvedic constitutional frameworks’ translational promise in influencing precision treatments, treating modern lifestyle-related disorders, and promoting holistic, customized models of human health. Keywords: Ayurveda; Prakriti (Individualized Constitution); Integrative and Alternative Medicine; Precision Therapeutics; Psychosomatic Health; Preventive Medicine

Cellular memory of sub-lethal stress.

Memory impairment, particularly subjective memory complaints, is common among patients with epilepsy and significantly affects their quality of life and treatment adherence. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing subjective memory in epilepsy, with a specific focus on the roles of psychological resilience and perceived stress, and to examine whether perceived stress mediates the relationship between psychological resilience and subjective memory. A total of 145 patients with epilepsy were prospectively enrolled at the Epilepsy Center of a tertiary teaching hospital. Comprehensive assessments were conducted to evaluate psychological resilience, perceived stress, subjective and objective memory performance, and demographic and clinical characteristics. Statistical analyses included Pearson or Spearman correlation, group comparisons, and multiple regression analyses to identify the influencing factors. The mediation effects were tested using the bootstrap method with 5000 resamples. Subjective memory was positively correlated with psychological resilience (r = .441, p < .001) and negatively correlated with perceived stress (r = -.574, p < .001). Regression analysis indicated that psychological factors remained significant predictors after controlling for the relevant covariates. Mediation analysis demonstrated that perceived stress exerted a significant indirect effect on the association between psychological resilience and subjective memory (ACME = .1554, 95% CI [.03, .31], p = .015), which accounted for 32.96% of the total effect. Psychological resilience and perceived stress are significant contributors to subjective memory in epilepsy. The mediating role of perceived stress suggests its potential as a target for psychological intervention.

Overactivation of memory networks and pathways can induce post-traumatic stress disorders and memory generalization, where memories are recalled in inappropriate situations. Here, we demonstrate that age-related defects in long-term memories in Drosophila are also caused by memory generalization. Aversive memory engram cells are formed in both young and old flies trained in an odor avoidance task. However, while engrams in young flies are activated specifically by odors previously paired with electrical shocks, engrams in old flies are activated by shock-paired, unpaired, and novel odors. This enhancement of engram cell activation occurs because of increased activity of dopaminergic neurons during memory consolidation in old flies. Increased dopamine signaling results from an inability of old flies to inhibit glutamatergic activation and leads to increased activation of dopamine D2 receptors on engram cells. Our data suggest that increased dopaminergic activity after training generalizes the responsiveness of engram cells to disrupt appropriate memory recall.

Brassica metabolite priming boosts growth and ion-water homeostasis under salt stress in broccoli.

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), often assumed to be biocompatible, is widely used in microfluidic devices and biomedical research. Here, we systematically assess the organismal effects of PDMS network components and their leachates using Caenorhabditis elegans as a whole-animal model. We demonstrate that uncrosslinked vinyl-terminated PDMS (v-PDMS) chains, which comprise the majority of a PDMS network and are known to diffuse into aqueous environments, cause acute, environmentally-dependent toxicity. Low-molecular-weight v-PDMS (6 kDa) caused mild lethality in nutrient-rich S-medium (SM) but significantly higher mortality in minimal S-buffer (SB), showing that media composition strongly influences toxic effects. Adding cholesterol, calcium, or magnesium notably reduced v-PDMS-induced lethality, whereas trace metals increased it. Using a DAF-16::GFP reporter strain, we show that cholesterol influences organismal stress responses to v-PDMS exposures. Progeny from starved parents showed full resistance to v-PDMS, suggesting transgenerational stress memory plays a role in reducing PDMS toxicity. We also find that linear siloxanes cause modest but significant lethality, whereas cyclic siloxanes do not. The crosslinker TDSS, however, provides partial protection when present with v-PDMS, revealing diverse biological effects among PDMS network precursors. Overall, these results show that PDMS-derived components are not universally harmless and that susceptibility depends greatly on environmental conditions, sterol levels, and physiological history. Our findings emphasize the importance of carefully evaluating PDMS formulations for biomedical use and offer a framework for assessing polymer leachate toxicity in living organisms.

Plant responses to UV-B radiation: physiology, transcription, epigenetics, and secondary metabolism.

Drought stress triggers complex biochemical and physiological adjustments in plants, including the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can influence neighboring individuals. Here we show that such volatiles, particularly those induced by methyl salicylate (MeSA), can convey chemical information that modulates the drought response of nearby soybean plants. Using an emitter-receiver chamber system, we exposed receiver plants under water deficit to volatiles from emitters subjected to either drought, MeSA application, or both. Drought reduced total VOC profile emission of emitters plants, whereas MeSA treatment during drought generated a distinct and more diverse volatile blend enriched in terpenoids such as β-ocimene and α-farnesene. Receiver plants exposed to these MeSA-induced blends exhibited higher stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and photosynthetic efficiency than those exposed to volatiles from droughted emitters. In parallel, they accumulated less proline and glycine betaine and showed lower catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities, indicating reduced oxidative and osmotic stress. These integrated responses define a physiological state distinct from both control and drought-only conditions, consistent with a primed-like configuration. We propose that MeSA-triggered volatile blends act as carriers of chemical information capable of inducing infopriming, i.e., a non-contact form of stress memory transfer that prepares neighboring plants for environmental challenges. This mechanism represents an emergent dimension of plant-plant interaction, linking volatile signaling, stress physiology, and memory processes.

Abstract. Accurate forecasting of aftershock distributions is vital for effective post-earthquake emergency response, early warning systems, and long-term seismic hazard mitigation. This study introduces a novel nonlinear, multiscale framework for modeling the evolution of Coulomb stress following a major earthquake. The proposed approach integrates rate-and-state friction laws, a KPP-type reaction–diffusion equation, and the Banach fixed-point theorem to simulate the dynamic redistribution of stress in space and time. Central to the model are two time-dependent parameters – α(t), which governs the decay of stress memory consistent with Omori's law, and β(t), which modulates the nonlinear diffusion and reaction dynamics. Applied to the 2018 Hualien earthquake in Taiwan, the framework resolves stress changes and their gradients at depths of 6–25 km. Results indicate that stress gradients are more predictive of aftershock occurrences within the first 50 d and at depths shallower than 12 km, while stress changes play a dominant role at greater depths and later times. Validation using AUC and Molchan error metrics demonstrates the model's strong spatial forecasting capability. The framework's adaptive convergence and modular structure support real-time seismic hazard assessment and integration into PSHA workflows, offering a promising tool for aftershock modeling and disaster resilience planning.

Climate change is intensifying the threat of unseasonal low-temperature stress, highlighting the need for understanding isolated pathways to implementing integrated biotechnological solutions. This review synthesizes a proposed hierarchical signaling network that may mediate cold acclimation, beginning with plasma membrane rigidification, which is decoded by an expanded range of CBL-CIPK calcium sensors. We discuss how this signal converges on a dynamically regulated ICE1-CBF-COR transcriptional hub, fine-tuned by a WRKY-phytohormone regulatory layer. We highlight recent evidence of epigenetic mechanisms, including dynamic DNA methylation and histone modifications, as the key mechanisms contributing to transcriptional plasticity and the establishment of stress memory, including potential intergenerational and transgenerational effects. Furthermore, we also discuss the emerging evidence of systemic priming resilience, orchestrated by mobile signals including microRNA-encoded peptides (miPEPs) and green leaf volatiles (GLVs), which prime distal tissues via hormonal cross talk. Decoding this circuitry, from sensor to systemic signal, integrating these mechanisms offers promising avenues for enhancing cold tolerance in crops. We conclude by evaluating cutting-edge biotechnological applications, such asCRISPR-mediated epigenome editingandGLV-based bio-priming, offering a promising pathway to stabilize yields and enhance the sustainability of global food systems.

Background : Studying stress is an important vector for identifying undesirable functional states in modern humans. activating the body’s adaptive potential reduces the risk of developing pathologies. Methods: the study involved 60 young adults aged 19 to 25 years, divided into two comparison groups, one of which received a vitamin and mineral complex containing three vitamins (B1, B6, and C) and lithium ascorbate. the study assessed stress levels, anxiety, depression, memory parameters, and vitamin and element status. Results: a course of treatment with the vitamin and mineral complex significantly improved visual, auditory, and motor memory parameters and did not increase the overall stress index in young adults, reduces the score for hypovitaminosis by replenishing the levels of vitamins B1, B6, and C. Conclusion: А vitamin and mineral complex containing lithium ascorbate in a synergistic combination with thiamine and pyridoxine has anti-stress and mnemonic effects in young people aged 19 to 25.

Multigenerational stress exposure induces stress memory in plants, influencing resource allocation, defence mechanisms, and productivity. Weed competition imposes both resource-based (abiotic) and allelopathic (biotic) stress, engaging overlapping hormonal pathways. This study examined the hormonal and transcriptomic mechanisms underlying multigenerational stress memory in wheat subjected to inter-specific competition with kochia and Italian ryegrass and intra-specific competition with other wheat plants. Phytohormone analysis revealed increased salicylic acid levels, promoting systemic acquired resistance, whereas jasmonic acid levels declined, indicating suppressed jasmonate-mediated defence. Abscisic acid responses varied, reflecting shifts in water-use efficiency. Cytokinins and auxins exhibited generation- and treatment-specific trends, suggesting adaptive resource acquisition but potential hormonal imbalances. These hormonal shifts corresponded with phenotypic responses, where adaptive benefits peaked at Generation 3 before transitioning to maladaptive responses in later generations. Transcriptomic analysis identified dynamic changes in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and key pathways. Wheat-only competition peaked in stress-responsive DEGs in Generation 3, while wheat-kochia and wheat-ryegrass exhibited early generation transcriptional reprogramming and long-term adaptations. Intra-specific wheat competition showed early generation transcriptomic surges but persistent growth repression in the current study. These findings provide mechanistic insights into multigenerational stress memory mechanisms and reveal how phytohormonal crosstalk and transcriptional reprogramming shape wheat responses to competition stress across generations.